gsm - siemens
TRANSCRIPT
Walter KonhäuserVL-Nr. 0432 L 600
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 2 © Siemens, 2003
3 GSM
3.1 General overview
3.2 Architecture
3.3 The Radio Interface
3.4 Signalling
3.5 Radio Resource Management
3.6 Network Management
Content
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 3 © Siemens, 2003
Reasons for introduction of GSM systems
� Governments, operators and suppliers have strong interests in the introduction of a standard for mobile communication systems for voice and data
� High subscriber capacity
� Improved grade of service quality
� Fully automatic international roaming
� Early demand in some countries
� Universal interfaces for compatibility purpose
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 4 © Siemens, 2003
GSM/MoU obligations
GSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationsMoU Memorandum of Understanding
1982 Foundation of GSM
1986 Field trails
End 1987 Final drafts of all essential recommendations
Early 1988 Call for tenders
Mid 1988 Final drafts of all other recommendations
1988 Contracts
1991 Pre-Commercial operation
1992 Commercial operation
until 1993 Service for all capitals and major airports
until 1995 Service for all traffic routes between capitals
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 5 © Siemens, 2003
Basic factors influencing the layout of Cellular Mobile Radio Systems
OptimumCellularSystems
Spectrum Efficiency
Traffic Capacity
(Erl)
CostEffectiveness
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 6 © Siemens, 2003
Features
� Fully digital transmission
� Enhanced frequency economy
� Privacy
� Improved hand-held viability
� Flexible configuration of networks and services
� International compatibility
� Enhanced services
� Based on field-proven EWSD technology
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 7 © Siemens, 2003
Services
� Basic services• Telephony• Emergency call• Short message service• Fax Group 3• Data up to 9600 bit/s
� Supplementary services• Closed user group• Multiparty service• Call forwarding• Call hold/call wait• Calling/connected line identification• Subscriber controlled input• Barring of calls• Advice of charge
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 8 © Siemens, 2003
3 GSM
3.1 General overview
3.2 Architecture
3.3 The Radio Interface
3.4 Signalling
3.5 Radio Resource Management
3.6 Network Management
Content
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 9 © Siemens, 2003
External Interfaces
GSM
Externalnetworks
Users
Operator
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 10 © Siemens, 2003
Subsystem of a GSM-PLMN
O O
ARSS
OMS
SSS
Um
to/fromotherNetworks
RSS Radio Subsystem
Um, A, O Interfaces OMS Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Subsystem
SSS Switching Subsystem
GSM-PLMN
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 11 © Siemens, 2003
Public Land Mobile NetworkPLMN Components
Mobile-
Station
Mobile-
Station
Mobile-
Station
Radio Interface
Mobile Network Components
Base Station Base Station
Mobile Network Components
Base Station
Fixed Network:GatewayExchange
PLMN
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 12 © Siemens, 2003
Public land mobile network (PLMN)System architecture
Base station system BSS
Operation & maintenance centers
Other networksSwitching subsystem SSS
Data networks
PSTN
ISDN
PLMN
VLRHLR
AC
EIR
MSCTRAUBTS BSC
OMC-SOMC-BMobile station
AC Authentication centerBSC Base station controllerBTS Base transceiver stationEIR Equipment identification registerHLR Home location register
MSC Mobile services switching centerOMC-B OMC base station systemOMC-S OMC switching subsystemVLR Visitor location register
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 13 © Siemens, 2003
General Definitions� Location Register
To establish a call to a mobile station the network must know where this mobile is located.
� Home Location Register (HLR)A mobile subscriber is registered at one location register which functions as its home center for chasrging and billing purposes and for administering its subscriber parameters.
� Visitor Location Register (VLR)The Visitor Location Register is the location register, other than the HLR, used by an MSC to retrieve information for e. g. handling of calls to or from a roaming mobile station currently located in its area.
� Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC)The MSC constitutes the interface between the radio system and the fixed networks. The MSC performs all necessary functions in order to handle the calls to and from the base station.
� Base Station AreaThe Base Station Area is the part of the network covered my a base station. Every mobile station in base station area can be reached by the equipment of the base station.
� Location AreaThe Location Area is defined as an area in which a mobile station may move freely without updating the location register. A Location Area may include one or several base station areas.
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 14 © Siemens, 2003
Structure of an Intelligent Network (IN)
CCS 7 Network
SSP
User UserUser
Communication InterfaceProgram Interface
Communication Interface
Data -Base
SCP
SMSData -BaseCommunication Interface
X.25
CCS 7: common channel signaling system no. 7
SMSService Management System- Management of data and statistics- Introduction of new services- Service updates
SCPService Cotrol Point- Data base for service control
• Introduction of new services• Service authentification
SSPService Switching Point- Service access- Service processing
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 15 © Siemens, 2003
Mobilkommunikationssystem als Intelligentes Netz
CCS 7 Network
SSP
Teilneh-mer
(User)
Teilneh-mer
(User)
Teilneh-mer
(User)
Communication Interface
Program Interface
Communication Interface
Data -Base
SCP
SMSData -Base
Communication Interface
X.25
SMSService Management System- Management of data and statistics- Introduction of new services- Service updates
SCPService Cotrol Point- Data base for service control
• Introduction of new services• Service authentification
SSPService Switching Point- Service access- Service processing
Fernvermittlungsstellen (oberste Ebene)
PSTN(national)
PLMN
Datenbasen(SCP)
OAMC(SMS)
MCP (SSP) MCP (SSP)
BSSBSS
Funk-zelle
MSMS
Nationale und Internationale Luftschnittstellefor MS
BSS: Base Station System
MS: Mobile Station
MSC: Mobile Services Switching Center
CCS 7: Common Channel Signaling No 7
PSTN: Public Switched Telefone Network
OAMC: Operation, Administration, Maintenance Center
InternationaleSchnittstelle
CCS 7
Funkfeld
CCS 7
CCS 7
zu anderenPLMN
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 16 © Siemens, 2003
GSM – PLMN Referenzkonfiguration
BS Base StationCC Channel CodingCCU Cannel Coding UnitIWE Interworking EquipmentIWF Interworking FunctionL2R Layer 2 Relay FunctionMSC Mobile Service Switching
CenterMT Mobile TerminalRA Rate AdaptionRFM Radio Frequency
ManagementRLP Radio Link ProtocolTE Terminal EquipmentTRAU Transcoding and Rate
Adaption
3,4 + 12,6 kb/s
3 + 13 kb/s13 kb/s
3,6 kb/s6 kb/s
12 kb/s
64 kb/s
8 kb/s16 kb/s
Netzzugangspunkt
TRAU
Luftschnittstelle
Interworking -Funktion = IWF
(IWE)
Vermittlungs-funktionCCU
MTRFM TRAU-Frame
(20 ms)
MSC
Mobile Station (MS)
TE MTRFM
Luftschnittstellen-Verbindungselement
BS- MSC/IWFVerbindungselement
CC CCRA RA
L2R/RLP L2R/RLPGSM-PLMN Verbindungstyp (Connection Type)
GSM-PLMN Verbindung (Connection)
Netzzugangspunkt
Daten
0,3 kb/s1,2 kb/s2,4 kb/s4,8 kb/s9,6 kb/sSync/Async.
8 kb/s16 kb/s
22,8 kb/sDaten
0,3 kb/s1,2 kb/s2,4 kb/s4,8 kb/s9,6 kb/sSync/Async.
64 kb/s16 kb/s
Sprache
64 kb/sSprache
16 kb/s22,8 kb/s 64 kb/s
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 17 © Siemens, 2003
Microwave: Products/Systems
• PtP Radio Links• PmP Radio Links• WLL Access Systems
•• PtPPtP Radio LinksRadio Links•• PmPPmP Radio LinksRadio Links•• WLL Access SystemsWLL Access Systems
MSCMSCMSCMSCBTSBTSBTSBTSNodeNodeNodeNodeBBBB
BSCBSCBSCBSCRNCRNCRNCRNC
OMCOMCOMCOMCBTSBTSBTSBTSNodeNodeNodeNodeBBBB
BTSBTSBTSBTSNodeNodeNodeNodeBBBB
PtP PmP
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 18 © Siemens, 2003
3 GSM
3.1 General overview
3.2 Architecture
3.3 The Radio Interface
3.4 Signalling
3.5 Radio Resource Management
3.6 Network Management
Content
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 19 © Siemens, 2003
GSM Multiple Access Scheme (FDMA/TDMA)
1 Zeitschlitz
1 TDMA-Rahmen≈ 4,615 ms
(1250 Bits)
Zeitschlitz-nummer
3
2
1
0
7
6
5
4
Frequenz
Zeit
≈ 0,577 ms(156,25 bits)
200 kHzFunkkanal
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 20 © Siemens, 2003
Strukturbaum der logistischen (funktionalen) Kanäle
TCH/FSTraffic Channel Full rate for SpeechTCH/HSTraffic Channel Half rate for Speech
TCH/F…Traffic Channel Half rate for Data
TCH/F…Traffic Channel Full rate for Data
LogicalChannels
TCHTraffic
Channel
CCHControl Channel
SACCHSlow Associated Control Channel
FACCHFast Associated Control Channel
SDCCHStand AloneDedicated Control Channel
BCCHBroadcast Control ChannelFCCHFrequency Correction Channel
SCHSynchronization Channel
PCHPaging Channel
RACHRandom Access Channel
AGCHAccess Grant Channel
ACCHAssociated
Control Channel
DCCHDedicated
Control Channel
UPCH User Packet Channel
BCHBroadcast Channel
CCCHCommon
Control Channel
Speech
Data
USCUser Specific
Channel
CACCommon
Access Channel
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 21 © Siemens, 2003
3 GSM
3.1 General overview
3.2 Architecture
3.3 The Radio Interface
3.4 Signalling
3.5 Radio Resource Management
3.6 Network Management
Content
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 22 © Siemens, 2003
Functional planes
OAM
MM
RR
CM
Operator User
Transmission
OAM: Operation, Administration and Maintenance
CM: Communication Management
MM: Mobility Management
RR: Radio Resource Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 23 © Siemens, 2003
GSM Signalling ArchitecturerelayMSC
anchorMSC
RIL 3 - CC
RIL3 - MMMAP/D
RIL3 - RRRSM BSS MAP MAP/E
TCAP
SCCP SCCP SCCPLAPDm LAPD MTP MTP MTPLayer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1 Layer 1
RR
CM
MM
MS
Abis -
BSCBTS HLR
InterfaceA -
RIL3: Radio Interface Layer 3
MAP: Mobile Application Part
RSM: Radio Subsystem Management
BSSMAP: Base Station System Management
TCAP: Transaction Capabilities Application Part
SCCP: Signalling Connection Control Part
LAPD: Link Access Protocol
(LAPDm): for the D-Channel(Dm-Channel)
MTP: Message transfer part
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 24 © Siemens, 2003
Protocols and Interfaces
CC MM RF
L2L1
GSMAirInterface
ISDN
PSTN
otherNetworks
MS
X
BSTline signalling
ISUP
SCCP
MTP
CCS7
CCS7
RSSMAP
DTAP
RSSAPSCCPMTP
MAP
TCAP
SCCP
MTP
HLR VLR AC EIR
MSCCCS7
e.g.MFC-R2
PLMN
OMC
X.25
BSC
OMPR
X.25
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 25 © Siemens, 2003
Protokollstruktur SSS
MTP Massage transfer part(Physikalischem Sicherungs-, Vermittlungsebene)
SCCP Signalling Connection Control Part(Adressierung und Lenken vonNachrichten - auch über Grenzen
eines Netzes)
ISUP ISDN User Part
BSSAP Base Station System Application Part(Auf der A-Schnittstelle MSC – BSC)
TCAP Transaction Capabilities Application Part(Basis für Transaktions-Abwicklungen)
MAP Mobile Application Part(Mobilfunkspezifische, transaktions-orientierte Nachrichten zwischen Einheiten der SSS)
L T G
M T P
S C C P
M A P
T C A P
I S U P
B S S A P
C P
C P
L T G
C P, L T G
C C N C
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 26 © Siemens, 2003
3 GSM
3.1 General overview
3.2 Architecture
3.3 The Radio Interface
3.4 Signalling
3.5 Radio Resource Management
3.6 Network Management
Content
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 27 © Siemens, 2003
Radio Resource Management
The technological field of Radio Resource Management is signalling GSM signalling is a split in three functional domains:
– Communication Management
– Mobility Management and
– Radio Resource Management
In a cellular system like GSM, a dedicated channel over the radio interface is provided to the mobile stations only on demand and for the duration of the call. Therefore two features are needed:
– Dynamic channel allocation (dedicated mode and idlemode) and
– Handover.
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 28 © Siemens, 2003
RR, MM und CM-Layers� Radio Resource Management (RR)
The role of the radio resource management layer is to establish and release stable connections between mobile stations and an MSC for the duration of a call for instance, and to maintain them despite user movements. It must cope with a limited radio resource (and the corresponding terrestrial resources) and share it dynamically between all needs. The functions of the RR layer are mainly performed by the handover process lies entirely within the RR layer, part of the functions implemented in the MSC are within the RR domain, in particular the ones related to inter-MSC handovers.
� Mobility Management (MM)The machines concerned with mobility management are mainly the mobile station (and more precisely the SIM inside the mobile station), the HLR and the MSC/VLR. The management of the security functions are done by the same machines, and more particularly by the AuC inside the HLR. The BSS is not concerned with the MM plane.
� Communication Management (CM)The functions of the communication management layer, or CM layer, consist in setting up calls between users at their request, as well as of course maintaining these calls and releasing them. It includes the means for the user to have some control over the management of the calls he originates or receives, though the “Supplementary Services”. The variety of the Communication Management functions makes it easier to describe as three sub-domains.
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 29 © Siemens, 2003
RR-session and RR connection
MSC
anchor MSC
MSC
BSCBSCBSC
BTSBTSBTSBTS
relay MSC
A - Interface
Abis - Interface
CM transactions
BTS
anchor MSC
relay MSC
BSC
inter-MSC handover
inter-BSC handover
intra-BSC inter-BTS handoveror change of channel on same BTS
RR-connection
RR-session
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 30 © Siemens, 2003
3 GSM
3.1 General overview
3.2 Architecture
3.3 The Radio Interface
3.4 Signalling
3.5 Radio Resource Management
3.6 Network Management
Content
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 31 © Siemens, 2003
Operation and Maintenance Subsystem
OMS-Tasks
Configuration Management
Performance Management
Security Management
Fault Management
Accounting Management
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 32 © Siemens, 2003
Mobile Markets – Challenges
� Centralisation � Specialisation � Full automation of
operational process� Customer orientation
• Increasing competition• Invest in UMTS• Increasing complexity• Up-coming data services• Market consolidation
� New service propositions� Quality of service� Customer satisfaction� Time-to-service� OPEX
Market Trends
MNO Challenge
MNO Strategy for OSS
Network Management Challenge� Increasing complexity
of multi-standard mobile networks
� Shorter innovation cycles of network elements & services
� New NM paradigms through IP and NG OSS/eTOM
� From network to service centric operations
� Decrease of Systems Integration Tax
NG OSS New Generation Operations Services and Software
eTOM enhanced Telecom Operations Map
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 33 © Siemens, 2003
Initial Roll-out
Commercial Operation
Operators’ priorities have changed significantly
Today's focus of operators on CAPEX and availability will shift towards total cost of ownership
O&M the decisive differentiator for the manufacturer
� Price (CAPEX) + OPEX� Network Growth� Network Quality� Network Optimization
& Performance
Business Drivers
� Price (CAPEX)� Time to Service
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 34 © Siemens, 2003
Economical Solutions
Understand the organization and cost structure of the mobile operator� Analysis of business and operational processes� Identification of OPEX saving measures
GSM GPRS UMTS
... Process... ProcessAutomation ...Automation ...
Network Size and Complexity
OPEX
OPEX55%
Licence30%
CAPEX15%
Efficient operational concepts� Excellent mobile network usability
with intuitive management � Automation of operational processes
by Self-Optimizing-Networks, Auto-discovery ...
Optimal tailored network and service management solutions meeting mobile operator needs� Hiding network complexity � Full service orientation
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 35 © Siemens, 2003
Network Management Landscape
ServiceFulfillment
ServiceAssurance
ServiceBilling
Mobile OSS
Microwave
Mobile Radio
Enabling Services
IP and 3rd partyequipment
Element Managers
Mobile Data IMSMobile Core
OSS
Open InterfacePolicy
OwnProducts
MessageCoordinator
IP Manager
Radio Commander
@vantage Commander
Switch Commander
Netviewer
Interfaces
Applications
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 36 © Siemens, 2003
NetViewer NME
O&M Microwave (SDH, PDH and ATM based products)� Fault, configuration and performance management
of all SMC microwave links, security� Different transport technologies: SDH, PDH, ATM� Full range of payload capacity: 2x2 … 8x155 Mbit/s� Various topological scenarios
(point-to-point vs. point-to-multipoint; ring vs. tree, ...)� Friendly and useful graphical user interface (GUI)
Benefits� Standard platform (MS Windows) reduces
training and operating costs� Capability to manage the whole microwave
catalogue and 3rd party devices� Scalability in accordance with the network growth
Managed objects: SRA family, SRT family,
SRA L family, SkyWeb P-MPSDH Synchronous Digital HierarchyPDH Plesiochronous Digital HierarchyATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode …
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 37 © Siemens, 2003
Radio Commander
O&M Radio (Radio Access Network)� Fault, configuration, performance, security and
software management� Future-proof and scalable system architecture� Value-adding application O&M ToolSet� Comfortable graphical user interface (GUI)
and command line interface (CLI)� Open and standardized interfaces, e.g. MCCM
Benefits� Management of 2G and 3G networks by
one user interface reduces training and operating costs and saves investment
� Scalability for a quick and cost efficient network growth
� Open interfaces for a smooth integration into the multi-vendor environment
Managed objects: BTS, BSC, TRAU
NodeB, RNC
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 38 © Siemens, 2003
Switch Commander
O&M Core� Fault detection and reparation for mobile core technologies� Configuration, Performance measurements� Value added applications: Network Configuration
Management (NCM), backup & restore� Authorization and access control� Remote access to its graphical user interface (GUI) and
automation tools
Benefits� Investment protection by management
of 2G and 3G networks with one GUI� Scalable, adaptable to
network changes and extensions� Efficiency by customizable user
interface and unified look-and-feel for all managed elements.
Managed objects: e.g. SGSN, MSC
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 39 © Siemens, 2003
IP Manager
Benefits� Increased operating efficiency
through a highly integrated O&M solution for multi-vendor IP-based network elements
� High scalable (network growth),high flexible operational area
� Independent rollout schedules and release cycles possible
� Flexible 3rd party integration
O&M for 3rd party IP/IT based network elements� Fault, configuration, performance and security management� Powerful integration of OEM capabilities� Telnet for mass data configuration� Value adding applications: e.g. Mprobes, Watchdog� User friendly and high customizable
graphical user interface (GUI)� Open and standardized interfaces,
e.g. SNMP
Managed objects (e.g. Gateways, Server,
Routers, Firewalls)
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 40 © Siemens, 2003
Middleware-Commander
Benefits� OPEX reduction due to centralized flexible element
management and backup&restore for different network element types
� Scalability: from small up to large networks� Small-footprint: 1 @vantage Commander manages
whole domain (up to 80 network elements)� Dual vendor strategy: SUN or FSC for servers� “2 in 1” configuration: @vantage Commander and
B&R server on one host.
O&M IN, Charging and IMS� Fault, configuration, load and security management
real-time performance monitoring, backup&restore� Future-proof and scalable system architecture (based on Solaris)� Comfortable graphical user interface (GUI)� Open standard interfaces (SNMP, FTP, Corba, XML)� Carrier grade availability (up to 99.95% for 2 node cluster)
Managed objects: Enabling Services,
(e.g. Charging), IP Multimedia Subsystem,
e.g. HSS, CSCF)
SNMP Simple Network Management ProtocolFTP File Transfer ProtocolCORBA Common Object Request Broker ArchitectureXML Extended Markup LanguageB&R Backup and Restore
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 41 © Siemens, 2003
Message Coordinator
Charging gateway and billing mediation for offline charging� Multinetwork technology (GSM, GPRS, UMTS)� Multivendor capability� Data collection (FTAM, FTP, GTP´)� GUI with JAVA environment, easy adaptation
to the customer interfaces and its changes� Auditing� Alarming per SNMP
Benefits� Investment protection by support of
2G and 3G networks and IP services� Redundancy (acc to 3GPP) to ensure
transmission security� Comprehensive billing mediation.
(Session)(Service)(Content)BillBillBillBill
Message Coordinator
Session ServiceContent
Billing
Inter Accounting
Call Analysis
Fraud DetectionMSP
GGSN
MSC
SGSN
Mes
sage
Coo
rdin
ator
Radius
Call Data Records (raw)
Consolidated CDRs
FTAM File Transfer, Access and ManagementFTP File Transfer ProtocolGTP GPRS Tunneling ProtocolSNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
ICM Berlin 03 2003 Page 42 © Siemens, 2003
Mobile OSS – Open Interface Policy
ElementManagerElement
Manager
NetworkElements
Subscriber MgmtFaultMgmt
OSS SystemsSiemens offers interfaces,
consulting and integration support� Northbound interfaces on
element managers and network elements
� Interfaces are documented in detail
� Interoperability tests offered to mobile operators and to OSS vendors
Benefits� Open access to Siemens Network equipment’s northbound interfaces� Mobile network operators are not restricted to proprietary solutions� Open interfaces cut integration costs
ConfigMgmt
Perform.Mgmt
FM CM PM
ServiceBilling
Service Assurance
Service Fulfillment