growth from birth to age 5 psy 121 chapters 5 - 10 part 1
Post on 19-Dec-2015
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Growth from Birth to Age 5
Growth from Birth to Age 5
PSY 121 Chapters 5 - 10
Part 1
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Sensation versus Perception
•Receiving environmental stimuli versus
•Giving meaning to information received by the sensory system
•Receiving environmental stimuli versus
•Giving meaning to information received by the sensory system
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Neuron
•Parts of a neuron•dendrite
•cell body
•axon
•synapse
•myelin
•Parts of a neuron•dendrite
•cell body
•axon
•synapse
•myelin
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A NEURON
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The Brain
•Left brain processes verbal, numerical, textual & logical information
•Right brain processes spatial, colored & creative information
•Left brain processes verbal, numerical, textual & logical information
•Right brain processes spatial, colored & creative information
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•Hemispheres have differing functions but don’t work independently.•Both generally work together to
perform most tasks.
•One side may be faster.
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Left Hemisphere Rt Hemisphere
Language Spatial relationships;artistic abilities
Process positiveemotions
Perception & expressionof emotion; negativeemotions
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The Brain
•Right and left halves are joined
by the corpus callosum.
•Myelination
•Right and left halves are joined
by the corpus callosum.
•Myelination
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Myelin Sheath•Insulation on axon to improve speed of transmission.
•Also insulates axon from activity of other neurons.
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Reflexes
•Survival reflexes•Breathing
•Sucking
•Rooting
•Swallowing
•Survival reflexes•Breathing
•Sucking
•Rooting
•Swallowing
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Other ReflexesOther Reflexes
•Startle or Moro
•Babinski
•Walking (stepping)
•Swimming
•Startle or Moro
•Babinski
•Walking (stepping)
•Swimming
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Motor SkillsMotor Skills
•Gross Motor Skillslarge body movements such as running, climbing, jumping and throwing
•Earliest and easiest to be mastered
•Gross Motor Skillslarge body movements such as running, climbing, jumping and throwing
•Earliest and easiest to be mastered
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•Fine Motor Skills
are smaller body movements such as drawing, buttoning, coloring, tying shoes, using tools, etc..•require some maturation nervous system of to develop
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Types of Play*
•Sensorimotor Play
•Parallel Play
•Rough and Tumble Play
•Play Face
•Mastery Play•Dramatic Play
* not a complete list; categories are not mutually exclusive
•Sensorimotor Play
•Parallel Play
•Rough and Tumble Play
•Play Face
•Mastery Play•Dramatic Play
* not a complete list; categories are not mutually exclusive
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Sigmund Freud
•First clearly delineated “stage theory”• Human development proceeds in orderly stages; one stage
must be reached before the next stage can happen
•Controversial
•Failure to attain success is called fixation.
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Psychosexual Stages
•Oral
•Anal
•Phallic
•Latency
•Genital
•Oral
•Anal
•Phallic
•Latency
•Genital
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Oral Stage
•Focus on the the mouth•feeding, sucking, babbling, blowing
bubbles, etc.
•from birth to 1 year
•fixation = oral-aggressive or oral-receptive
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Anal Stage
•Focus on the anal sphincter muscles
•Toilet-training:freedom and control issues: own body, parents
•fixation = anal-retentive and anal-expulsive
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Phallic Stage
•Centered on the genitals, especially the penis.
•Awareness of sex and gender differences
•Identification with and role-play of same sex parent
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Phallic Stage
•Fixation = Oedipus complex in boys and Electra complex in girls
•castration anxiety for males
•penis envy in females
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Latency and Genital Stage
•Most challenging development happens on oral, anal and phallic stages
•latency - repressed sexuality due to unconscious guilt
•Genital stage - adolescence renewed interest in genital stimulation; adult sexuality
•Most challenging development happens on oral, anal and phallic stages
•latency - repressed sexuality due to unconscious guilt
•Genital stage - adolescence renewed interest in genital stimulation; adult sexuality
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Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages
•Infancy = Basic trust versus mistrust
•Toddlerhood = autonomy versus shame and doubt
•Preschool = initiative versus guilt
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Social Learning Theory
•Modeling: Learning by observation and imitation
•learned aggressiveness and learned helplessness
•Importance of television and other media on learning