Guangya Yang

Center for Electric Power and EnergyDepartment of Electrical EngineeringTechnical University of Denmark

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–– Fault-ride-through capability – Must run is expensive

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Station Area kV Mvar Year

Bjæverskov DK2 400 270 2013

Herslev DK2 400 200 2014

Fraugde DK1 400 200 2014

• 7 synchronous condensers in DK • 3 recent synchronous condensers

supplied by Siemens• Short circuit power

– BJS(2013) >800 MVA;– FGD/HKS (2014) > 1000 MVA;

• Reactive power compensation – -150/215 Mvar (BJS)– -120/180 Mvar (FGD/HKS)

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8

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TJE

GER

NJVB2,3

NVV

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Sweden

VHA

TRI

MKS SSVB3,4

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ENVB3

EDR

ESVB3

FVO

~

FYVB7

FGDLAG

SHE

SVS

VKE

REV

KAS

~

FER

SKVB3

AHA

22/0.69 kV

VW

HRA, B

0.69/22 kV

VW

VSC-HVDC Link

VdcB

Rectifier InverterA B

~Norway

VSC-HVDC Link

VSC-HVDC Link

VdcB

Rectifier InverterA B

~Netherland

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~SC2

SC1

SC3

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CE GB IRE NE

Standard frequency range

± 50 mHz ± 200 mHz

± 200 mHz

± 100 mHz

Maximum instantaneous frequency deviation

± 800 mHz

± 800 mHz

± 1000 mHz

± 1000 mHz

Maximum steady-state frequency deviation

200 mHz 500 mHz 500 mHz 500 mHz

Time to recover frequency

N/A 1 minute 1 minute N/A

10

48,40

48,60

48,80

49,00

49,20

49,40

49,60

49,80

K=20 K=10 K=5

Frequency nadir with different K

WO WF

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K 20 K 10 K 5

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0

50

100

150

200

250

WF=0 MW WF=150 MW WF=300 MW WF=520 MW

System inertia (100MWs) with different WF level

•– Positive sequence only with current limit;

•– Both positive and negative sequence SRFs with current limit;

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-0.0628 -0.05 -0.025 0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.0872

-2

-1.33333

-0.66667

0

0.66667

1.33333

2

p.u

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IA IB IC

-0.06567 -0.05 -0.025 0 0.025 0.05 0.075 0.08433

-2

-1.33333

-0.66667

0

0.66667

1.33333

2

p.u

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IA IB IC CurrentLim

-0.03863 -0.01959 0 0.01959 0.03919 0.05878 0.07837

-2

-1

0

1

2

p.u

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IA IB IC CurrentLim

-0.03758 -0.01959 0 0.01959 0.03919 0.05878 0.07837

-2

-1

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1

2

p.u

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IA IB IC CurrentLim

'' 1.25kMAXI pu

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-0.06504 -0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333

-2

-1.33333

-0.66667

0

0.66667

1.33333

2

p.u.

IAH IBH ICH SL1

-0.06504 -0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333

-100

16.667

133.333

250

366.667

483.333

600

MW

or M

var

P_HVDC Q_HVDC

-0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333

-100

16.667

133.333

250

366.667

483.333

600

MW

or M

var

P_HVDC Q_HVDC

-0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333

-2

-1.33333

-0.66667

0

0.66667

1.33333

2

p.u.

IAH IBH ICH SL1

-0.05615 -0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333

-100

16.667

133.333

250

366.667

483.333

600

MW

or M

var

P_HVDC Q_HVDC

-0.05615 -0.03333 0 0.03333 0.06667 0.1 0.13333

-2

-1.33333

-0.66667

0

0.66667

1.33333

2

p.u.

IAH IBH ICH SL1

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Hardware

Simulation

RTDS (Grid and synchronous

condenser models )

Communication Interface

Synchronous condenser automatic voltage regulator and

protection system

Communication and amplification Interface

Extract signals from simulation

to physical

Control and protection

signals

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[1] Transmission and Distribution Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, IEEE Guide forPlanning DC Links Terminating at AC Locations Having Low Short-Circuit Capacities, IEEE Std 1204-1997,ISBN 1-55937-936-7.

SCRi 3

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EDR FER IDU MAL TRI0

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400kV bus-bars

Sho

rt C

ircui

t Rat

io S

CR

n=2 (c(x) 0 bus EDR) mod.2012n=2 (c(x) 0 bus IDU) mod.2012n=3 mod.2012n=4 mod.2012only Wind mod.2012

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