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2/13/2019 1 Growing Lettuce in Indoor Farms Krishna Nemali Email: [email protected] Tel: (765) 494 8179 Courtesy: Aerofarms

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Page 1: Growing Lettuce in Indoor Farms - ag.purdue.edu...Indoor Farming: Benefits • On an average, artificial lighting is used for 16 h/day in indoor agriculture • Electrical energy costs

2/13/2019

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Growing Lettuce in Indoor Farms

Krishna NemaliEmail: [email protected]: (765) 494 8179

Courtesy: Aerofarms

Page 2: Growing Lettuce in Indoor Farms - ag.purdue.edu...Indoor Farming: Benefits • On an average, artificial lighting is used for 16 h/day in indoor agriculture • Electrical energy costs

2/13/2019

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More is produced in less space

Positive impact on environment• Low water use (~80 to 90% reduction)• Less pollution from reduced pesticides and fertilizers runoff• Reduced soil erosion

Human welfare• Focus is on nutritious and high value crops like vegetables, greens and herbs• Increase in locally produced vegetables leading to increased access and consumption•

Impacts large population• Urban farms provide employment in local communities• Small business model, opportunities for unemployed youth

Indoor Farming: Benefits

• On an average, artificial lighting is used for 16 h/day in indoor agriculture

• Electrical energy costs for lighting can be 25 to 30% of operational costs

Electrical energy use in indoor agriculture

Page 3: Growing Lettuce in Indoor Farms - ag.purdue.edu...Indoor Farming: Benefits • On an average, artificial lighting is used for 16 h/day in indoor agriculture • Electrical energy costs

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Price per KWh is continuously increasing in the US

Full spectrum Red : BlueFluorescent

Light fixtures for indoor agriculture

Page 4: Growing Lettuce in Indoor Farms - ag.purdue.edu...Indoor Farming: Benefits • On an average, artificial lighting is used for 16 h/day in indoor agriculture • Electrical energy costs

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How to determine which lighting option is best for you?

Electrical Energy‐use Efficiency (EUE)

𝐸𝑈𝐸𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ 𝑙𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑢𝑐𝑒

𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦𝑙𝑏

𝐾𝑊ℎ

Fixtures with highest EEE are the best

Electrical energy consumption: KWh

Kilo Watt hour (KWh): A measure of electrical energy consumption; equivalent to 1000 W of electrical power consumed in an hour.

Electrical companies charge based on number of KWh ($11 to 13 cents/KWh)

Example:  HPS lamps: 1000 W or 1 KWh

Page 5: Growing Lettuce in Indoor Farms - ag.purdue.edu...Indoor Farming: Benefits • On an average, artificial lighting is used for 16 h/day in indoor agriculture • Electrical energy costs

2/13/2019

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Cost‐benefit analysis of fixtures

Red : Blue

Full spectrum

T8

Three commercial LED light fixtures (~130 W power each) were used as treatments:

SR6 , Red : Blue,  Full spectrum

Green leaf, Red leaf, Romaine and Boston lettuce varieties were grown under each light 

Plants were grown for 23 days under 24 h lighting, 22 to 27 o C and supplied a recycling nutrient solution with an EC of 1.8 dS∙m‐1

12 replications × 3 light treatments × 4 lettuce varieties × 4 plants/variety (split‐split plot design)

Light fixture Cost Power  Energy consumption

($.m‐2) (W.m‐2) (KWh∙m‐2∙day‐1)

Fluence_FS 406 136 3.26

Fluence_RB 423 130 3.12

SR6 160 135 3.24

Light fixture characteristics

Page 6: Growing Lettuce in Indoor Farms - ag.purdue.edu...Indoor Farming: Benefits • On an average, artificial lighting is used for 16 h/day in indoor agriculture • Electrical energy costs

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Waveband Fluence_FS Fluence_RB SR6

Blue % (400‐499 nm) 20 13 25

Green % (500‐599 nm) 44 19 46

Red % (600‐699 nm) 36 68 29

Light intensity and composition

DLI (mol∙m‐2∙day‐1) 25 21 37

Plant growth differences among light treatmentsFull spectrum Red : Blue SR6

Butterhead

Romaine

Red leaf

Green leaf

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Fluence_FS Fluence_RB SR6

Butterhead62.2 b 71.7 a 55.0 b

Romaine44.8 a 51.4 a 41.6 a

Red leaf65.9 b 82.4 a 52.7 b

Green leaf85.7 b 112.0 a 77.6 b

Least square means for shoot fresh weight∙plant‐1

Mean separation within a variety by Tukey‐Kramer method, p<0.05 considered significant

Light FW Crop value1 Energy cost2

(g∙m‐2) ($∙m‐2) ($∙m‐2)Fluence_FS 2328 b 15.39 7.50Fluence_RB 2858 a 18.90 7.18

SR6 2042 b 13.51 7.45

Cost vs. Benefit

1 $2.50 per pound of lettuce2 $0.10 per KW.h

Page 8: Growing Lettuce in Indoor Farms - ag.purdue.edu...Indoor Farming: Benefits • On an average, artificial lighting is used for 16 h/day in indoor agriculture • Electrical energy costs

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Waveband Fluence_FS Fluence_RB SR6

Blue (400‐499 nm) 20 13 25

Green (500‐599 nm) 44 19 46

Red (600‐699 nm) 36 68 29

Percentage of blue, green and red wavebands emitted by light fixtures

Conclusions

Lower blue% in Fluence_RB increased leaf growth, thereby enabling plants to intercept more light early, leading to faster growth rate and biomass production and higher LUE; for higher EUE, it is important to increase LUE than merely increasing PPE. LUE appears to contribute more to energy use efficiency than PPE

Questions?

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