growing nuts in connecticut€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... growing nuts in...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
GROWING NUTS IN
THE NORTH-EAST
Sandra L. Anagnostakis
The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station
New Haven, CT
![Page 2: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
![Page 3: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Timber Trees and Orchard Trees
![Page 4: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Timber trees put all their energy into
growing tall, and usually delay nut
production and then produce small nuts
• Orchard trees stay short and spreading
and put their energy into producing
large nuts, usually sooner than timber
trees
![Page 5: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Definitions Seedling grown from seed, pedigree unknown
Variety timber or orchard, white flowers or red flowers, early bearing or late bearing Cultivar graft of a scion (twig) from a tree with known pedigree and characteristics onto a suitable rootstock tree, given a registered name
![Page 6: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Orchard Trees Need: • Sunlight: to the full canopy
• Water: at least one inch per week throughout the summer
• Weed control around the trunk: 3 or 4 feet out from the trunk in a circle
• Protection from deer and bear
![Page 7: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Choose The Crop
• Time of flowering
• Time of harvest
•Possibility of inter-planting
![Page 8: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cultivars or Seedlings?
Grafted trees, known pedigree Unknown parents Predictable quality Unpredictable quality Early flowering, production Late flowering, production Expensive Much cheaper
Quality pays for itself in the long run.
![Page 9: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Choose The Cultivars
• Will they flower at the same time?
• Will the trees pollinize each other?
![Page 10: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Know How They Grow
Feeder roots, Top 8 to 10 inches
Anchor roots, >10 inches deep
![Page 11: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
PRUNE THEM YOUNG
6 feet
Remember that you will have to work UNDER the branches
![Page 12: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
POSSIBILITIES
![Page 13: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Heartnut Juglans ailantifolia var cordiformis
![Page 14: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
•A variety of Japanese walnut
•Many cultivars available
•Reliably winter-hardy
•Hulls easily removed when dry
•Nuts easy to crack
•Mild flavor, rather “buttery”
![Page 15: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Inter-cropping is possible:
with fast growing, low profile annuals such as
Pumpkins, Squash Bush beans
![Page 16: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Black Walnuts Juglans nigra
![Page 17: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Hulls difficult to remove, and must
be removed “fresh” (and will stain
everything black!)
• Nuts very hard to crack
• Strong, earthy flavor
• Shells worth more than the kernels
![Page 18: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
INTER-CROPPING FAILS DUE TO JUGLONE
PRODUCED BY THE ROOTS
HAY SUCCEEDS
![Page 19: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Black walnut
White birch trees
![Page 20: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Shagbark Hickory Carya ovata
![Page 21: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
•Hardiest of the hickories
• Inter-cropping is possible
•Hull splits off in sections
•Nuts easy to crack
•Mild, walnuty flavor
![Page 22: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Shellbark Hickory Carya laciniosa
![Page 23: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• Grows on wetter sites than Shagbark
• Inter-cropping is possible
• Hull splits off in sections
• Shells harder than those of Shagbark
• Mild, walnuty flavor
![Page 24: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Persian walnut Juglans regia
![Page 25: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Carpathian variety hardier than those grown in California (the typical “grocery store” walnuts)
• Usually grafted on black walnut root stocks (which will produce juglone)
• Hulls split and release the nuts • Nuts very easy to crack • Very mild flavor
![Page 26: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Chestnuts genus Castanea
![Page 27: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• American chestnuts and chinquapins (three or one nut per bur) o Very small nuts, sweet flavor,
susceptible to several diseases
• European chestnuts and “marrons” o Medium to large nuts, mild flavor,
susceptible to several diseases
![Page 28: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Chinese chestnuts o Medium sized nuts, mild flavor,
resistant to many diseases
• Japanese chestnuts o Very large nuts, pell (thick
fibrous layer under the shell) hard to remove and bitter, resistant to most diseases
![Page 29: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• Many excellent hybrids available • Best grown as grafted cultivars of
know quality • Inter-cropping is possible • Burs of most cultivars open to
release nuts when ripe • Highly perishable, and must be
kept refrigerated and not allowed to dry out
![Page 30: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
HARVESTING NUTS
![Page 31: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Bag-a-Nut
Facma harvester
Nut Wizard Bag-a-Nut
![Page 32: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Cooking with Nuts
www.NorthernNutGrowers.org
The Centennial Cookbook
![Page 33: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Plan the size of your orchard
![Page 34: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Joe Cavaliere ½ acre with 5 trees
![Page 35: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Luginbuhl chestnut orchard Ellington, CT Produced 400 pounds of nuts in 2011
![Page 36: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Owl Creek Ranch, California
84 acres with 9000 hybrid chestnuts
![Page 37: GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT€¦ · typical “grocery store” walnuts) ... GROWING NUTS IN CONNECTICUT Author: Sandra Anagnostakis Created Date: 1/20/2012 2:25:59 PM](https://reader031.vdocuments.us/reader031/viewer/2022011803/5b7bfecc7f8b9adb4c8dea60/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Even though 9,000 trees may be a little ambitious for Connecticut, growers can diversify their crops
by adding nut trees, and just a few acres of trees can provide additional income or an
interesting hobby.