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GSMA Ministerial Programme 2014: Session Report

Thematic Workshop: Mobile Policy in Asia Pacific Tuesday, 25 February 2014

The session was emceed by Irene Ng, Head of Asia, GSMA.

Keynote: What’s on the horizon for mobile devices? Jay Srage, President, Qualcomm Middle East, Africa and Asia Mr Srage stressed that smartphones represent growth and innovation and, for many people in the region, it will be their first connection to the internet. With the expected growth in smartphone penetration to 71% of all handsets globally by 2017, networks need to prepare for a 1000x data explosion. This will require more spectrum (in lower bands for coverage and high bands for capacity), the deployment of small cells everywhere and improvements to in-building coverage. It will also need smarter devices with more efficient power management.

Greater connectivity will catalyse development in adjacent sectors such as transport, smart cities and healthcare. He painted a future where mobile devices deliver a ‘digital sixth sense’ improving people’s lives through awareness of location, activities and the surrounding environment.

Keynote: Trends in spectrum policy and harmonisation in Asia Pacific Fabio Leite, Deputy Director, ITU Radiocommunication Bureau Mr Leite picked up on the theme of digital diversity and the broadband divide in the Asia-Pacific. The ITU reports that only 22.4% of subscribers in the region have access to high-speed broadband whereas in developed countries the penetration figure is almost 75%. He identified three keys to expanding connectivity: (1) harmonised spectrum policy; (2) regulatory certainty and (3) a policy environment that supports continued investment.

Harmonised spectrum lowers the cost of providing services and this ultimately benefits the consumer, especially in markets with low per capita income. Globally it is estimated that 1 GHz of additional spectrum is needed for mobile broadband and 14 band combinations have been proposed. However, this is too many and a consensus needs to be formed through the negotiations for WRC 2015. The ITU invites all stakeholders to contribute to this discussion, which will be difficult, but ultimately a consensus on more spectrum that is globally harmonised will benefit everyone.

Panel discussion: Road maps and road blocks for the mobile ecosystem Moderator

Ulf Pehrsson, Vice President, Government and Industry Relations, Ericsson

Panel speakers

Jane Van Beelen, Executive Director of Regulatory Affairs, Telstra M F Farooqui, Secretary, Department of Telecommunications, India Keng Thai Leong, Deputy Chief Executive and Director-General (Telecoms & Post) Infocomm

Development Authority of Singapore (IDA), Singapore Tom Riege, Senior Vice President, Government Relations, Telenor Group Mohamed Sharil Mohamed Tarmizi, Chairman, Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC)

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GSMA Ministerial Programme 2014: Session Report

Thematic Workshop: Spectrum Licence Renewal Monday, 24 February 2014

The session was opened by John Giusti, Head of Policy, GSMA.

Introduction John Giusti, Head of Policy, GSMA

Spectrum licence renewal is a critical issue for every mobile operator, government and national

regulatory authority. It is especially pertinent because vast numbers of licences are coming up for

renewal around the world, including both 2G and 3G licences.

For example, GSMA Intelligence recently looked at nine countries1 in Asia and found that, over the

next decade, 112 spectrum licences will come up for renewal. In seven of these countries, 43

licences held by 30 operators will expire within the next five years. These 30 operators support

around 627 million mobile connections, a number that is expected to grow by another 200 million by

the end of 2020. For a significant number of consumers worldwide, therefore, service continuity is a

serious issue.

The prospect of licence expiry creates significant uncertainty for mobile operators. A recent GSMA

report looking at upcoming renewals in Latin America found that this uncertainty can drive mobile

operators to reduce their capital expenditure by as much as 67 per cent. This has a major impact on

investments in new technology and therefore the quality of service consumers receive.

Governments need to ensure they are using their nations’ scarce spectrum assets wisely and

regulators need to balance all these concerns while ensuring the distribution of spectrum creates a

telecoms market that is healthy and competitive, and that delivers real economic growth.

Keynote: Spectrum licence renewal — not to be taken lightly Kamal Shehadi, Chief Legal and Regulatory Officer, Etisalat Group

It is essential that licence renewal take into account the social contribution of mobile broadband as

well as the economic impact in terms of jobs and growth. In the next six years the number of mobile

broadband subscribers is set to increase by a billion and the number of machine-to-machine

connections is will grow by 5 billion. Mobile broadband services are transforming all elements of

society including improving healthcare, alleviating poverty and empowering people — especially

1 Nine countries = Bangladesh, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam (seven countries italicized)

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women. Entrepreneurship in mobile is no longer just coming from developed markets, in recent

years it has been all too noticeable in developing markets, such as in Africa and the Middle East.

Yet all this is in jeopardy unless operators have access to sufficient spectrum. For example, if

250MHz of spectrum is released from 2014–2016, then 270 million — mostly high value jobs — will

be created in sub-Saharan Africa. Operators will pay for this spectrum, but as risks and unknowns

surrounding spectrum increase the attractiveness of the investment falls. Governments can increase

the attractiveness of this investment through programmes such as network sharing and technology

neutrality.

The World Radiocommunication Conference looms large, and this vital opportunity for governments

to increase the amount of spectrum operators have access to could drive a major leap forward for

the industry. There are a variety of target bands but one of the most important is the unused

spectrum held by broadcasters.

As regulators consider the critical issue of licence renewal, they need to factor in the profound socio-

economic benefits derived from mobile broadband services. This means they need to rethink how

they auction and price this spectrum. They must accept that by charging the highest price possible

for spectrum, there will be trade-offs in terms of the levels of coverage and capacity in the network

and the wider socio-economic promise of mobile.

They must also resist alternative approaches that are likely to fail, such as the publicly owned

monopoly of the single network. It is untested and risks the future of mobile services because it does

not support continual long-term investment in the network as new technologies arrive.

Instead, they should embrace pricing spectrum appropriately, taking into account its socio-economic

contribution, as well as support technology and service neutrality. This must also include providing

the certainty of license renewal and make the entire process as transparent as possible in order to

protect network investment. Ultimately, regulators need to realise that they can make or break the

business case for mobile broadband.

Keynote: Relicensing spectrum to maximise the social good Göran Marby, Chair of BEREC and Director-General of the Swedish Post and Telecom Authority

Several years ago, Sweden changed its philosophy for managing spectrum. This started by

reappraising the role of the regulator to achieve an ideal balance where operators pay a fair price for

spectrum while encouraging them to invest strongly in their networks. At the same time we ensured

that we deliver on our primary function — to serve the consumer, not the operator, especially by

delivering choice through a competitive market.

Sweden has an important mobile challenge — it is the third largest country in Europe but only has a

population of 9.5 million. Most of the country has a population density lower than the Sahara

Desert. This complicates delivering on our vision for an inclusive society in the new digital world.

When we spoke to consumers, they told us they wanted ubiquitous high-speed connectivity so they

could access whatever content they want wherever they are.

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In response, we changed our spectrum policy to eliminate the ‘big bang’ approach, where lots of

long-term spectrum licences are sold at once for the highest price possible. We did this to ensure

spectrum was distributed equally among all operators and everyone had the opportunity to access it

to launch new services. This process was facilitated by encouraging network sharing including shared

spectrum.

One example of the Swedish approach is the 900MHz spectrum refarming that was aimed at

improving the level of coverage and competition. The regulator chose to auction only half of the

band to encourage the winners — which included new and existing operators — to build LTE

networks highly efficiently including by embracing smaller cells. Superior coverage was achieved by

setting coverage obligations based on a list of the country’s addresses. This means that the new 4G

networks achieved 99% coverage, bringing the number of addresses in internet black spots from

2500 to 270.

The key to the success of Sweden’s new regulatory approach was to re-evaluate the principles and

then plan what needed to be delivered over the next 10, 15 and 25 years, to ensure it could meet

near-term and longer-term goals.

Panel discussion: National experiences in spectrum licence renewal Moderator

Martin Sims, Managing Director, PolicyTracker

Panel speakers

Daniel Bernal, Assistant Director Regulatory Affairs, América Móvil

Sunil Kanti Bose, Chairman, Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC)

Jose Juan Haro, Regulatory Director, Telefónica Latin America

Kamal Shehadi, Chief Legal and Regulatory Officer, Etisalat Group

Oscar Giovanni León Suárez, Director General, National Spectrum Agency (ANE), Colombia

Selected points from the discussion:

Bernal (América Móvil)

Regulators should encourage network investment by mobile operators in order to drive improved coverage, capacity and new services.

With regard to licence renewal, regulators should provide operators with assurances for service continuity, as well as grant licences for long terms in order to maximise stability and encourage investment.

They should also encourage the efficient use of spectrum, which will involve protecting investments made in mobile networks.

Renewal prices need to be realistic and premised on existing market conditions. At the same time, the renewal terms need to be transparent.

Kanti Bose (Bangladesh)

Operators should be able to work on the presumption of licence renewal because regulators need to establish conditions that encourage network investment. The job

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of regulators is to make investment attractive. We did this when we renewed the 1800MHz licences and made them technology-neutral. That said, consumers and the service they receive is the regulator’s top priority. This is more important than operator’s profit.

Fixed-licence terms should be around 15 years with the presumption of licence renewal, as long as conditions are adhered to, rather than perpetual licences. Spectrum is a natural resource, not an operator’s asset, and perpetual licences prevent new players entering who may have an inclination to spend on new technologies and services.

Haro (Telefónica Latin America)

It is essential that regulators provide clear guidelines well in advance on what will happen following licence expiry and that these conditions must be the same for all operators in order to eliminate uncertainty.

In Peru, we have been put in a position where we’re still negotiating licence terms three years after expiry, which puts us in a very difficult position, as network investment under these conditions is very risky.

All decisions on licence renewal must be based on a technical and market-orientated model. When valuing a licence that is due for renewal operators should not work on the basis of the maximum an operator can afford to pay, but rather on how much an alternative operator would pay.

Regulation should be light-touch with long licence terms of around 20–30 years, or even perpetual licences, which encourage ongoing fees rather than ‘big bang’ one-off payments.

Shehadi (Etisalat Group)

There is no single set of rules for licence renewal that will work worldwide; however, the same general principles should be adhered to. These include the Four Cs:

o There must be a consultative process between regulators and operators to determine the system of licence renewal.

o This decision should be based on commercial logic to ensure the prices paid are fair.

o Competition should be encouraged and operators should welcome this process.

o There must be clarity on the process to ensure operators can invest.

Operators will pay a premium for technology-neutral licences, but this should apply to all licences, not just the latest licence due for renewal. Neutrality needs to be built into the wider framework.

Suárez (Colombia)

Consumer interest can be protected by guarding against three main risks involved in licence renewal:

o Service disruption caused by sudden changes in licence allocations must be avoided.

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o Consumers have a right to expect their service to continue at broadly the same price rather than increase due to the increased costs of licence renewal.

o Consumers should be assured that their service will improve through investment in networks that are negatively impacted by especially high licence prices.

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GSMA Ministerial Programme 2014: Session Report

Thematic Seminar: Mobile Privacy Wednesday, 26 February 2014

The session was introduced by Pat Walshe, Director of Privacy, GSMA. Following a short video on

mobile privacy research (http://youtu.be/XqG1EoKXBk0), Mr Walshe highlighted the fact that there

are over 100 data protection and privacy laws around the world. This creates inconsistency in how

users’ privacy is treated, despite the fact that the flow of personal data does not stop at national

borders. There is a need, therefore, to take a risk-based approach rather than regulating

infrastructure and technology.

Presentation: Updated OECD Guidelines for Data Protection Anne Carblanc, Head of Information, Communications and Consumer Policy Division, OECD

There are a number of cultural differences that need to be respected with regard to how people in

different countries feel about their privacy. She referred to the OECD’s privacy guidelines, adopted in

1980, which was the first international instrument on privacy protection. The members’ goal was to

ensure the protection of a fundamental right to privacy and to enable the free flow of information in

a period of rapid technological change. These guidelines stood the test of time and were unchanged

until 2010 (after 30 years) when members agreed to update the guidelines. The main change was on

risk management, calling for regulators and governments to adopt national, ‘holistic’ privacy

frameworks that cover all aspects of privacy.

The OECD also calls for complementary measures, recognising that laws are important but not

sufficient to achieve transparency, effective enforcement and cooperation among enforcement

agencies.

Accountability is one of the 1980 principles that has not changed. It’s about ensuring transparency

and giving users control over the use of their personal data. The revision to the guidelines also

addresses how companies can demonstrate accountability in practice, through privacy by design,

codes of conduct and encryption.

Regarding transborder flows of personal data (TBDF), accountability does not stop at the border.

Data controllers remain responsible, so member states should not restrict TBDF where:

The other country substantially observes the OECD guidelines,

Other safeguards exist to ensure a continuing level of protection,

The general principle of proportionality is followed in relation to the risks presented.

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Panel discussion: Privacy across borders — making laws explicit,

interoperable and culturally appropriate

Moderator

Stephen Deadman, Group Privacy Officer and Head of Legal Privacy, Security and Content

Standards, Vodafone Group

Panel speakers

Anne Carblanc, Head of Information, Communications and Consumer Policy Division, OECD

Ahmad Shabery Cheek, Minister of Communications and Multimedia, Malaysia

José Alejandro Bermúdez Durana, Deputy Superintendent for Data Protection, Colombia

Selected points from the discussion:

Deadman (Vodafone)

Trust is an issue that comes up in every single seminar. Respecting consumers’ privacy is at

the heart of this topic. The mobile industry needs to come together to ensure all companies

treat and respect users’ privacy.

Carblanc (OECD)

Interoperability of privacy frameworks is key, particularly when different countries have

different legal frameworks governing data protection and privacy.

In the absence of one uniform law, the way to bridge different cultures is finding the

common denominator. So it’s not just the technical, or legal specifications. It’s about

agreeing a set of measures that includes the practice of privacy risk management as well as

privacy compliance programmes.

Concrete example: the French DPA recently examined how corporate binding rules (CBR) can

interact with the APEC Privacy Framework.

OECD is very much in line with what the GSMA is doing (Guidelines on Privacy by Design), so

we are heading in the right direction.

Ms Carblanc noted she is “regulation averse” in this area of privacy. If all different actors are

taking into account and applying a new culture of privacy by design, this would probably be

more effective rather than having one global regulatory framework and a global regulatory

authority, who won’t be able to enforce the requirements, in any case.

Transparency is key – when there are big international revelations, like Snowden, people

care.

Carblanc praised the GSMA’s new consumer research and the “mobile privacy animation”, as

it highlighted that users have consistent concerns across the world. Also referred to the

GSMA’s mobile privacy guidelines/principles as a good example of ‘privacy by design’ and

accountability.

International organisations need to show their willingness and readiness to work together to

address these concerns.

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Shabery Cheek (Malaysia)

One of the key objectives of the Malaysian Government is to move from a ‘knowledge base’

to a ‘digital economy’, with strong emphasis on productivity and trust.

Malaysia wants to connect every citizen and make sure there is value creation from big data,

while ensuring companies respect people’s personal data.

Minister Shabery referred to Personal Data Protection Act implemented only last year as

part of creating an environment of trust for people to move to a digital economy. There are

still ‘teething problems’. For example, some companies are not sure whether to register or

not as a data controller under the new act.

What’s the call to action for the mobile industry? For self-regulatory initiatives to work,

industry players have to communicate with each other and with consumers. The GSMA has

made welcome contributions in this area.

The minister agreed it is time for governments to look at questions of how different laws are

applying to telcos vis à vis the “over the top” internet players (OTTs).

Global organisations are becoming rich and powerful using consumers’ data, but the role

and power of a national regulator is unclear, as it only extends to a country’s national

borders. Yet personal data flows are international.

A global regulatory body should come into effect. Furthermore, OTT players need to be more

transparent when they collect consumers’ data. We need to understand more about the

data economy.

Bermúdez (Colombia)

In Colombia, the constitutional right to privacy has existed for many years, but the data

protection law was only passed in 2012. It was a very interesting process that involved close

cooperation between the relevant ministries and the data protection regulator.

A constructive and open dialogue with the industry led to positive results, for example, the

principle of accountability (which was enshrined in secondary legislation) as well as how to

implement effective privacy programmes.

National courts have been interpreting ‘consent’ very restrictively, and in a way that hasn’t

been very practical.

Mr Bermúdez called on governments to simplify rules on data transfers when there are

contractual instruments in place.

A risk-based approach with supervision is preferred, such as when organisations fail to

address causes or incidents of consumer privacy breaches.

There is a need to clarify where responsibilities lie in different scenarios, as mobile users

don’t know where to turn to in the case of a breach.

Industry players need to self-regulate better: There is a need to agree on general principles

and guidelines such those published by the GSMA. Emphasis should be placed on codes of

conduct and regulators should let industry step up, take responsibility.

Telco and privacy regulators should be talking to each other. Even if the telecommunications

environment is complicated as a system, privacy implications are mostly the same. There is

no need to be prescriptive.

Referring to the GSMA research, Bermúdez stressed that mobile users’ concerns are

consistent worldwide, even if there is a difference in consent mechanisms or approaches.

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That’s why there should be an agreement on basic principles, and regulators need to work

with industry players to understand how best to ensure transparency for users and privacy

by design.

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GSMA Ministerial Programme 2014: Session Report

Thematic Workshop: Mobile Identity Wednesday, 26 February 2014

The session was emceed by Marie Austenaa, Head of Mobile Identity and Personal Data, GSMA.

Keynote: Mobile Identity: Embracing mobile identity solutions for

government and society Alexander Stubb, Minister for European Affairs and Foreign Trade, Finland

I am speaking as a consumer, not as a specialist or a politician. I have different digital personas, for example my mobile identity as a politician is very different from my mobile identity as a father. When it comes to mobile identity and protection of my data we are very much in the same boat.

In the mobile or internet world, I am very much an immigrant compared to my children, who are totally native. Online services are born rapidly but also die very quickly. Connectivity makes geographic location not irrelevant but less important. We process communication from all around world and the whole idea of the individual and the community becomes blurred.

The perspective of institutions is changing. The ultimate authority of identity does not lie only with governments anymore. Technology defines what is possible, but it is still the law that establishes the issues that need to be regulated. Mobile identity needs a new code of law.

There are also new challenges. For example, the US cost of bad identity is around 34 billion euros. At the same time, we are so involved in mobile communication and media that Big Brother is everyone’s brother. When I move around – I can only assume that everybody is listening.

The opportunity is about digitisation and the reduced transaction costs of a paperless society. It is about the ubiquity and pervasiveness of mobile technology. Identification and location are also an opportunity, e.g., child safety, traffic control.

But there is a need to sort out the issue of protection of privacy and security. There is a need to have a European identity in a European digital single market. If you were a government official what would you do to do improve mobile identity?

Panel discussion: National experiences in mobile identity Moderator

Daniel Gurrola, Vice President for Strategy, Orange Group

Panel speakers

George Held, Vice President for Commerce, Etisalat Digital

Md. Nazrul Islam Khan, ICT Secretary and National Project Director of Access to Information,

Bangladesh

David Rennie, Cabinet Office, Proposition Lead, Identity Assurance Programme, Government Digital

Service, Cabinet Office, UK

Tiit Tammiste, CTO, EMT, Estonia

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Selected points from the discussion:

Held (Etisalat)

Etisalat operates across 16 countries and has mobile identity services in 11 countries. When we started to introduce mobile identity, it was about what customers want to do online, for example shopping, banking and other services.

Mobile identity is an enabler and the foundation of online services — necessary to authenticate consumers, governments and corporations. Mobile identity brings huge value to the overall economy.

In the UAE, there is a national central database for digital identity, and the UAE government has set up a strong vision and ask to the industry to drive digitisation and interoperability. It is a vision that everyone in the ecosystem has to embrace, with clear targets and penalties if the targets are not achieved.

Khan (Bangladesh)

Digital Bangladesh Vision 2021 calls for an infusion of ICT in both the public and the private sector to transform Bangladesh into a knowledge-based society and middle-income country. This requires the digital identification of its citizens.

Mobile penetration is accelerating in Bangladesh, and people often don’t want to go to a registration centre, but would rather use their own mobile.

The question is how to deliver the service in a cost-efficient manner. We think the only solution is the mobile phone, as we don’t need to spend a lot. People are not willing to carry their ID card, but they all carry their phones already.

MNOs could play a vital role for digital identification in a country like Bangladesh, where the population is growing rapidly and everyone has a mobile phone. With mobile you can do everything and also be verified.

Rennie (UK Cabinet Office)

In the UK, face-to-face recognition in the UK is not a problem, but there is no digital identity yet.

Driven by a “Digital by Default” campaign, there is a digital revolution in the UK that aims to help 25 government departments redesign their digital services and make them so straightforward and convenient that all those who can use them prefer to do so.

With a federated approach to digital identity and various digital identity providers, the Cabinet Office have written the standards to ensure interoperability.

In practice, the government acts as a catalyst for digital identity with various public administrations involved as consumers of digital identity rather than providers. People are the controllers of their data, and the Cabinet Office has created a marketplace for digital identity, which is low cost and individuals have the ability to choose and create their own identity online. Most important, the government has created a policy and the right framework and legal environment for digital identity.

Mobile is indeed an option, because everybody wants it. And we are working with the GSMA to make this happen. All four mobile operators are now working with the government to ensure mobile is at the heart of the UK solution.

Different from other countries, where the government is also an issuer of digital identity, we are consumers, and have allowed a marketplace of this. Ultimately it is the consumer who is the owner of his identity – but he needs a third party to certify his digital identity.

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Tammiste (EMT)

Mobile ID in Estonia has been in use since 2009, and digital identity since 2000. Only state-issued mobile identity is inside the phone, and it is used for authentication to both public and private sector services.

We can use mobile identity for digital signature. We have issued 150 million digital signatures – with a national population of only 1.3 million. This helps people a lot in their life. For example, digital signatures can be used for business registration. It takes only 20 minutes to do registration in Estonia.

We have also used digital identity for voting: 24% electronic voting and one-third via mobile identity.

There are some important lessons to learn from Estonia, including the importance of timing: as mobile identity is a beast of infrastructure. But Estonia is also a small country, where citizens don’t want to carry their own passports and people want to be virtual citizens.

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GSMA Ministerial Programme 2014: Session Report

Thematic Workshop — mHealth Monday, 24 February 2014

The session was emceed by Jeanine Vos, Executive Director mHealth and mEducation, GSMA.

Presentation: Mobile Health — A European policy perspective Wojciech Dziworski, Head of Sector Innovation and Healthy Ageing, DG Sanco, European Commission

A paradigm shift is occurring in Europe in terms of how healthcare is provided, moving towards a

situation in which patients are empowered to manage their own health. Europe is facing a significant

issue in how to ensure the long-term sustainability of the healthcare system and delivering required

healthcare outcomes.

mHealth can play a large role in this paradigm shift, but we must ensure products and services

deliver appropriate benefits to consumers, and are trustworthy.

The European Commission is currently working on two key pieces of legislation related to mHealth:

The Medical Device Directive, ensuring that new medical devices, including apps, are

beneficial to the end user and comply with patient safety

The Data Protection Directive, ensuring that patient data is allowed to be used to realise

significant healthcare benefits, with appropriate safeguards, and that consumers have

influence over how their own data is used

The European Commission will publish a green paper on mHealth in the spring, which will detail

what should be done at the EU level to release the potential of mHealth to citizens. We must ensure

mHealth does not remain only on the periphery of the healthcare system, but is integrated into it.

Presentation: The Socioeconomic Impact of mHealth Mohammad Chowdhury, Partner, Telecoms, Media and Technology, PricewaterhouseCoopers India

Chronic conditions are pushing up health costs and productivity losses in the EU. By adopting

mHealth, €98 billion could be saved in the EU and GDP could be bolstered by €94 billion.

In Brazil and Mexico, the mHealth impact will be greater for disease management, and

adoption will be key. $18.2 billion can be saved in healthcare costs by 2017 and $13.4 billion

can be added to GDP.

In emerging markets, there is a greater willingness to spend on mHealth compared to the

developed world. That said, the impact of mHealth will be far smaller if not fully adopted.

Three policy imperatives will make success possible:

o Integrate mHealth into national health strategies to drive adoption and facilitate

scale in operations.

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o Define technology and data standards that enable interoperability and

standardisation of mHealth.

o Ease and clarify data protection legislation for mHealth to enhance end-user trust

and adoption.

Panel Discussion: Successful collaboration and partnerships for mHealth Moderator

Mohammad Chowdhury, Partner, Telecoms, Media and Technology, PricewaterhouseCoopers India

Panel speakers

Wojciech Dziworski, Head of Sector Innovation and Healthy Ageing, DG Sanco, European Commission

Oliver Martinez, Head of Global eHealth Unit, Telefonica

Jorge Valdes, Chief Technical Officer, Dexcom

Dr Petra Wilson, CEO, International Diabetes Federation

Selected points from the discussion:

What kinds of partnerships are necessary to develop mobile health solutions and make them more

appealing for every day users?

Martinez – Telefónica develops different types of partnerships, relevant to the type of service. For

example, for a service related to processing information, we work with hospitals and pharmacies; for

a service related to personal health programmes, we work directly with end customers or patients.

What regulatory hurdles must a company like Dexcom clear for any new mobile health solution,

and which areas could be streamlined to lower the barriers to innovation?

Valdes – In the United States, there are different ways of getting a medical device approved,

depending on its classification. For a Class-3 device, companies have to register and file every single

change to the device, large or small. Approval can sometimes take up to 180 days, which doesn’t

really match the technology life cycle. At Dexcom, we have a direct discussion with the FDA to

discuss our roadmap and also work with them on the issue of interoperability.

Currently, a key area that the FDA is investigating is how to share data across devices and

organisations. There is a clear need to define a process for transferring data.

What is the size of the diabetes challenge, and how can mobile help address this?

Wilson – Currently there are 382 million people living with diabetes, and this is expected to rise to

592 billion by 2035. If diabetes was a country, it would be the third-largest country in the world!

Every six seconds, someone dies of a diabetes-related illness. There is a real sweet spot here for

mHealth to provide end users with better tools both to manage the condition and prevent the

growth of it.

What can be done in terms of prevention? Mexico for example has big problems with child obesity

as well as neonatal diseases. How can mobile help?

Martinez – In Brazil, we are seeing something similar, where a lot of illness is related to poor diet as

well as pregnancy-related illnesses. Telefónica is launching a set of products to address this, however

we are looking for more support from the government to ensure the products reach the wider

population.

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To scale mHealth, what is the level of collaboration expected, and how will this work with public

and private partnerships?

Martinez – It depends on the region. In Europe, you can create basic collaboration to provide

services directly to, for example, hospital groups. In Latin America it is about working with

governments to provide infrastructure. Telefónica is working closely with the government of Peru to

provide services to the whole population.

In regard to the role of mobile in diabetes, what can we do in a more holistic manner to work

together more globally and focus more on prevention?

Wilson – If we don’t do anything, diabetes will increase by 200 million, mainly Type 2 diabetes. It is

about educating people on healthier lifestyles, and to do this we do need to join up across

governments and businesses to engage.

Valdes – Knowledge of your health increases your health. Mobile connectivity enables you to get this

information at your fingertips. This requires collaboration.

Dziworski – We need to ensure information is not just confined to doctors, that is, doctors should

not be the only reference point. Information must be held and shared by social care, patients, in fact

all the participants of the healthcare system.

What effort is being made to collaborate across diseases, not just diabetes?

Wilson – There is a strong NCD alliance globally, as well as with the mental health community.

However, we are not close to the organisations working on communicable diseases.

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GSMA Ministerial Programme 2014: Session Report

Government Mobile Forum: Policy Choices

for Sustained Network Investment Wednesday, 26 February 2014

The session was emceed by John Giusti, Head of Policy, GSMA.

Introduction Anne Bouverot, Director General, GSMA

There is notable compatibility between the long-term objectives of the mobile industry and

governments. Most governments are striving to achieve affordable, dependable internet

access for all their citizens, and they recognise the scale of investment that is required. They

also appreciate the economic contribution and social empowerment — as well as the

quality-of-life improvements — that mobile technology provides.

The value of mobile technology to business and society is reflected in the fact that there are

now 7 billion active mobile connections in the world. While impressive, we must be careful

how we use that statistic. Seven billion connections does not mean 7 billion people are

connected. In fact, only 3.4 billion people own a mobile device. So we still have a long way to

go before everyone is truly connected.

The GSMA’s goal is to connect 1 billion more people by 2020. Given that Facebook is

advocating a more ambitious target, why have we chosen this figure? We would love to

target more but that depends on several key factors including: access to more spectrum,

lower cost devices and digital literacy to help everyone use mobile.

We are also entering a new age of ‘connected living’ as machines are increasingly connected

to mobile networks. A new GSMA Intelligence report reveals that the number of wireless

machine-to-machine connections will reach 250 million this year, representing an annual

growth rate of 40%, year on year, since 2010.

Opening address Victor Calvo-Sotelo, Secretary of State for Telecommunications, Spain

2013 has been a year of change both globally and in Spain, where the economy is leaving the

recession behind with two successive quarters of growth. However, more needs to be done

to drive growth, and this has led to a series of reforms including in the telecoms sector.

Spain has launched a public consultation on the Digital Agenda and a new

telecommunications act that will facilitate licensing to drive the latest broadband networks

as well as protect consumers.

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We welcome the European Commission’s Single Telecom Market initiative and accept the

need to address bottlenecks from different platforms around Europe and drive

interoperability and seamless connectivity around the continent. We should also move

towards a data protection paradigm that drives consumer trust.

We also need to drive competition in all regions by minimising the barriers for new entrants.

Digital taxation is also a central issue as the existing tax policies complicate the provision of

services to anyone wherever they are based – so we are keenly awaiting the outcome of the

EU’s High Level Group into this area.

Internet governance will be a hot topic this year in order to advance the multi-stakeholder

model that has been so important to the success of the internet so far. We must also work

to drive digital literacy to boost the skills needed for cloud computing, virtualisation and big

data, which will be so disruptive.

Keynote: Internet governance — Has the time come for change? Fadi Chehadé, President and CEO, ICANN

ICANN is the global authority that has administered the core identifiers of the internet for

the past 15 years. This has created a single internet for the whole planet, thereby minimising

the fragmentation — or friction — that occurs when new and different root systems are

used. According to a recent BCG study, countries with high internet friction can lose up to

2.5% of GDP.

For many years, there has been a feeling that ICANN is too close to the US government. Last

week the Board of Directors of ICANN officially acknowledged that it is time for ICANN to

globalize by replacing US oversight and become the world’s internet authority. ICANN must

be accountable to the world.

It is essential that the mobile and internet communities work together because they are

entangled — both are reliant on each other.

Internet governance is in play this year. The focus needs to be on the multi-stakeholder

process that has been so successful to date by creating a stable internet. ICANN has agreed

with the president of Brazil that it is time to find a common middle ground together to

overcome polarization and focus on the common principles for the governance of the

internet. All of industry and civil society need to come together to agree internet governance

at NETmundial in São Paulo in April, and ICANN is very keen for the mobile community to be

in attendance. The event will focus on agreeing a framework and set of principles that will

help us achieve future agreement on this critical issue. It is the beginning of a journey.

It all began when Vint Cert would sneak into the computer centre at UCLA in the middle of

the night to invent the internet. The change this has brought about is remarkable. Let’s not

forget that this is a treasure. There are many billions of people still to be connected and it’s

important they can benefit from an internet governance model that makes sense for

everyone.

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SESSION 1: THE ROLES OF GOVERNMENT AND INDUSTRY IN DELIVERING AFFORDABLE

MOBILE BROADBAND

Keynote: Towards ubiquitous mobile broadband in Mexico José Ignacio Peralta Sánchez, Undersecretary of Communications, Mexico

In 2013, Mexico adopted major structural reforms to transform the economy, drive

investment and bring down barriers. This included implementing the biggest changes to the

telecom sector in the country’s history. A major challenge surrounded a lack of competition

that was limiting the growth of networks, services and subscribers. To remedy this situation,

the national constitution was changed to create a federal regulator empowered to

implement asymmetric regulation – pertaining to tariffs and quality of service levels — until

a reasonable level of competition is achieved.

This will involve the deployment of a single, shared wholesale network that will begin at the

end of this year and should be completed by 2018 and will be financed under a public

private partnership (PPP) model. This open-access mobile broadband network will use

90MHz of spectrum in the 700MHz band using the APT band plan, as well as the existing

government fibre-optic backbone. The aim is to foster competition by offering access based

on nondiscriminatory conditions and competitive prices. The reform also established a

digital inclusion policy with broadband coverage goals encompassing at least 70% of

households and 85% of SMEs.

Additional spectrum resources will also be released in the 1.7GHz, 2.1GHz and 2.6GHz

bands. The regulator is currently in discussions with the financial ministry to define the

prices in line with principles mandated in the constitution to provide it at the lowest possible

level for the benefit of the users. All of these actions represent a historic opportunity to

achieve accelerated growth in telecommunications services through the use of a balance of

technologies and regulatory policies.

Keynote: Financing mobile network expansion in developing countries Jin-Yong Cai, Executive Vice President and CEO, International Finance Corporation (IFC)

The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is the investment arm of the World Bank and has

two ambitious goals: to end extreme poverty by 2030 and to boost shared prosperity in

every developing country. There are monumental obstacles to delivering this vision:

o 1.3 billion people live on under $1.25USD per day and almost the same number don’t

have access to electricity

o 2.5 billion people don’t have a bank account

o Two thirds of the world’s population don’t have internet access

Mobile phones are small but mighty. Their increased use contributes to GDP growth across

the developing world. They provide people with access to previously unavailable jobs and

healthcare. They provide entrepreneurs with new ways to innovate and create business, and

we have seen repeatedly in the past few years that they allow more people to participate in

society. One of the most notable recent successes has been mobile banking, which is giving

people access to financial services for the first time, regardless of location.

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So how can the IFC, governments and the mobile industry work together to help mobile

realise its transformative potential. The key is to nurture business and entrepreneurship by

reaching more people through network investment, low-cost data plans and smartphones

under $50. Governments need to create a stable regulatory environment that encourages

investment, healthy competition and leverage economies of scale. The right balance needs

to be found between public-private partnerships and cross-border consolidation. New

technological developments such as 3G, 4G and broadband, as well as initiatives such as

network sharing and MVNOs, are critical.

The World Bank helped attract a $30 billion investment for mobile network infrastructure in

the world’s poorest countries from 2000–2010. The IFC has ambitious plans to continue

investing in telecoms projects in emerging markets including in 3G and 4G networks, data

centres, fibre backhaul, submarine cable and mobile banking, among other areas. This

investment is essential because mobile technology is as important as roads and bridges to

improve people’s lives.

Panel discussion: The roles of government and industry in delivering

affordable mobile broadband Moderator

David Gross, Partner, Wiley Rein

Panel speakers

Ding Yun (Ryan Ding), Executive Director and CEO, Huawei Carrier Network Business Group

Magdalena Gaj, President of the Office of Electronic Communications, Poland

Manoj Kohli, Managing Director and CEO, Bharti Airtel International

H.E. Jean Philbert Nsengimana, Minister for Youth and ICT, Rwanda

Elliot Schrage, Vice President of Communications and Public Policy, Facebook/Internet.org

Nsengimana (Rwanda)

In 2000, Rwanda set out reforms to transform itself from a predominantly agricultural

economy to a knowledge-based economy by 2020. The market was liberalised and a public-

private partnership is being used to build a single, shared wholesale LTE network with the

government contributing free spectrum. The aim was to deliver broadband affordably,

inclusively and rapidly by supporting both competition and cooperation. We want this

investment to turn into economic growth and poverty reduction.

In 2000, less than 1% of the population was connected to a mobile operator, and there was

almost no fixed network. Today, we have an extensive fibre-optic backbone, and almost 70%

of the population is connected.

Given that content, services and applications are what make people want to connect to the

internet, the Rwandan government is actively working to develop this space too. This

included an announcement at Mobile World Congress with Facebook and national operator

Airtel to give students free access to educational resources using low-cost smartphones

connected to cloud-based apps that integrate with Facebook.

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Economic growth and poverty reduction is a key target and broadband penetration will play

a big part in delivering this. It is important that this is not derailed by those in government

involved in taxation, as they must give an opportunity for the ICT market to grow and bring

people out of poverty in the process.

Gaj (Poland)

It is essential that the mobile industry, governments and regulators cooperate to meet the

potential of mobile services. There is a clear need for major investment in the latest

networks and this needs to come from both private and public sources.

Regulators should take a light-touch approach and provide a predictable environment to

facilitate operator investment.

One of the key challenges being faced surrounds delivering quality of service, and the

regulator is actively working with mobile operators to improve it. In Poland, we have

mapped all telecom infrastructure to save time and money so that operators and consumers

can see where connectivity is strongest and weakest.

Providing access to more spectrum is hugely important, especially because, in 2020,

consumers will expect far faster services. One important element is to ensure it is

harmonised – for example the use of 800MHz across Europe was hugely successful and

cross-border interference was managed effectively.

Ding (Huawei Carrier Network BG)

One of the most important challenges facing the future of affordable, high-quality mobile

broadband access is the high price of spectrum — especially in Europe. When rolling out a

new network, infrastructure investment is far smaller than the amount spent on spectrum.

One operator rolling out 4G services in Europe invested $3 billion in spectrum and only $700

million on infrastructure. Operators are suffering from high spectrum costs.

It is also critical that operators use spectrum as efficiently as possible, yet regulators are

frequently making this impossible by mandating the use of old technologies. For example, an

operator in Asia explained that regulations dictate it must continue to use 10-year-old CDMA

technology in a band when it could be using LTE technology which is 4x more efficient.

Huawei has spent significantly on 5G technology research, which will create a system that is

10x more efficient than 4G, but this is of no use if regulators do not enable technology

neutral licences.

Regulators around the world are making positive progress in some areas. For example, many

are incentivising network sharing; in Kenya there is a tax return for operators who share. But

they need to prioritise opening up mobile access to more spectrum — 500MHz to 1GHz —

by 2020, and this needs to be harmonised, as the mistakes made with 4G, where there are

too many bands, must not be repeated.

Kohli (Bharti Airtel)

Connecting the next 3.5 billion people who are mostly poor and located in rural areas in

developing markets will be far more difficult than connecting the first 3.5 billion people who

were much richer.

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The cost of spectrum remains a major issue in order to deliver the kind of low-cost services

required to connect the disconnected. This not just an issue between operators and

governments, but also within governments, as regulators are under pressure from the

treasury – they must resist this pressure.

The type of spectrum is also important with lower frequencies such as 600MHz, 700MHz and

800MHz bands necessary in Asia and Africa due to their disparate populations.

Network sharing is necessary and should be mandated by regulators despite operators

traditionally viewing the practice unfavourably. Complete network sharing is important in

order to achieve the low costs required to connect the next 3.5 billion, but brands and the

customer service interface should remain separate. Eighty per cent of operator costs are in

the back-end infrastructure, so sharing base stations, backhaul and data centres will

dramatically lower costs.

Lower-cost devices such as $25 smartphones that support lots of languages will be essential

to connect the disconnected. The GSMA could play a key role here as they have done in the

past.

The role of governments and regulators is changing — they should be like a parent and

nurture the market. There should be no big up-front spectrum costs — a revenue-sharing

model is more suitable. Many governments have unused USO funding that should all be put

into connecting rural areas. They should also assist with the day-to-day headaches for

operators, including issues like getting electricity to base stations.

Schrage (Facebook/Internet.org)

There are three basic challenges facing connecting the next 3.5 billion people.

1. The technical challenge involved in creating affordable mobile handsets and network

equipment.

2. The social challenge involved in explaining to the disconnected what the internet is

and how important it is. Facebook could be an on-ramp for this as consumers don’t

care about their data plan but do want to be connected to useful content like

educational resources.

3. The policy challenge involved in agreeing a helpful role for government to speed up

the process of connecting people. Everyone can be the hero that the Rwandan

minister is.

An often-neglected factor for connecting the next 3.5 billion people is nurturing a culture of

innovation. It is necessary to support people at the middle and top levels of society in order

to create the opportunities that will transform access for everyone.

SESSION 2: POLICY APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINED MOBILE INVESTMENT AND

INNOVATION

Keynote: Re-igniting innovation in the mobile sector for Digital Europe Fleur Pellerin, Minister Delegate for SMEs, Innovation and the Digital Economy, France

Europe can and must have a strong digital ambition. While European citizens have massively

adopted digital services, the continent is being relegated in the digital economy. Europe

must acknowledge that its policies over the past decade have failed — Europe has missed

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the digital boom. Today only six European firms are on the list of the largest 64 internet

firms in terms of market capitalisation, and the global scene is dominated by US and

emerging Asian players.

We should prepare ourselves for the next wave of digital innovation. There needs to be a

continental focus on funding European start-ups, mastering the coming revolution of big

data and connected devices and the establishment of a fair, level playing field. A

commitment to R&D is not sufficient on its own; genuine venture capital is needed through

large pan-European funds.

New regulations on the protection of personal data and privacy should establish a suitable

European framework for the development of big data and connected devices by striking a

balance between promoting innovation and protecting citizens.

Setting fair ground rules that apply to both established internet giants and start-ups must be

a European priority. The failure to regulate the internet giants – not the internet but the five

companies that control it – threatens innovation and the creation of jobs and value. Europe

is the right level for confronting serious global competition issues.

We need a European momentum for our digital future. We need a common ambition to

make Europe a leading digital continent because together we can help Europe become, once

again, the heart of digital innovation.

Panel discussion: Policy approaches for sustained mobile investment and

innovation Moderator

Diane Coyle, Economist and former advisor to the UK Treasury

Panel speakers

Anna-Karin Hatt, Minister for IT and Energy, Sweden

Dr Bitange Ndemo, Honorary Chair, Alliance for Affordable Internet

Anusha Rahman Ahmad Khan, Minister of State for Information Technology, Pakistan

David Thodey, Chief Executive Officer, Telstra

Ed Richards, Ofcom Chief Executive, United Kingdom

Hatt (Sweden)

The low population density of Sweden complicates mobile broadband service delivery, so

the government has made it a key priority. Sweden is making good progress towards its

goals: by 2020, 100% of the population should have access to a 1 Mb/s connection and 90%

should have access to 100 Mb/s.

Spectrum plays a crucial role in achieving these targets, and Sweden was one of the first

countries to make the 800MHz band available for LTE services. This included making

provisions in the spectrum auction for rural access with one operator dedicated to this role,

allowing Sweden to achieve 93% LTE coverage leaving 500 households that lack access. The

700MHz band is the vital next step.

Giving consumers the certainty that they could enjoy excellent coverage was achieved by

creating the regulator’s own coverage maps that were more realistic than operators’ making

it clearer where investment was required and where obligations were not being met.

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Sweden, Denmark and Finland are proposing to the European Commission that mobile

devices should be labelled to guarantee they will operate effectively in rural areas where

signals are weak.

A key role for the government is to provide operators with a stable and predictable

regulatory environment. In this context, the latest proposals for changes to European

roaming rules are concerning, given they were already changed 18 months ago.

Rahman Ahmad Khan (Pakistan)

Pakistan has undergone dramatic changes since the telecom market was liberalised in 2004,

over which time mobile penetration has increased from 6.25% to 77% — meaning there are

now 130 million subscribers.

An auction for 3G and 4G spectrum in the 850MHz and 1800MHz bands will commence at

the start of April and aims to dramatically increase access to the fastest services as well as

encourage new entrants to increase competition.

A major focus for the universal service fund and other investment is on delivering services in

remote areas where there is no business case for mobile operators, as well as to fund a fibre

optic backbone, app development and telecentres focused on biometric identification, e-

agriculture, health and learning.

60% of the population is young, so there is a major effort to get them involved in the ICT

innovation revolution. Mobile broadband and apps present a major opportunity making

local handset and app development an important goal. This software market is being

supported by a move towards e-government powered by local private-sector development.

The IT services market is tax-free until 2016, and potentially beyond, in order to nurture

talent and growth in this area. This reduces the price of privately made software, therefore

driving uptake.

Ndemo (Alliance for Affordable Internet)

The Alliance for Affordable Internet complements the Internet.org initiative by Facebook to

connect the disconnected. It is a broad coalition of private and public organisations which

aim to ensure that no more than 5% of the average household income is spent on

broadband access in contrast to the current situation where in developing countries it is

100% of the average income.

The three key focus areas are:-

1. Stimulate demand for broadband including by raising awareness of the benefits

among all groups.

2. Stimulate the supply side, especially by encouraging governments to provide low-

cost access to frequency bands such as 700MHz and 800MHz, and support for PPP

arrangements.

3. Encourage economic growth through increased broadband access rather than trying

to raise government revenues through handset taxes, which should be avoided to

increase consumer uptake.

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Richards (United Kingdom)

The degree to which regulators are controlled by the statutes that created them is all too

frequently overlooked, however within these parameters they have to make important

choices. Ofcom’s focus is on driving competition, which needs to be frequently readdressed

as technology evolves. However, this should be limited as much as possible to ensure there

is stability and predictability for operators.

Regulators also need to encourage investment, but there is not a simple trade-off between

competition and investment — both can be achieved simultaneously, although some will

disagree with this view. Spectrum needs to be released in a timely and fair manner and

should be harmonised and guided towards maximising coverage, which is the single most

important issue.

There is no evidence of an investment crisis in Europe. The differences with the US can be

explained by topology and the earlier release of 4G spectrum so it’s a simple time lag. Great

care must be taken before regulatory levers are pulled to address issues before the causes

are properly understood. In terms of innovation, the case for a failure in European venture

capital funding is not convincing, and the greater success of companies in areas like Silicon

Valley may be more to do with cultural issues and the strong educational establishments in

the area.

It is not for the regulator to limit competition, this is a role for the market, as if it becomes

too strong, then companies will voluntarily exit.

Thodey (Telstra)

Great care must be taken when looking at regulatory best practice, as there is no single

universal truth — markets differ.

It is important to emphasise the importance of the mobile industry; it underpins 3.5% of

global GDP and is a real platform for innovation. Facebook and Google wouldn’t be

successful without mobile, so it’s important to appreciate that it’s mobile operators’

investment that makes this all possible.

The key goal is to create a regulatory environment that stimulates investment — economic

growth comes from good investment and returns. Regulators should not get involved

unnecessarily. Market forces will often correct consumer concerns. For example, there is no

need for regulation around roaming issues, as innovative technologies and services like VoIP

and WhatsApp will resolve any problems.

It is important to realise that innovation is determined more by attitude than by regulation

and willingness to fail is important.

The biggest challenge facing the mobile industry is the massive level of network investment

required, and there is a risk this will be artificially stifled. Network sharing is positive way of

addressing this issue but it should be left to the private sector to do, rather than being

mandated by national networks, which seems like a step backwards towards the old days of

government ownership.

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Guest announcement: Global Multi-Stakeholder Meeting on the Future of

Internet Governance Paulo Bernardo Silva, Minister of Communications, Brazil

Internet governance is essential and 2014 is the year when the world can start a new

process to establish a bold set of new governing principles. The need for a civil framework

for governance that protects the rights of users is essential.

The Brazilian government encourages the mobile industry to get involved in developing a

common agreement at NETmundial in São Paulo in April.

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GSMA Ministerial Programme 2014: Session Report

Thematic Workshop: mEducation Monday, 24 February 2014

The session was emceed by Adrian Godfrey, Director of mEducation, GSMA.

Keynote: Education, jobs and national productivity — why mobile

education matters Mike Trucano, Senior Policy Advisor for ICT and Education, World Bank

No one would deny the centrality of ICT to education. Because of ICT, people start learning before

they enter school and they continue to learn once they leave school.

Fifty-seven million children (compared to over 105 million in 2000) are unable to read and write.

Education is paving the way out of poverty, however.

Business as usual simply isn’t working, or isn’t working quickly enough for these children. We must

look for business as unusual.

What does mobile learning mean in the context of education, and why should we care? The

opportunity is to put learners truly at the centre of learning, with the world of possibilities moving

around them.

How does this happen? The mobile device is yours, it knows who you are and where you are in the

world. Mobile education isn’t really just about mobility, it’s about being personally connected to

learning experiences at any time, both inside and outside of school.

We have to start thinking differently — taking a ‘mobile first’ approach and stop looking at

tomorrow through the lenses of yesterday. We need to focus on what mEducation is and can be, not

what it isn’t. We need to get past the discussions about screen size, classroom phone bans and

bring-your-own-device (BYOD) strategies to an approach that disrupts the incessant building of

computer labs with their rows of workstations and machines so reminiscent of the rows of looms on

the production lines of a bygone industrial age.

Keynote: mEducation initiatives in Catalonia Jordi Vivancos, Head of Technology for Learning and Knowledge, Department of Education, Government of Catalonia, Spain The Education system in Catalonia has 1.2 million students below university level in a little over

4,500 schools. The education system is a mix between state schools (60%) and private or partly

public-funded schools (40%).

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One of the original aims of ICT in education policy was to have all schools connected to computers

by the year 2000. This leads to the Catalan Strategy for Digital Technologies in Education, whose

vision is the improvement of educational outcomes through the adoption of digital technologies, and

to do this in alignment with the Digital Agenda for Europe 2020. We are currently implementing the

following programs:

Improve learning with mobile technologies

Mobile learning awards

School visits to the Mobile World Centre. Every day, several schools can be guided by the exhibition staff to see the benefits of mobile education and interactive ways of learning.

mSchools program: Mobile History Map

Promote digital competence and entrepreneurship

App education — Mobilitzem la informatica o 105-hour computer science elective subject offered in Catalan high schools o STEM-oriented o 200 schools, nearly 6,000 students and 184 volunteers from the industry

Build an open environment for mEducation

mSchools market — a platform to deliver trusted and approved content and apps

mSchools Lab — a platform where industry can make demand to find schools that would be interesting in testing the development and helping the industry to help content, devices etc.

mSchools mobile4all

Designed for families that do not have the ability to buy mobile devices, as well as to promote accessibility guidelines

Policymakers must create a supportive policy environment in which innovation and partnerships can

thrive for the benefit of the learners.

Panel discussion: The mobile sectors role as a strategic partner in

education. Moderator

Rebecca Walton, Director, Business Development and Partnerships, British Council

Panel speakers

Carolina Jeux, CEO, Telefónica Learning Services Chris Penrose, Senior Vice President of Emerging Devices, AT&T Tarek Shawki, Dean of the School of Sciences and Engineering, American University, Cairo Professor Tim Unwin, Secretary General of the Commonwealth Telecommunications Organisation

and UNESCO chair in ICT4D

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Selected points from the discussion:

Jeux (Telefónica)

Mobile operators can bring a lot more than just connectivity. When I speak to ministers of education, they ask that we give them simple and unique solutions that go through the whole value chain. While we can’t and won’t do everything, we will work with partners to develop a solution. I believe they just want simple solutions, as they find the technology a struggle.

Education and learning must be engaging; we must look for ways to make learning for our children more thrilling.

We are transforming how we train teachers. We are currently training about 2,000 teachers in technology and education. European Schoolnet is actually using MOOCs (massive open online courses) to train teachers how to use technology in education.

I believe we have the ability to truly personalise the learning experience.

Penrose (AT&T)

Control over what children access with their learning devices is essential; our industry is proactive in the development of policies, tools and strategies that help children to be safe online.

The on-going role of carriers is twofold: 1. We provide a lot of parental control solutions, monitoring what they can see, as well as

seeing what they are accessing. Clearly there is a natural tension between wanting to unlock the potential of technology while still ensuring it is controlled in a secure environment.

2. Working with content providers and the platform partners so that the environment is safe. The biggest thing we have to do is provide the tools and visibility of how to use it.

‘Mobile first’ is definitely where we need to get to. We are now at the point where we will literally have the whole of the USA covered with LTE (4G) by summer this year, and when you reach that level of coverage there are so many things you can do!

Shawki (AUC)

Modern development has revolutionised the way we use connected devices to acquire and expose people to knowledge, and share information within our own networks or indeed everyone. Connected personal devices have melted time, space and geographical boundaries, but at the same time this incredible technology has still has not made it to the level of classical education systems. If fact, these systems are still showing a great level of resistance to mobile learning solutions, and I believe this is down to a number of reasons: cost of access, bandwidth, infrastructure barriers…. But above all, the skills of teachers are widely in need of improvement. Do not underestimate the task; in technology-enhanced education, we are asking teachers to move from the lecture and the chalk to a position of coaching learner experiences, perhaps more akin to the role of the director in filmmaking!

I think the education system has yet to harvest the benefits of all these mobile type solutions.

Mobile technology is amazing, in the sense in that people are motivated to use it, unlike other technologies that we beg people to use. I have seen illiterate people use a mobile

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phone in a comprehensive way. We have seen villages where people use Facebook while harvesting, and they don’t even go to school.

Training is not a barrier to the adoption of mobile technology and compelling apps and content.

Unwin (CTO)

Policymakers should prioritise at least three areas of focus: o Improving the learning process, not on procuring technologies o Never forgetting the need for compelling content o Providing high-quality training in the use and potential of mobile learning

The role of government is to support all of the different people in this space, including the traditionally marginalised: schools in rural areas, women and girls, children with disabilities, etc. Governments must focus on a complex agenda, including direction, strategy and leadership; teacher training; content; and assessment.

Critically, governments need to ensure development of the infrastructure to support these solutions, e.g., electricity and broadband coverage. For example, in Sierra Leone there is 1.7% internet connectivity. Let’s start right there and ensure broadband coverage.

Multi-stakeholder partnerships hold the key to delivering many of these objectives.

A ‘mobile first’ approach to education would mean personalisation and ubiquity. Drive down the cost of affordable smartphones and, yes, focus on mobile, not computer labs.

Where do we start? By telling kids in classrooms to turn mobile on, rather than mobile off.

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GSMA Ministerial Programme 2014: Session Report

Thematic Workshop: Cybersecurity Wednesday, 26 February 2014

The session was emceed by Dominique Lazanski, Public Policy Director, GSMA.

Keynote: Understanding the breadth of cybersecurity Hanne Tangen Nilsen, Chief Security Officer, Telenor Norway

Ms Nilsen is in charge of security and risk management at Telenor, and believes we need to

demystify cybersecurity. She explained that the cyber-domain is all about technology and security

involves securing components in the network. “The mobile network is no longer a closed eco-

system” and mobile operators have to understand the changes in technology, moving from 2G to 3G

to 4G, and the new threats that this brings, e.g., smartphones that are exposed to malware. She

defined cybersecurity as protecting “all that is vulnerable through ICT.”

For mobile operators, repairing damage and normalising the situation following a cyber-attack is

critical. The complexity and scope of potential attacks make it difficult to understand how vulnerable

operators are. From multiple mobile operating platforms, there are now only three operating

platforms, which make these platforms more susceptible to attacks. It is important to build

competences within organisations and understand those with criminal intentions.

Nilsen stressed the importance of being proactive and learning what the threat factors are, rather

than waiting for an attack to come, thus helping to reduce the risk. It is important to understand

where the threats are coming from – e.g., other states, terrorists, criminals; the forms of attack they

might use – e.g., malware, bots; and what their motivation is – e.g., technology or money.

Nilsen pointed out that we are heading to completely connected networks, meaning that if there is

instability in one part of the network, it will lead to instability in another part of the network. She

highlighted the fact that the use of mobile in our society has become critical, and we must take steps

to protect these networks. As a result, Telenor has introduced 24 x 7 monitoring, and has also

simulated the threat to both fixed and mobile networks working with the police, regulators and

staff.

In the event of an attack, it is necessary to act quickly and therefore Hanne feels it is critical that

people are trained and educated and that good government policies are in place. She feels it is also

necessary to collaborate not just with the police and government, but also other companies -- to

work with vendors so they support the handling of a security breach.

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Panel discussion: Network security for consumer protection: The role of

the mobile network operator Moderator

David Rogers, Chair, GSMA Device Security Steering Group

Panel speakers

Manuel Álvarez, Head of Implementation, European Cybercrime Centre, EUROPOL Hanne Tangen Nilsen, Chief Security Officer, Telenor Norway Natarajan Sivasamban, Global Business Head, Telecom Group, Tata Consultancy Services Phil Zimmermann, President and Co-Founder, Silent Circle

Selected points from the discussion:

Rogers (Moderator)

Cybersecurity has been in the news a lot in the past year. Government surveillance is just

one aspect of cybersecurity, with another major one being cybercrime. In the UK,

cybercrime is classed as a tier 1 threat. Mobile has become critical to how we live our lives,

so for mobile operators, protecting consumer data is important.

Responding to the audience question from the Honourable Minister from Pakistan, Anusha

Rahman Ahmad Khan, on how to catch criminals when the perpetrator could be thousands

of miles away when agencies such as EUROPOL are only handling Europe, Rogers agreed

there was no global body currently addressing this need.

Álvarez (EUROPOL)

In response to being asked what causes the greatest cybercrime he first listed child sexual

abuse content, secondly online fraud which is bad for companies, and thirdly hacking which

threatens the Digital Agenda. The best way to tackle cybercrime is through increasing

awareness, increasing the resilience of networks and systems, and through law

enforcement. Many crimes go unreported, some crimes are known but not reported, whilst

other crimes simply go undetected. In order to tackle the problem, different partners need

to work together.

EUROPOL is different to the FBI. It can only investigate when several countries come

together to report a cross-border crime, and investigative operations would generally

include two prosecutors.

EUROPOL has clear legislation, with an emphasis on ensuring that information is ‘correctly’

obtained. The problem is global, and as a result Interpol and EUROPOL do collaborate. He

predicted that in the future there will be more collaboration between different companies

and agencies.

Nilsen (Telenor Norway)

There should be more openness and trust and information sharing, with more cooperation

from governments. Government departments tend to operate in silos, but ICT is

multidisciplinary.

It is important to have national laws in place to deal with the area of cybersecurity and for

law enforcement to cooperate internationally to identify and catch perpetrators.

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When asked how operators talk to their customers about security without scaring them, she

responded that at Telenor they educate, via their “Use your head” campaign, responding to

the different needs of their users (e.g., corporate needs vs individual needs).

Sivasamban (Tata Consultancy Services)

Where there is an opportunity there will always be a criminal. As a result, companies need to

be prepared. However, the opportunities with ICT outweigh the threats.

In terms of educating users, it is important to start influencing at school on the subject of

security.

Digital security should be added to everyone’s agenda.

Zimmermann (Silent Circle)

Surveillance works at cross purposes to cybersecurity. In the 1990s, “crypto” developments

faced resistance, so as a result they are currently a decade behind in their development.

Standards have been affected by cooperation with security agencies, resulting in a

justification for weakening networks. We are currently in the golden age of surveillance,

with cameras reading licence plates, face recognition, CCTV, etc.

To protect against cybercrime, it needs to be considered as an engineering problem and

platforms need to be more robust, otherwise the police have to clean up the engineer’s

mess.

Phil complained that educating end users on security can sometimes feel like talking to

impoverished people about the importance of clean water. On the other hand, criminals

have a financial incentive to be educated on the subject.

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Selected points from the discussion:

Van Beelen (Telstra) The Australian government has created a policy environment for innovation and investment. As a

result, operators invest in networks, and this has resulted in 4G services being available to 85% of

the population in a short time. Policymakers can support continued investment by providing licence

renewal certainty at reasonable prices and avoiding industry specific taxes that act as a barrier to

service take-up. She acknowledged that providing rural coverage is a commercial challenge even for

a country like Australia and noted that the government had recently announced an AU$100 million

coverage blackspot programme.

Farooqui (India) Lack of telecommunications infrastructure, poverty, typography and poor reliability of grid electricity

all lead to connection deficits in the region. Overcoming these deficits will require cooperation

between government and industry. He gave the example of an Indian government plan to connect

250,000 village councils by fibre. This was described as a transformational investment to spur village

innovation. Servicing rural areas will also require green telecom initiatives that reduce the power

requirements for sites and make more use of solar energy. Spectrum is in short supply in India, and

the government needs a creative approach to pricing that incentivises market development.

Leong (Singapore) Singapore is on the path to becoming a smart city with greater than 95% fibre to the home and

1 gigabit packages available at about US$35 per month. However, this is only part of the picture and

there is a need to deploy a pervasive and interoperable sensor network to deliver the benefits. This

effort needs joined up thinking among all the ministries and a willingness to share anonymised data

for the public good to build demand for smart services.

Riege (Telenor) Governments, operators and device manufacturers each have a role to play in addressing the pent-

up demand for data in the region. Governments should provide a clear roadmap for spectrum policy,

make allocations transparently and avoid artificial scarcity. He said that rural coverage will follow

from availability of the right frequencies and strong competition. He noted that mobile data in 2013

was 18 times higher than the total Internet traffic in 2000. However, the decoupling of the

infrastructure and service layers meant challenges to returns on mobile network investment as

many of the internet companies are not based in the region.

Tarmizi (Malaysia) The MCMC is pro-business but also needs to balance the policy objectives of the government and

the needs of society. Malaysia worked with neighbouring countries in deciding to adopt the APT 700

band plan, but this also meant delays while waiting for all countries to be ready. The MCMC

understands the rural coverage benefits of 700 MHz but also sees a need to stimulate demand and

address cost barriers as 60% of connections are still 2G. They have used USO funds to build 1,000

base stations in rural areas and are planning a further tender that will seek innovation commitments

as one of the selection criteria.