G/T SeminarG/T Seminar

Sometimes you just have to take the leap, and build your wings on the way down.

–Kobi Yamada

AgendaAgendaJournalsProduct PossibilitiesDrafting a Research PlanOral PresentationsAdministrative Items Open AgendaMentor Experience

JournalsJournals

Purpose : To share with the mentor and Mr. Eckert what you have learned and experienced during the quarter.

Intern- Mentor Intern- Mentor Cluster Group Cluster Group Oral PresentationsOral Presentations

Career ClustersHoward County High SchoolsBe on time: no later than 2:50 p.m.Presentation time: 4- 5 minutesPrepare and rehearse

Evaluation – Read the Evaluation – Read the Evaluation sheet carefullyEvaluation sheet carefully

IntroductionBodyConclusionDeliveryVisual Aid – use visuals, not wordsImpactNext slides: a sample cluster

presentation

What’s your favorite?What’s your favorite?

Behind the Camera:Behind the Camera:How to create a successful How to create a successful

Photography Business Photography Business

Rachel George

GT Intern/Mentor Program

Mentor: Pam Long

Pam Long Photography

What will we be talking about What will we be talking about today?today?

The Internship — What I do at Pam Long Photography

The Experience — What I’ve learned in both business and photography

The Product — How I wrapped up everything I learned

About PamAbout Pam

My mentor!

Owner of Pam Long Photography, a portrait photography studio in Ellicott City

The Internship The Internship — — Assist in ShootsAssist in Shoots

The InternshipThe Internship — Retouching— Retouching

Brooke’s Original Yearbook Photograph

Brooke’s Final Yearbook Photograph

The InternshipThe Internship — Blogging— Blogging

The ExperienceThe Experience — Business — Business

Cross-linking

Keywords

Update often!

File names

The ProductThe Product

Magazine article

Interviews from four successful portrait photographers

Submitted to Professional Photographer Magazine

The ProductThe Product

Dec. Dec. In-House In-House PresentationPresentation(This is separate from your (This is separate from your Dec. Dec. ClusterCluster presentation) presentation)

Share what you are doing with fellow students

12-15 minutes long (8 mins. on your experience, 4 mins. on the class)

Signed form regarding date, time, and place due to me

Schedule it between Dec 11th and -19th. Try to avoid last day if possible

Use pics of you at site, use visualsNobody else is doing this stuff!

Preliminary Research PlanPreliminary Research Plan

PurposeAuthentic AudienceQualityNovelty of the Research & ProductSpecial Considerations for the ProjectHow will the Final Research/Product be

Presented?

Drafting a Research PlanDrafting a Research PlanCan you obtain access to the research resources

you need, given the constraints posed by your age, transportation, your schedule (7:30-2:10) and after school commitments?

Have you limited your goals, product and audience?

Are you addressing a problem that really needs a solution or attempting to answer a question of concern for an audience other than yourself and your teacher.

Do you really have access to the Do you really have access to the audienceaudience you have in mind? you have in mind?

How will you deliver your product to your audience? Will you drive there? Will you publish an article? Will you make a speech to a specific audience such as the

teachers at your school you are interning at? If so, how will you convince them to come hear you?

Why should they? What time of day is best, and what space would you need to

reserve? Who has the authority to help you reserve space? “Interested People” or “the world” are not real audiences.

Mentor/Adviser Role?Mentor/Adviser Role?

What is the primary role of the mentor or adviser in this process?

How will the mentor or adviser be consulted during the research process?

Product PossibilitiesProduct Possibilities Design a web page Write a book Develop a collection Design a structure Design and conduct an

experiment Submit writings to a journal,

magazine or newspaper Formulate and defend a theory Conduct a training session Collect and analyze samples Present to a proposal to a board

of directors/government agency

Design a new product Develop a museum exhibit Write or produce a play Film a movie Develop an advertising

campaign Produce a video documentary Compile a booklet/brochure Draw a set of blueprints Design and implement a

process or seminar Compile and annotate a set of

internet resources

Research Types and Design

Determining the best fit for your original research

A scientific or scholarly

investigation to gain

knowledge, make decisions,

solve problems, explain

occurrences, or improve the

quality of life.

What is Research?What is Research?

Primary research…involves the collection of data that did not previously exist.– The research collects data through surveys,

interviews, observations, etc.

Secondary research…is generally the summary, collection, or synthesis of other research.– Much like you are doing in your annotated sources

and for your paper.

Primary vs. Secondary Primary vs. Secondary ResearchResearch

Qualitative research involves: the collection of narrative data to gain

insights into phenomena of interest.

the intense collection of data over a period

of time, in a naturalistic setting, without trying to control the events.

understanding how people make sense and meaning out of their lives.

What is “Qualitative What is “Qualitative Research”?Research”?

Qualitative researchers: feel that human behavior is always bound to the

context in which it occurs; therefore, behavior must be studied holistically, in context, rather than being manipulated

employ an “insider’s” perspective, which makes it an intensely personal and subjective style of research.

Qualitative Research Cont’dQualitative Research Cont’d

Ethnography: study of the common practices or beliefs of a culture, group or other community

Historical research: describes events, settings of the past in an attempt to better understand them

Case study research: in-depth analysis of a single, restricted entity

Descriptive research: a systematic description of a situation, group or individual. Most is done through case and field studies of groups/individuals

Approaches to Qualitative ResearchApproaches to Qualitative Research

Systematic collection and evaluation of data to describe causes, effects, or trends that may help to explain present events and anticipate future events.

Can tell us about what worked, as well as what was ineffective or not feasible. Clarifies, corrects or expands our existing knowledge.

Historical ResearchHistorical Research(Qualitative)

Allows us to see how events in the past might be applicable to present-day problems and concerns.

Assists in predicting how present day plans may work…or fail

Permits us to better understand present-day practices and policies by placing them in a historical context.

Historical ResearchHistorical Research(Qualitative)

Historical Research

PurposeSearch for facts relating to questions about the past, and the interpretation of these facts. By

studying the past, the historian is trying to achieve a better understanding of present

institutes, practices, and issues.

MethodologyFinding data

through a search of historical

sources such as diaries, official documents, and

relics. Historians use primary and secondary sources.

QuestionsIn what way has

this school changed since it was built? What part did our town play in the war?

How do jump rope jingles today

compare to the past?

Types of StudiesCause and Effect

PerspectivesChanges

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Examples: How have methods for locating

missing persons evolved over the last 100 years?

How has the role of the mother in the nuclear family changed in the 20th century?

Was the claim true that the U.S. moon landing was a hoax?

Historical ResearchHistorical Research

Quantitative research involves: the collection and analysis of numerical data to gain

insights into how one variable influences other variables

the attempt to tightly control the variable in question to see how other variables are influenced.

What is “Quantitative Research”?What is “Quantitative Research”?

Quantitative researchers:

argue that both the natural/physical sciences and social sciences (such as education and training) strive for testable and confirmable theories that explain phenomena by showing how they are derived from theoretical assumption.

What is “Quantitative Research”?What is “Quantitative Research”?

Descriptive research

Correlational research

Experimental research

Quasi-Experimental research

Causal-Comparative research

Approaches to Quantitative Approaches to Quantitative ResearchResearch

Involves collecting numerical data to test hypotheses or answer questions concerning current issues or what is happening NOW; some researchers use it to look for patterns in change over time.

Involves data collection by surveying, observing (case studies) and interviewing.

Often requires the creation of an instrument since the researcher is looking for new knowledge (i.e. questionnaire).

Descriptive ResearchDescriptive Research

DescriptiveResearch

PurposeDescriptive studies are

primarily concerned with finding out “What is? Or How are things now?”

Methodology

Observationaland survey

methods are frequently used

to collect descriptive data.

QuestionsDo white collar employers hold

favorable attitudes toward

employees with a GED?

Types of StudiesDetermine likes/dislikes of a

groupStudent opinion surveys

Recording the reactions to an event

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Examples: What educational and social elements create an

easier transition for a student with special needs to enter a regular education class?

What are the primary components necessary to develop a retail clothing business that markets to youth in the Baltimore-Washington metropolitan area?

Descriptive ResearchDescriptive Research

Involves collecting data in order to determine whether, and to what degree, a relationship exists between two or more variables

Results will not show cause and effect, but will allow predictions of how one variable will change based on results of the other variable.

Helps us understand related events, behaviors, etc.; predict future events from what we know about another; obtain strong suggestions that one variable may be causing another.

Correlational ResearchCorrelational Research

Correlational Research

PurposeAn attempt is made to

discover or clarify relationships that exist

between and among variables.

MethodologyCollecting data onmultiple variables and correlating these to see if

theyhave a

relationship.

QuestionsIs there a

relationship between the size

of the wheels on a toy car and the distance it will

travel?

Types of StudiesThe relationship of one thing to

another. Finding the strength of a relationship.

Examples:

Is there a relationship between the age of people and the amount of time people spend watching TV?

What relationship exists between print and online literary journals and how has the trend toward online publication impacted the literary community?

Correlational ResearchCorrelational Research

Attempts to establish a cause and effect relationship through group comparisons.

Manipulates the independent variable to observe changes in response by the dependent variable.

Experimental ResearchExperimental Research

Experimental design requires: randomly selected participants who are randomly

assigned to groups (experimental and control). an independent treatment variable that an be

applied to the experimental group a dependent variable that can be measured in all

groups.

Experimental ResearchExperimental Research

Experimental Research

PurposeInvestigate possible cause and effect

relationships by exposing one or more experimental groups to one or more

treatment conditions and compare the results to one or more control groups not

receiving the treatment.

MethodologyRandom

assignmentControl groups

& Experimental

groups Gathering data

Looking for differences

QuestionsDo plants

grow better in water,

sugar water, saltwater, or

gelatin?

Types of StudiesKey question: How do you know the treatment caused the effects?

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Examples:

What is the effect of “blind” studies of new medicines where groups take pills without knowing if they are taking the real medicine or a placebo?

Which dog food produces the fastest weight gain?

Experimental ResearchExperimental Research

True experimental design controls all factors in the experiment. Test subjects are randomly selected, and all conditions that influence the subjects are monitored and controlled.

Quasi-experimental research Quasi-experimental research is rather common and is often used by students. Control conditions are still implemented, but researchers admit they cannot control outside factors or obtain totally random test subjects.

Quasi-Experimental ResearchQuasi-Experimental Research

In place of experimental research when random assignment to groups is not feasible.

Otherwise, very similar to true experimental research.

No control group

Quasi-Experimental ResearchQuasi-Experimental Research

In these studies observers…

Look through already existing data, searching for connections between recorded causes and possible effects.

Explore possible cause-and-effect relationships when experimental and quasi-experimental approaches are not feasible.

Causal-Comparative Causal-Comparative ResearchResearch

Causal Comparative

PurposeAn attempt is made to

discover if a cause and effect relationship exists.

MethodologyExamine already

existing data, search for connections

between recorded causes and possible

effects.

QuestionsSearch for the cause of the outbreak of

contaminated food in the grocery

stores nationwide.

Types of StudiesObserve existing conditions and search for causes and sources.

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Examples: Study the AIDS population to discover the causes of AIDS. Research SIDS, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, to find

causes. Search for the cause of an outbreak of food poisoning. Research characteristics of families who live in different

style homes.

Causal-Comparative ResearchCausal-Comparative Research

Administrative ItemsAdministrative ItemsCall your Mentor if you are going to be absent.Check in and out daily.You cannot transport another student in your vehicleConference with me during mentor period or email

me at peckert@hcpss.org if you have questions/concerns.

Carry your ID card everyday.