Günter Wagner, LIWACOMZdeněk Vostrý, Simone Research Group

Heat Effects in Gas Systems

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Contents

• Internal Energy, Heat and Work

• Joule-Thomson Effect

• Friction

• Heat Transfer

• Aftercooling

• Hydrate Formation

• Hydrocarbon Condensation

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Internal Energy and Temperature

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Compression Work Adds Heat

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Expansion Work Extracts Heat

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Why does the Temperature Drop?

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

. . . The Joule-Thomson Effect !

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

The Test Pipeline

95 barg40 °C

95 barg

200 km / 1000 mm

Fuel Gas

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Friction

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Friction

Assumptions:-> No Heat Transfer-> No Joule-Thomson Effect

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Heat Transfer

GasTemperature

Undisturbed SoilTemperature

Heat Flow9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Pipeline Temperature Profile

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

km 176

Aftercooling Increases Capacity

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Aftercooling Increases Efficiency

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

Hydrate Formation

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

km 153

Hydrocarbon Condensation

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia

km 103

km 0

km 200

Conclusions

9th SIMONE Congress, October 15-17, 2008, Dubrovnik, Croatia