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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF

INDUSTRIALENGINEERING

DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


MULTI-COUPLED NUMERICALANALYSIS OF ADVANCED LEAN BURNINJECTIONSYSTEMS

A. Andreini, C. Bianchini,

G. Caciolli, B. Facchini, A.Giu!i

F. Turrini

De"!. o# Indu!rialEn$ineerin$

Uni%eri!& o# Florence

ITAL'

coi(o.)ianchini*h!c.de.uni+.i!

Co()u!ion S&!e(

A%io Aero

ITAL'#a)io.!urrini*a%ioaero.co(

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Preen!a!ion ou!line• In!roduc!ion

– Con!e!

– O)-ec!i%e

• De%elo"(en! o# nu(erical !ool – Mul!icou"led a""roach

– Pri(ar& )rea/u" (odel

• A""lica!ion !o a real cae – Si(ula!ion 0i!hou! +l( (odellin$

– Si(ula!ion 0i!h !he de%elo"ed !ool

• Concluion

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NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Con!e!• Aeroen$ine co()u!or• S!rin$en! re$ula!ion on

"ollu!an! e(iion – ICAOCAEP !andard

– ACARE 4iion 1515• Reduc!ion o# CO1 e(iion 6758 )&

15159

• En$ine con!ri)u!ion :78158

• Reduc!ion o# NO e(iion 6;58 )&15159

• Reduc!ion o# oo! e(iion

• De%elo"(en! o# !echnolo$& #oral!erna!i%e #uel

• De%elo"(en! o# lean )urn!echnolo$& – Te("era!ure con!rol in !he

co()u!or "ri(ar&

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Con!e!• The )eha%ior o# !he

co()u!or !ron$l&de"end on !he =a(e!ruc!ure

– Con!rol o# !he air#uel (i!ure>uali!&

– Li>uid #uel "re"ara!ion•

Ra"id e%a"ora!ion and (iin$• More ho(o$eneou air#uel

(i!ure

– Ad%anced in-ec!ion &!e(• Baed on "re+l(in$ air)la!

con+$ura!ion

h!!"?22000.dei$n0orldonline.co(2ar!icle2@5@2:52Par/erAero"aceA0ardedRollRo&ceSu""liero#!he'ear#orGaTur)ine.a"

h!!"?22000.+r!""ro-ec!.eu2$aller&.h!(

@213

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Con!e!• Re#erence cae

– PERM in-ec!ion &!e(• Main in-ec!ion? "re+l(in$ air)la!

a!o(i

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

O)-ec!i%e• De%elo"(en! o# nu(erical !ool #or !he anal&i o#

ad%anced air)la! in-ec!ion &!e(? – To )e ued in !&"ical RANS 6URANS9 indu!rial calcula!ion

– I("ro%e !he relia)ili!& o# !he "redic!ion o# li>uid #uel"re"ara!ion

Li>uid +l( e%olu!ion

Dro"le!2+l( in!erac!ion

Ga"hae2+l( in!erac!ion

Fil( "ri(ar& a!o(i

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Fil( ol%er• Main au("!ion

– Thin +l( a""roi(a!ion

– Solu!ion o# !he coner%a!ion e>ua!ionin !er( o# de"!ha%era$ed >uan!i!ie

• In!erac!ion 0i!h dro"le! and $a"hae – Source !er( in !he +l( e>ua!ion

– Source !er( in !he $a"hae e>ua!ion

– Boundar& condi!ion 6$a"hae %eloci!&9

– I("in$e(en! and dro"le! e"ara!ion

• Sin$le la&er (eh – O)!ained )& e!rudin$ $a"hae (eh

)oundarie

– Li>uid +l( can )e "redic!ed onl& o%er olidur#ace

– The in!er#ace i no! reol%ed

Dro"le!0all2+l(

in!erac!ion

Sur#ace hear!re,

"reure

Pri(ar&)rea/u"

SPRA'6La$ran$iana""roach9

Sur#ace%eloci!&,

e%a"ora!ion

GASPASE6Euleriana""roach9

LIUID FILM6Bai Go(ana""roach9

Pheno(ena rela!ed !o!he de%elo"(en! o#in!a)ili!ie a! !hein!er#ace )e!0een li>uid+l( and $a"haere>uire dedica!ed

(odellin$213

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

4alida!ion o# !he +l( ol%er• Li!era!ure !e! cae

– Preure $radien!

– Fil( load

– De+ne a "ro"er (odellin$ o# ur#acehear !re a! !he in!er#ace )e!0eenli>uid +l( and $a"hae

U$,in 15(2

U$,in 15(2

– E>ui%alen! and $rain rou$hne#unc!ion o# !he +l( !hic/ne

» E"reion #or J !a/en #ro(!he 0or/ o# E)ner e! al.

REF? E)ner e! al. 6155@9 Pro$re inCo("u!a!ional Fluid D&na(ic, 4ol. @, No37.

REF? P. Sho)er, K. E)ner, O Sha#er, S. i!!i$,

E"eri(en!al S!ud& on !he Eec! o# aS!ron$ Ne$a!i%e Preure Gradien! on aSheardri%e Li>uid Fuel Fil( ICLASS53615539

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Pri(ar& )rea/u" (echani(•

Recen! e"eri(en!al o)er%a!ion in"re+l(in$ "lanar a!o(iuid +l( accu(ula!ion

– For(a!ion o# )u))le !ruc!ure

– Bur! o# )a$li/e !ruc!ure (all dro"le!

– Fra$(en!a!ion o# )u))le ri( lar$e dro"le!

– Brea/u" len$!h

• O"en >ue!ion? – Eec! o# +l( !hic/ne and a!o(i

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Pri(ar& )rea/u" (odel

• So(e re(ar/? – Li>uid +l( i ol%ed on a

ur#ace (eh o)!ained #ro(e!ruion o# 0all )oundarie

• No+l( olu!ion do0n!rea( o#

!he a!o(i

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Pri(ar& )rea/u" (odel

:. Co("u!a!ion o# in-ec!ionloca!ion?

– T0o a%aila)le (odellin$?• Cri!erion )aed on $eo(e!ric

cur%a!ure• De+ni!ion o# an ou!le!

)oundar&

–

Thi i no! !he ac!ualin-ec!ion loca!ion• A )rea/u" len$!h i added

1. Separation based on geometriccurvature

2. Separation based on an outletboundary

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DIEF

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Pri(ar& )rea/u" (odel1. Co("u!a!ion o# dro"le! charac!eri!ic a#!er "ri(ar& )rea/u"?

– Li>uid +l( olu!ion %eloci!&, !e("era!ure and (a =o0

– Dia(e!er o# "arcel• Correla!ion

– Baed on dieren! re#erence len$!h

– Ran$e o# a""lica!ion de"enden! on da!a ued #or cali)ra!ion

• Theore!ical (odel? – Ma!he(a!ical decri"!ion o# li>uid +l( in!a)ili!ie

– Do()ro0/i and Kohn?

» SMD co("u!a!ion )aed on +l( !hic/ne

– Senecal e! al. (odel?

» i("ro%e(en! !o !he "re%iou (odel

– Ina(ura e! al. (odel?

» li$a(en! #or(a!ion )aed on $ro0!h o# in!a)ili!ie alon$

!he "re+l(er ur#ace 6no! con+r(ed in e"eri(en!9

– Modi+ed Senecal e! al. (odel?

» a!o(i

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

4alida!ion o# "ri(ar& )rea/u" (odel• PERM in-ec!ion &!e( a!

a!(o"heric condi!ion uin$ 0a!er – All !he 0a!er in-ec!ed !hrou$h !he

"reure a!o(i

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DIEF

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

4alida!ion o# "ri(ar& )rea/u" (odel• Reul!?

– Cu(ula!i%e (a =u• Co("arion )e!0een dieren!

in-ec!ion !ra!e$ie.

– Undere!i(a!ion o# dro"le!"readin$?

• Ad%anced !ur)ulen! di"erion(odel are re>uired

• In!rinic =o0 un!eadine

– In-ec!ion loca!ion could aec!dro"le! e%olu!ion a#!er in-ec!ion.

!n&ection inthe primary

'ow ()

*enteredin&ection (*)

Split in&ection (S)

The ne0 "ri(ar& )rea/u"(odel in!roduced in !hireearch allo0 u !o relia)l&re"reen! dro"le! "o"ula!iona#!er )rea/u"

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

A""lica!ion• Geo(e!r& and co("u!a!ional e!u"

– PERM in a !u)ular co()u!or con+$ura!ion

– Three dieren! o"era!in$ condi!ion

– /ω SST !ur)ulence (odel

– EDC co()u!ion (odel

– S"ra& (odel• Bor(an and Kohnon : e%a"ora!ion (odel

• TAB econdar& )rea/u" (odel

• S!ocha!ic !ur)ulen! di"erion

• Bai e! al. 1 (odel #or dro"le! i("ac!

• Pilo! in-ec!ion? hollo0 cone in-ec!or

: Bor(an and Kohnon6:9, SAE "a"er, 7;C.

1 Bai e! al. 615519A!o(i

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

A""lica!ion• 4alida!ion o# cold =o0 olu!ion

– E"eri(en! "er#or(ed a! a()ien!"reure and !e("era!ure

– S>uare dichar$e duc!

– Preure dro" on in-ec!or e! !o 3.7 8

– PI4 (eaure(en! on !he &((e!r& "lane

– Full 3D CFD (odel o)!ain >ui!e $ooda$re(een!

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

A""lica!ion• Reul!?

– 4or!e )rea/do0n !ruc!ure 6!&"ical o#0irl !a)ili

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

A""lica!ion• Reul!? O"enFOAM % CF 6Cae :, 0i!hou! +l(

(odellin$9 – General $ood a$ree(en!

– Sli$h! under"redic!ion o# "arcel e%a"ora!ion ra!e in O"enFOAM

P(%5* 1 P(%5* 2

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

A""lica!ion• Reul!? olu!ion 0i!h +l(

(odellin$

– Li>uid +l( e%olu!ion?

• Seni!i%i!& anal&i !o dieren! inle! condi!ion.

• A&("!o!ic )eha%iour o# +l( !hic/ne and +l(%eloci!& a! !he ou!le! )oundar&

– Dro"le! i("in$e(en!

• S"read

• S"lah

– Fil( e%a"ora!ion

– Increae o# li>uid +l( !e("era!ure

• ea! !ran#er

• Dro"le! ador"!ion

• A)ou! 17 J in Cae :

• More !han 75 J in Cae 3

–

i$her air !e("era!ure1:213

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

A""lica!ion•

Reul!? olu!ion 0i!h +l( (odellin$ – Li>uid +l( )rea/u"? dro"le! SMD µ(

– Co("le eec! in !he do0n!rea( re$ion?• E%a"ora!ion

• Secondar& )rea/u"

– Co("arion)e!0een dieren!in-ec!ion !ra!e$ie

!n&ection in the

primary 'ow()

*enteredin&ection (*)

Split in&ection (S)

C%"*1

C%"*2

C%"*@

Indu!rial correla!ion 71 1; 15

Do()ro0/i and Kohn

(odel

3@ 1@ :

Modi+ed Senecal e! al.Model

:15 7 7

Ina(ura e! al. Model :33 ;3

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Concluion•

A (ul!icou"led ol%er #or !he anal&i o# ad%anced "re+l(in$air)la! in-ec!or ha )een de%elo"ed in !he #ra(e0or/ o# O"enFOAM – EulerianLa$ran$ian a""roach #or "ra& (odellin$

– Thin Li>uid +l( ol%er

– Pri(ar& )rea/u" (odel #or li>uid +l(

• 4alida!ion o# nu(erical !ool a$ain! e"eri(en!al da!a #ro(li!era!ure !e! cae – In!er#ace e>ui%alen! rou$hne

– A!o(i

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


MULTI-COUPLED NUMERICALANALYSIS OF ADVANCED LEAN BURNINJECTIONSYSTEMS

A. Andreini, C. Bianchini,

G. Caciolli, B. Facchini, A.Giu!i

F. Turrini

De"!. o# Indu!rialEn$ineerin$

Uni%eri!& o# Florence

ITAL'coi(o.)ianchini*h!c.de.uni+.i!

Co()u!ion S&!e(

A%io Aero

ITAL'#a)io.!urrini*a%ioaero.co(

Than/ &ou #or &oura!!en!ion

DIEF

DIEF

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

S"ra& ol%er•

EulerianLa$ran$ian ol%er #orreac!in$ "ra& – S!ead&!a!e #or(ula!ion?

• Dilu!e "ra&.

• T0o0a& cou"lin$.

• Parcel.

– Trac/in$ o# a !a!i!icall&re"reen!a!i%e "o"ula!ion o#"arcel.

– I("le(en!a!ion o# u"!oda!e(odel #or in!erac!ion )e!0eendro"le! and $a"hae?

• E%a"ora!ion.

• Secondar& )rea/u".

– 4alida!ion 0i!h li!era!ure !e!cae.

αP

Dilu!e

"ra&

:0a&cou"lin$

10a&cou"lin$

@0a&cou"lin$

Dene

"ra&

:5 :5 :57 :5@

:53 :51

:5:

In!er"ar!icle "acin$L2d:55 :5

τ%2

τ/

ne$li$i)le eec!

on!ur)ulenc

e

"ar!icleenhance"roduc!io

n

"ar!icleenhancedii"a!i

on

:55

Pri(ar&)rea/u"(odel

17213

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

4alida!ion o# !he +l( ol%er• T0o dieren! !e! cae

– Preure $radien!

– Fil( load and "reure $radien!

– Good a$ree(en! 0i!h e"eri(en!

REF? P. Sho)er, K. E)ner, O Sha#er, S. i!!i$,E"eri(en!al S!ud& on !he Eec! o# a S!ron$Ne$a!i%e Preure Gradien! on a Sheardri%eLi>uid Fuel Fil(ICLASS53 615:39

1213

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DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


DIEFDEPARTMENT OF


NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Be#ore !hi reearch

• 4er& i("le a""roache #or air)la! in-ec!ori(ula!ion? – No li>uid +l(.

– E>ui%alen! in-ec!or a! !he a!o(iuid +l( "re%a"ori

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DEPARTMENT OFINDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING


ENGINEERING

NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Ae(en! and %alida!ion•

4alida!ion o# !he !ead&!a!e "ra&ol%er

– TEST:? io!her(al 0irlin$ "ar!icula!e !0o"hae =o0

"?$(*'?

F(,""'#$5/#%(* %$

#%$/(*"

P%5 +",$%

8++

1++

Ga"hae %eloci!&? 6a9 6c9 Mean aial %eloci!&, 6)9 6d9 Mean !an$en!ial %eloci!&.

Par!icle %eloci!&? 6a9 6c9 Mean aial %eloci!&, 6)9 6d9 Mean !an$en!ial %eloci!&.

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ENGINEERING


ENGINEERING

NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

Ae(en! and %alida!ion•

4alida!ion o# !he !ead&!a!e "ra&ol%er

– TEST3? e%a"ora!in$ ace!one "ra& 6S&dne&)urner9

• Good a$ree(en! 0i!he"eri(en! in !er( o#radial "ro+le o# %olu(e=u and SMD.

REF? S!arner, S. ., Gounder, K., andMari, A. R., 1557. *ombustion and+lame, vol. :@3, "". @15V@31.

The !ead&!a!e "ra&ol%er i a)le !o "ro"erl&"redic! !he (aincharac!eri!ic o# "ra&

d&na(ic in aeroen$ineco()u!or. 1213

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ENGINEERING


ENGINEERING

NCHINI – GT2014-26808 JUNE 1! 2014

In !he #u!ure • E"loi!a!ion o# !he de%elo"ed a""roach in

ad%anced !i(ereol%ed a""roache 6LES9. – I("ro%e !he "redic!ion o# dro"le! "readin$.

– Be!!er re"reen!a!ion o# !he =a(e !ruc!ure.

• More ini$h! in!o !he )rea/u" (echani( in

real co()u!or con+$ura!ion. – E"eri(en!.

– Ad%anced nu(erical a""roache 64OF2le%ele!9a)le !o ol%e !he in!er#ace.

• Ad%anced nu(erical (e!hod are !ill #ar

#ro( a""lica!ion in indu!rialcon+$ura!ion? – i$h co("u!a!ional co!.

• Poi)le e"loi!a!ion o# !he de%elo"ed !ool

in !her(oacou!ic anal&i.35213

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ENGINEERING


ENGINEERING

NCHINI

Con!e!

h!!"?22000.+r!""ro-ec!.eu2$aller&.h!(

A relia)le"redic!ion o# li>uid#uel "re"ara!ionre>uire a "ro"erdecri"!ion o# !he(o! i("or!an!in!erac!ion.

• The "h&ic re$ula!in$ !he )eha%ior o#!he PERM in-ec!or i %er& co("le andcharac!eri

gt2014-26808

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