Study GuideTechnology and the Law

Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola2010

Berne Guerrero entered AUSL in June 2002 and eventually graduated from AUSL in 2006.

He passed the Philippine bar examinations immediately after (April 2007).

He started to teach technology and the law at AUSL in 2008.

www.berneguerrero.com

Technology and the Law, Arellano University School of LawAtty. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola

Draft Guide, Part 1 (2010)

I. E-Commerce Law and Electronic Evidence

A. Sources and finding tools

1. Laws and Issuances* Republic Act 8293, 14 June 2000.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2000/ra_8792_2000.html* Republic Act 8293 IRR, July 2000: http://www.disini.ph/signed_irr.html* Rules on Electronic Evidence (AM 01-7-01-SC, 17 July 2001):

http://www.lawphil.net/courts/supreme/am/am_01-7-01_2001.html* Re: Expansion of the Coverage of the Rules on Electronic Evidence (AM

01-7-01-SC, 24 September 2002): http://www.disini.ph/res_sc_am_1-7-01.html

2. Annotations* Disini, JJ. RA 8792 IRR: http://www.disini.ph/downloads/EcomIRR

%20Annotations.pdf

3. Readings* Soriano, Jaime N. “A Synopsis of e-Commerce Law,” http://soriano-

ph.com/wp-content/uploads/article/e-commerce.pdf* Soriano, Jaime N. “The Philippine Rules on Electronic Evidence: An

Outline,” http://soriano-ph.com/wp-content/uploads/article/e-evidence.pdf

B. Content Proper

1. Preliminary mattersPolicy, and Objectives: Sections 2 and 3, RA 8792; Sections 1, 3, and 4, RA 8792 IRR; Scope or Sphere of application (RA 8792): Section 4, RA 8792; Section 5, RA 8792 IRR

Commercial activities: Section 6 (b), RA 8792 IRRNon-commercial activities: Section 6 (k), RA 8792 IRR

Scope of application (Electronic Evidence Rules): Sections 1, 2, and 3, Rule 1, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]; AM 01-7-01-SC [2002]

2. Legal Recognition of electronic data messages, documents, and signaturesElectronic Data messages and documentsLegal Recognition of Electronic Data messages: Section 6, RA 8792; Section 7

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in relation to Sections 8 and 9, RA 8792 IRR; Definition of Electronic data messages: Section 5 (b), RA 8792; Section 6

(e), RA 8792 IRR (see MCC vs. Ssanyong); Section 1 (g), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Legal Recognition of Electronic Documents: Section 7, RA 8792; Section 7 in relation to Sections 8 and 9, RA 8792 IRR; Definition of Electronic Documents: Section 5 (e), RA 8792; Section 6

(h), RA 8792 IRR; Section 1 (h), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Formalities: Sections 10 and 12, RA 8792 IRRElectronic SignaturesLegal Recognition of Electronic Signatures: Section 8, RA 8792; Section 13, RA

8792 IRR; Section 1, Rule 6, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Definition of Electronic Signatures: Section 5 (d), RA 8792; Section 6 (g),

RA 8792 IRR; Section 1 (j), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Digital SignatureDefinition, Digital Signature: Section 1 (e), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC

[2001]Definition, Electronic key: Section 5 (f), RA 8792; Section 6 (I),

RA 8792 IRR; Section 1 (i), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, Asymmetric or public cryptosystem: Section 1 (a), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, Key pair: Section 1 (m), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, Private key: Section 1 (n), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, Public key: Section 1 (o), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, Digitally signed: Section 1 (f), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, Certificate: Section 1 (c), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Case(s):a. National Power Corporation vs. Judge Codilla, etc., GR 170491, 4 April

2007; Third Division, Chico-Nazario [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/apr2007/gr_170491_2007.html

b. MCC Industrial Sales Corporation vs. Ssangyong Corporation, GR 170633, 17 October 2007 (Third Division, Nachura [J]): http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/oct2007/gr_170633_2007.html

3. EvidenceRules 128-134, Part IV, Rules of Court: http://www.lawphil.net/courts/rules/rc_128-134_evidence.htmlGeneral Provisions

Rule 128, Rules of Court

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Admissibility: Section 12, RA 8792; Section 18, RA 8792 IRR; Section 2, Rule 3, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Construction: Section 2, Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Object EvidenceSection 1, Rule 130, Rules of CourtAudio, video and similar evidence: Section 1, Rule 11, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Documentary EvidenceSections 2-19, Rule 130, Rules of CourtElectronic Document and Electronic Data Message as Original Document: Section 10, RA 8792; Section 11, RA 8792 IRR; Sections 1 and 2, Rule 4, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Ephemeral electronic evidence: Section 2, Rule 11, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, ephemeral electronic communication: Section 1 (k), Rule 2, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Electronically notarized document: Section 3, Rule 5, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Note, however, that there is no e-Notarization Rules yetTestimonial Evidence

Section 20-51, Rule 130, Rules of CourtBusiness records, exception to hearsay: Section 43, Rule 130, Rules of Court; Sections 1 and 2, Rule 8, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, business records: Section 1 (b), AM 01-7-01-SC [2001] Electronic testimony and transcript: Sections 1 and 2, Rule 10, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Burden of Proof and PresumptionsRule 131, Rules of CourtBurden of Proof: Section 11, RA 8792; Section 16, RA 8792 IRR; Section 1, Rule 5, AM 01-7-01-SCPresumption as to Electronic Signatures: Section 9, RA 8792; Section 14, RA 8792 IRR; Section 3, Rule 6, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Presumption as to Digital Signatures: Section 4, Rule 6, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Presentation of EvidenceRule 132, Rules of CourtAuthentication of Electronic data messages and documents: Section 11, RA 8792; Section 15, RA 8792 IRR; Section 2, Rule 5, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Authentication of Electronic Signatures: Section 15, RA 8792 IRR; Section 2, Rule 6, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Factors for assessing evidentiary weight: Section 12, RA 8792; Section 18, RA 8792 IRR; Section 1, Rule 7, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Methods to establish integrity: Section 17, RA 8792 IRR

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Integrity of information and communication system: Section 2, Rule 7, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Definition, ICS: Section 5 (c), RA 8792; Section 6(f), RA 8792 IRR

Retention of Electronic data messages and documents: Section 13, RA 8792; Section 20, RA 8792 IRR

Affidavit: Section 14, RA 8792; Section 19, RA 8792 IRR; Section 1, Rule 9, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Cross-Examination: Section 15, RA 8792; Section 19, RA 8792 IRR; Section 2, Rule 9, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]Storage of electronic evidence: Section 3, Rule 10, AM 01-7-01-SC [2001]

Case(s):c. Garcillano vs. House of Representatives Committees on Public

Information, etc., GR 170338, 23 December 2008; En Banc, Nachura [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/dec2008/gr_170338_2008.html

d. Ang vs. Court of Appeals and Sagud, GR 182835, 20 April 2010; Second Division, Abad [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/apr2010/gr_182835_2010.html

e. Nuez vs. Cruz-Apao, AM CA-04-18-P, 12 April 2005; En Banc, Per Curiam: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/apr2005/am_ca_05_18_p_2005.html

Other similar case(s) involving text messaging:1. Dizon vs. Campo, AM P-04-1774, 9 February 2004; Second

Division, Tinga [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/feb2004/am_p_04_1774_2004.html

2. Ang vs. Cruz, AM P-04-1822, 6 February 2006; Third Division, Carpio [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/feb2006/am_p-04-1822_2006.html

3. Advincula vs. Atty. Macabata, AC 7204, 7 March 2007; Third Division, Chico-Nazario [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/mar2007/ac_7204_2007.html

4. Tan vs. Judge Pacuribot, AM RTJ-06-1982, 14 December 2007; En Banc, Per Curiam: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2007/dec2007/am_rtj_06_1982_2007.html

5. Geroy vs. Judge Calderon, AM RTJ-07-2092, 8 December 2008; Third Division, Austria-Martinez [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2008/dec2008/am_rtj_07_2092_2008.html

6. Lihaylihay vs. Judge Canda, AM MTJ-06-1659, 18 June 2009; En

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Banc, Carpio [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jun2009/am_mtj-06-1659_2009.html

7. Narvasa vs. Sanchez, GR 169449, 26 March 2010; En Banc, Per Curiam: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/mar2010/gr_169449_2010.html

8. Escalona vs. Padillo, AM P-10-2785, 21 September 2010; En Banc, Per Curiam: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2010/sep2010/am_p-10-2785_2010.html

4. Communication Formation and validity of Contracts: Section 16, RA 8792; Section 21, RA 8792 IRR

Recognition by parties: Section 17, RA 8792; Section 23, RA 8792 IRRBank transactions: Section 22, RA 8792 IRR

Attribution: Section 18, RA 8792; Section 24, 25, 26 and 27, RA 8792 IRROriginator: Section 5 (h), RA 8792; Section 6 (a), RA 8792 IRRAddressee: Section 5 (a), RA 8792; Section 6 (l), RA 8792 IRRIntermediary: Section 5 (g), RA 8792; Section 6 (j), RA 8792 IRR

Dispatch and Receipt: Acknowledgment of receipt: Section 20, RA 8792; Section 30, RA 8792 IRRTime of dispatch: Section 21, RA 8792; Section 31, RA 8792 IRRTime of receipt: Section 22, RA 8792; Section 32, RA 8792 IRRPlace of dispatch and receipt: Section 23, RA 8792; Section 33, RA 8792 IRR

Separate receipt and error:Error: Section 19, RA 8792; Section 29, RA 8792 IRRAssumption in separate data messages: Section 28, RA 8792 IRR

Security methods: Section 22, RA 8792; Section 34, RA 8792 IRRTeleconferencing:

SEC Memorandum Circular No. 15, series of 2001: http://www.sec.gov.ph/circulars/cy,2001/mc/SEC-Memo-15.htm

Case(s):f. Expertravel & Tours Inc. vs. Court of Appeals, etc., GR 152392, 26 May

2005; Second Division, Callero Sr. [J]: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2005/may2005/gr_152392_2005.html

5. Service ProvidersDefinition: Section 5 (i), RA 8792; Section 6 (n), RA 8792 IRRExtent of liability: Section 30, RA 8792; Section 44, RA 8792 IRR

6. Lawful Access: Section 31, RA 8792; Sections 45 and 46, RA 8792 IRR

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Obligation of confidentiality: Section 32, RA 8792; Section 47, RA 8792 IRR

7. HackingDefinition: Article 33 (a), RA 8792; Section 48, RA 8792 IRRSee also: Rule 3.i. (K), Implementing Rules and Regulations, RA 9160 (AMLA). http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9160irr_2001.html

Related Laws: RA 9160, as amended by RA 9194: http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9160_2001.html and http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2003/ra_9194_2003.html

Case(s):Re: 2003 Bar Examinations, BM 1222, 4 February 2004; En Banc, Per Curiam: http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2004/feb2004/bm_1222_2004.html

“Phreaking”Case(s):g. Laurel vs. Abrogar, GR 155076, 27 February 2006 (First Division, Callejo

Sr. [J]): http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2006/feb2006/gr_155076_2006.html

h. Laurel vs. Abrogar, GR 155076, 13 January 2009 (Resolution En Banc, Ynares-Santiago [J]): http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2009/jan2009/gr_155076_2009.html

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Technology and the Law, Arellano University School of LawAtty. Michael Vernon Guerrero Mendiola

Draft Guide, Part 2A (2010)

II. Intellectual Property Law

A. Sources and finding tools

1. Laws and Issuances* Republic Act 8293, 6 June 1997 for 1 January 1998.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1997/ra_8293_1997.html* Republic Act 9150, 6 August 2001.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2001/ra_9150_2001.html* Republic Act 9502, 6 June 2008.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2008/ra_9502_2008.html2. Related Laws

* Republic Act 8203, 5 September 1996.* Republic Act 8792, 14 June 2000.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2000/ra_8792_2000.html* Republic Act 9168, 7 June 2002.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2002/ra_9168_2002.html* Republic Act 9239, 10 February 2004.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2004/ra_9239_2004.html3. Historical Background (Patents, Trademarks, Copyright)

a. Patents, etc.* Republic Act 165, 20 June 1947.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1947/ra_165_1947.html* Act 2793* Act 2235

b. Trademarks, etc.* Republic Act 166, 20 June 1947.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra1947/ra_166_1947.html* Act 3202, 3 December 1924* Act 3070, 16 March 1917 * Act 666, 6 March 1903

c. Copyright* Presidential Decree 1988, 5 October 1985.* Presidential Decree 285, 3 September 1973.

http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1973/pd_285_1973.html

* Presidential Decree 49, 14 November 1972 . http://www.lawphil.net/statutes/presdecs/pd1972/pd_49_1972.html

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* Act 31344. Conventions and Treaties

* Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property [Paris: 20 March 1883; PH acceded 27 September 1965]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/paris/trtdocs_wo020.html

* Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure [Budapest, 28 April 1977; PH acceded 21 October 1981]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/budapest/trtdocs_wo002.html

* Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) [Washington, 18 June 1970; PH acceded 17 August 2001]: http://www.wipo.int/pct/en/texts/articles/atoc.htm

* Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works (Berne) [Berne: 1886; PH acceded 1 August 1951]. http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/berne/trtdocs_wo001.html

* Universal Copyright Convention (UCC Geneva) [Geneva: 6 September 1952; PH acceded 19 November 1955] http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15381&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

* Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) [Marrakech, Morocco: 15 April 1994; PH acceded 1 January 1995]. http://www.wto.org/english/docs_e/legal_e/27-trips_01_e.htm

* WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT) [Geneva: 20 December 1996; PH acceded 4 October 2002]. http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wct/trtdocs_wo033.html

* Rome Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations [Rome: 26 October 1961; PH acceded 25 September 1984]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/rome/trtdocs_wo024.html

* WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT) [Geneva: 20 December 1996; PH acceded 4 October 2002]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/wppt/trtdocs_wo034.html

5. Related Conventions and Treaties* Patent Law Treaty [Geneva: 1 June 2000]:

http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/plt/trtdocs_wo038.html * Hague Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Industrial

Designs [includes at least four Acts]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/hague/

* Washington Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits (not yet in force): http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/washington/trtdocs_wo011.html

* Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration [Lisbon: 31 October 1958]: http://www.wipo.int/lisbon/en/legal_texts/lisbon_agreement.htm

* Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks [Madrid: 14 April 1891]:

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http://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/legal_texts/trtdocs_wo015.html; also Protocol Relating to the Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/madrid_protocol/

* Trademark Law Treaty [Geneva: 27 October 1994]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/tlt/trtdocs_wo027.html

* Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/singapore/singapore_treaty.html

* Madrid Agreement for the Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods [Madrid: 14 April 1891]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/madrid/trtdocs_wo032.html

* Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol [Nairobi, Kenya: 26 September 1981]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/nairobi/trtdocs_wo018.html

* Convention for the Protection of Producers of Phonograms Against Unauthorized Duplication of Their Phonograms [29 October 1971; PH signed 29 April 1972]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/phonograms/trtdocs_wo023.html

* Brussels Convention Relating to the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Transmitted by Satellite [Brussels: 21 May 1974]: http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ip/brussels/trtdocs_wo025.html

* Universal Copyright Convention (UCC Paris) [Paris: 24 July 1971] http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=15241&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

B. Content Proper

1. PatentsPatentable Inventions: Section 21, RA 8293

Novelty: Section 23, RA 8293Prior Art: Section 24, RA 8293Non-Prejudicial Disclosure: Section 25, RA 8293

Inventive Step: Section 26, RA 8293; Section 6, RA 9502 Industrial applicability: Section 27, RA 8293

Non-Patentable Inventions: Section 22, RA 8293; Section 5, RA 9502

To whom right pertains: Sections 28-31, RA 8293Remedies: Sections 67-68, RA 8293

Term of protection: Section 54, RA 8293Fees: Section 55, RA 8293

Extent of protection: Section 75, RA 8293Rights conferred: Section 71, RA 8293; Section 107, RA 8293 (Joint)Transmission of rights and assignment: Sections 103 and 104,

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RA 8293Form and record: Sections 105 and 106, RA 8293

Limitations of Patent Rights: Section 72 RA 8293; Section 8, RA 9502Prior user: Section 73, RA 8293

Use of government: Section 74, RA 8293 (see also compulsory licensing)

Relief: Section 9, RA 9502 (Section 76, RA 8293, as amended); Section 77-84, RA 8293

LicensingVoluntary

Contract: Section 85, RA 8293Prohibited clauses: Section 87, RA 8293Mandatory provisions: Section 88, RA 8293Rights of parties: Sections 89-90, RA 8293

CompulsoryGrounds: Section 93, RA 8293; Section 10, RA 9502Period to file: Section 94, RA 8293; Section 12, RA 9502Requirement to obtain license on reasonable commercial

terms: Section 95, RA 8293; Section 13, RA 9502Specifics

Procedures on Issuance of a Special Compulsory License under the TRIPS Agreement for patented drugs and medicine: Section 11, RA 9502 (now Section 93-A, RA 8293)

Compulsory Licensing of Patents Involving Semi-Conductor Technology : Section 96, RA 8293

Compulsory License Based on Interdependence of Patents: Section 97, RA 8293

Terms and conditions: Section 100, RA 8293Amendment, cancellation, surrender: Section 101, RA

8293Licensee's exemption from liability: Section 102, RA 8293

Utility ModelRequirements: Sections 109.1 and 109.2, RA 8293Term of protection: Section 109.3, RA 8293Applicability of other provisions: Section 108, RA 8293 (see also special

provision under Section 109.4, RA 8293)Conversion of application, non-parallel application: Sections 109 and

110, RA 8293

Industrial Design, Integrated Circuit, Layout-DesignDefinitions: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 112, RA 8293, as amended)

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Preconditions: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 113, RA 8293, as amended)Term of protection: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 118, RA 8293, as

amended)Applicability of other provisions: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 119, RA

8293, as amended)Rights conferred:

Layout-Design: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 119.4, RA 8293, as amended)

Limitations:Layout-Design: Section 1, RA 9150 (Section 119.5, RA 8293, as

amended)

TrademarksDefinitions (mark, collective mark, tradename): Sections 121.1, 121.2, 121.3,

RA 8293Registrability: Section 123, RA 8293

Non-Use: Section 124.2, RA 8293 (see also Section 151.1, RA 8293)When excused: Section 152, RA 8293

Duration: Section 125, RA 8293Rights conferred: Section 147, RA 8293; Section 14, RA 9502

Assignment and transfer: Section 149, RA 8293License: Section 150, RA 8293

Use of Indications by Third Parties for Purposes Other than those for which the Mark is Used: Section 148, RA 8293

Use of trade names: Section 165, RA 8293Infringing marks in goods: Section 166, RA 8293

RemediesInfringement: Sections 155-158, and 170, RA 8293

Limitations to Actions for Infringement: Section 159, RA 8293; Section 15, RA 9502

False and fraudulent declarations: Section 162, RA 8293Unfair competition: Sections 168 and 170, RA 8293 (Note, Articles 188

and 189, RPC [Act 3815] repealed via Section 239, RA 8293)False Designations of Origin; False Description or Representation:

Sections 169 and 170, RA 8293

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