growth and development of infants
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Growth and Development of Infants. Growth — changes in size, such as weight and length. Developmen t—increases and changes in physical, emotional, social, or intellectual skills. They are not the same thing !. Head to Foot - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Growth and Developmen
t of Infants
*Growth— changes in size, such as weight and length
*Development—increases and changes in physical, emotional, social, or intellectual skills
*They are not the same thing !
*Patterns of Development
*Head to Foot*Babies first begin to develop control of head
movement, then arms and hands, and finally legs and feet
*Patterns of Development
*Head to Foot*Babies first begin to develop control of head
movement, then arms and hands, and finally legs and feet
*Near to Far*Babies’ development starts close to the trunk and
moves outward
*Patterns of Development
*Head to Foot*Babies first begin to develop control of head
movement, then arms and hands, and finally legs and feet
*Near to Far*Babies’ development starts close to the trunk and
moves outward*Simple to Complex*Babies first develop their large muscle groups, followed
by complex movements and small muscle control
*Developmental Milestones
*Developmental Milestones—Key skills or tasks that most children can do at a certain age range*Used to check a child’s progress*The age at which children may reach each milestone
can vary quite a bit
*Influences on Development
*Heredity*Genetics for physical abilities, likelihood of certain
illnesses, and other physical characteristics, like good vision or early appearance of teeth
*Influences on Development
*Heredity*Genetics for physical abilities, likelihood of certain
illnesses, and other physical characteristics, like good vision or early appearance of teeth
*Nutrition*Getting enough calories and essential nutrients to
fuel proper development
*Influences on Development
*Heredity*Genetics for physical abilities, likelihood of certain
illnesses, and other physical characteristics, like good vision or early appearance of teeth
*Nutrition*Getting enough calories and essential nutrients to
fuel proper development*Health*A healthy baby is more likely to eat well and have
varied experiences that stimulate development
*Influences on Development
*Experiences*Quantity and variety of experiences impacts brain
development
*Influences on Development
*Experiences*Quantity and variety of experiences impacts brain
development*Environment*A stimulating environment—one in which the baby
has a wide variety of things to see, taste, smell, hear, and touch—enhances connections in the brain*Other environmental factors, like living conditions
and family relationships affect development greatly
*Physical Growth and
Development
*Growth Chart
*Shows average weight and height for babies at various ages*Boys and girls are recorded separately because their
growth patterns differ*Very few babies match “average” measurements,
because they grow at their own rate*Doctors watch for a steady pattern of growth rather than
individual measurements
*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight
in their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly
*Growth During the 1st Year
*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight
in their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly*In the first 6 months, a healthy baby gains about 1-2
pounds per month
*Growth During the 1st Year
*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight
in their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly*In the first 6 months, a healthy baby gains about 1-2
pounds per month*From 6-12 months, average weight gain is about 1
pound per month
*Growth During the 1st Year
*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight in
their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly*In the first 6 months, a healthy baby gains about 1-2
pounds per month.*From 6-12 months, average weight gain is about 1
pound per month.*Birth weight usually triples by the end of the first year
*Growth During the 1st Year
*Weight*Most newborns lose about 10% of their birth weight in
their first 5 days of life; then begin to gain weight rapidly*In the first 6 months, a healthy baby gains about 1-2
pounds per month.*From 6-12 months, average weight gain is about 1 pound
per month.*Birth weight usually triples by the end of the first year*Boys tend to weigh slightly more than girls during infancy
*Growth During the 1st Year
*Length*Babies are measured while lying down, so it is called
“length” rather than “height”
*Growth During the 1st Year
*Length*Babies are measured while lying down, so it is called
“length” rather than “height”*Babies will add approximately 25% to their birth
length in the first four months and an additional 25% by their first birthday
*Growth During the 1st Year
*Length*Babies are measured while lying down, so it is called
“length” rather than “height”*Babies will add approximately 25% to their birth
length in the first four months and an additional 25% by their first birthday*Boys tend to be slightly longer than girls during
infancy
*Growth During the 1st Year
*Vision*Newborns have blurry vision but within a week they
can focus on objects about 7-10 inches away*Objects appear two-dimensional, like a picture*They prefer to look at patterns with high contrast,
such as stripes, bull’s-eyes, or simple faces*Often have crossed eyes or a wandering eye
*Development During the 1st Year
*Vision*At one month, babies can focus on an object as far
as 3 feet away*Begin to develop Depth perception—the ability to
see things as three-dimensional*This helps them interact with the world by being able to
track and reach for objects
*Development During the 1st Year
*Vision*By six months, eyesight reaches clarity and
sharpness of the adult level
*Development During the 1st Year
*Hearing*Hearing develops before birth, and unborn babies
often respond to sounds*Newborns can tell the general direction a sound
comes from*Newborns respond to tone of voice rather than words*By 7 months, babies recognize parents and other
caregivers by their voices
*Development During the 1st Year
*Touch*Newborns lack ability to explore their world through
touch but can learn through others touching them*Babies first begin to notice different textures, such
as a soft blanket or a scratchy, whiskery chin*After the baby is able to grab objects, touch plays a
big part in learning and development
*Development During the 1st Year
*Smell and Taste*Within 10 days, they can recognize their mother by
smell*Two-week old babies can differentiate tastes and
show a preference for sweet tastes*Throughout infancy, babies put anything they can in
their mouths. This is a primary way of learning about their world.
*Development During the 1st Year
*Voice*Newborn voice is shrill and without much tone*As lungs, throat muscles, tongue, lips, teeth and
vocal cords develop, voice softens and becomes more tonal*Babies prepare for speech by imitating word-like
sounds
*Development During the 1st Year
*Motor Skills*At birth, babies have little muscle control. Most
movements are reflexes—instinctive, automatic responses*Gross motor skills develop faster*Controlling the head is one of the first gross motor skills
infants develop*Fine motor skills develop slower*Opening and closing hands to purposefully grasp an
object is one of the first fine motor skills infants develop
*Development During the 1st Year
*Hand-Eye Coordination*Hand-Eye Coordination—the ability to move the
hands and fingers precisely in relation to what is seen*Newborns have very poor hand-eye coordination*By 3-4 months babies begin to grab for objects they
see and bring them to their mouth*By 12 months babies have no problem picking up an
object and moving it to another place
*Development During the 1st Year