grouting methods by soil type - ags (hk) · and partial replacement by, a cement grout mix; the...
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GROUND IMPROVEMENT
Trevi Construction Co., Ltd., Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong
APPLICATIONS OF JET GROUTING TECHNOLOGY IN HONG KONG
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 2
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Technology
Features: disaggregation of the soil and its mixing in place with, and partial replacement by, a cement grout mix; the disaggregation is achieved by high energy jet of one or more fluids, one of them being the grout mix itself.
Limits: • risk of surface movements • highly experienced personnel • strict safety rules • expensive equipment • large quantity of spoil to be
managed
Applicable soils: from peaty clays to gravel
Achievable results: increasing strength reducing horizontal & vertical permeability(for block treatment)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 3
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Grouting methods verses soil type
Jet grouting can be used in the largest range of soil types
k = 10−4 k = 10−5 k = 10−6 k = 10−3 k = 10−2
k = 𝑚/𝑠
0.05 0.23 0.50
microfine Cement Grouting
k = 10−7
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 4
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Soil Erodibility
Soil erodibility plays a major role in determining geometry, quality and production.
Cohesionless soils are typically more erodible than cohesive soils.
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
“single fluid” One fluid (cement grout) for both breaking up the ground and cementing it
“double fluid” two fluids (cement grout
& compressed air) for both breaking up the
ground and cementing it
rods
compressed air
spring or ball-valve
drilling bit
cement grout
coaxial nozzle
rods
nozzle
spring or ball-valve
cement grout
drilling bit
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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting systems in use in Hong Kong by Trevi
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
“single fluid”
Typical column’s diameters:
400 - 1200 mm
“double fluid”
Typical column’s diameters:
800 - 2500 mm
cement grout
compressed air
compressed air
coaxial nozzle
cement grout
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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting systems
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Spoil
40 MPa
Density of spoil =
1.6 – 2.0 t/mc Pressure kinetic energy
Spoil return shall be maintained at all times, to avoid hydrofracturing of soil
220 m/sec
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Mix type vs permeability & grain size
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 9
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Permeation Grouting
Applicable soils: silty sands to gravel
Achievable results: • increasing strength • reducing horizontal & vertical
permeability Limits: • experienced personnel • quite expensive plants • quite expensive QC systems • high costs of materials when
dealing with fine fissures
Features: Replacing interstitial water or gas of a porous medium with a cement based or chemical grout at injection pressures low enough to prevent uplift.
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 10
Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Fracture Grouting
Features: fracturing of a ground by the injection of a grout mix under pressure thick enough to induce excess of local tensile strength and confining pressure”.
Applicable soils: dense sandy formations, stiff cohesive formations, very soft rock (shale etc.)
Achievable results: • increased load bearing capacity
by compressing the soil between the grout lenses
• reduced vertical permeability
Limits: • risk of heaves at the surface • experienced personnel • extensive instrumentation • no influence on horizontal
permeability
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Permeability = 10-6 m/s - 10-8 m/s (lower values associated to cohesive formations).
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Seminar on Grouting and Deep mixing Jet Grouting Characteristics of the treated soils
Final Strength is a function of the original ground and the quantity of cement jetted into the ground itself.
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme Location at Ch. 545
TBM maintenance chamber
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Cross-section chainage 545(TBM maintenance chamber)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
TBM Maintenance Chamber at chainage 545
Pictures taken inside the chamber from TBM
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 19
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Jet Grouting Block Treatment at Break-out
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
SHAFT CROSS-SECTION BREAK-OUT
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 21
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 22
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Grout Column Sample Coring at TBM Shaft
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Grout Column Sample Coring at TBM Shaft
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 24
DC/2007/16 Lai Chi Kok Transfer Scheme
Grout Column Sample Coring at TBM Shaft
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Jetting rig SM20 in action at Kowloon (MTR 810A)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Excavated column in Marine Deposit at Kowloon(MTR 810A)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Jetting rig SM14 with horizontal silo(background) where overhead restriction applies(Pier 15)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong
Mixing plant with vertical silos in Central (Contract 18)
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Applications of Jet Grouting Technology in Hong Kong 29
Stans – Tunnel Excavation
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TREVI Division
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Global presence – Ground Engineering division
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