growing bunch grapes in mississippi · villard blanc — long, loose clusters, nonslipskin, obvious...
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GROWING BUNCH GRAPES IN MISSISSIPPI
ERIC T. STAFNE
ASSOCIATE EXTENSION AND RESEARCH PROFESSOR
MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY
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HARDINESS ZONE MAP
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THE GRAPE
Family: Vitaceae
Has 11 genera, including Vitis
Has 600 species
Vitis is only food-bearing genus in family
Vitis has two subgenera: Euvitis and Muscadinia
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PREFERRED GROWING CONDITIONS
Warm summer temperatures √ Cool night temperatures
Dry summers X
Mild winter temperatures √
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CAN BUNCH GRAPES GROW IN MISSISSIPPI?
Good cultivar selection is important.
Many commonly available cultivars do not survive in the Gulf South area, so care should be taken in making a decision on what to grow.
They require a lot of management and significant attention to detail.
Bunch grape growing is more difficult than growing muscadines for these reasons.
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WHAT ARE THE LIMITATIONS TO GROWING BUNCH GRAPES?
Big limitation is Pierce’s Disease. It is a bacterial diseasespread by sharpshooter leafhoppers. This disease kills manygrape cultivars, including the most widely known Europeancultivars.
Fungal diseases are also prevalent and must be controlled.Birds and other animals can also reduce yields.
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PIERCE’S DISEASE
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SHARPSHOOTERS
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CULTIVAR DECISIONS
Not all grow well in Mississippi
You decision should stem from knowledge of climate, disease, genetics, market, etc.
“I like to drink or eat …” not a good enough reason for commercial production
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CULTIVARS OF V. VINIFERA
‘Chardonnay’
‘Cabernet Sauvignon’
‘Merlot’
Thousands more
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INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDS
Originally started as breeding for rootstocks
Amateur grape breeders pushed it forward looking for vines with roots resistant to phylloxera, foliage resistant to fungal diseases, and fruit that could produce wines more similar to vinifera types
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TRIAL LOCATIONS
Where: Poplarville, MS and Beaumont, MS
Purpose: to observe and evaluate known and untested cultivars with eye to improving recommendations; to learn if MS is yearning for grapes
Future possibilities: small-scale breeding, cooperative testing with existing breeding programs, studies evaluating genotype x environment interactions
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PROVEN GULF SOUTH CULTIVARS
Lake Emerald — good fruit set, susceptible to disease on ripening fruit, vine vigor good
Champanel — few clusters, slipskin, mild fruit flavor, cluster size medium to large, “slimy” pulp, some nutritional deficiency symptoms, possible PD symptoms, vine vigor moderate, clusters loose
Conquistador — good fruit set but fruit ripens unevenly, vine vigorous
FAMU 99 — vigorous vine, good fruit set, poor tasting fruit
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PROVEN GULF SOUTH CULTIVARS
MidSouth — low to moderate vine vigor and yield, small clusters, intriguing “raspberry” flavor, slipskin, high acid
Villard blanc — long, loose clusters, nonslipskin, obvious “wine”-like grape flavor, vines moderate vigor
Blanc du bois — vines very vigorous, high yields, large to medium cluster size, anthracnose a problem, slipskin
Miss blanc — less vigorous than VB and BdB, less fruit too, but disease resistant, high acid
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BLANC DU BOIS
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MISS BLANC
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VILLARD BLANC
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CONQUISTADOR
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UNDER TRIAL
Cynthiana/Norton — low to moderate vigor, north MS better
Victoria Red — some Pierce’s Disease symptoms (PD), not extremely productive, clusters variable in size and shape, some vines little crop while others better, bird depredation and bees a problem, fruit is crisp and sweet with good flavor (close to neutral), some seeds, vines have good vigor, non-slipskin
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VICTORIA RED
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POOR PERFORMERS
Cimarron — very few clusters, small cluster size, slipskinwith “Concord-like” flavor, some PD symptoms, moderate vine vigor
Sunset — little crop, possible PD symptoms, low vigor
Rubaiyat — PD symptoms, vine vigor varies among vines, some vines no fruit and some lots, slipskin, red flesh, flavor mild to neutral, good sized clusters when present, some vines appear stressed, some uneven ripening, some nutritional deficiency symptoms, bird and bee depredation, dieback after harvest
Himrod — poor growth, no fruit
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NEEDS
New Cultivars
Markets exist for table grapes but seeds/skins/shelf-life limit potential
Wine market growing, becoming more sophisticated
Sustained research priorities and funding
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