grouping hyperlinks for improved voice/mobile accessibility
DESCRIPTION
Alex Penev's presentation at W4ATRANSCRIPT
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Grouping hyperlinks for improved voice/mobile accessibility
Alex Penev
UNSW / NICTA (Australia)
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Accessibility
Heavily presentation-oriented web blind users “read” sequentially
layout gets in the way
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Accessibility
Heavily presentation-oriented web blind users “read” sequentially
layout gets in the way
mobile users have small-screen devices For some users, “less is more”
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Hyperlinks
Often visit a site with intention of following a link
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Hyperlinks
Often visit a site with intention of following a link
Idea: cluster links partition a page’s links into topical
groups helps find a link (cf. IVR) way to organize a set of links
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Example: Centrelink.gov.au
Government agency, human services Population obtains info, forms, etc. …but do not visit regularly
information need
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Centrelink
111 links on the page Some problems for blind users:
pop-up menus flatten it?
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Centrelink
111 links on the page Some problems for blind users:
pop-up menus flatten it?
Some problems for mobiles: hard to fit/navigate a 3-tier pop-up menu
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Link clustering
Group related links together hopefully in topical groups
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Link clustering
Group related links together hopefully in topical groups
How? label links with descriptions partition descriptions assign summary label to each cluster
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Link clustering
Navigation process: invoke clustering step presented with clusters
advertise a label
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Link clustering
Navigation process: invoke clustering step presented with clusters
advertise a label
select best-sounding cluster layout is lost
Faster than serial reading
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Forming descriptions
A set of keywords for each link anchor text, nested tags, URL, content
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Forming descriptions
A set of keywords for each link anchor text, nested tags, URL, content
further possibilities: anchor text window, folksonomy tags, <meta>, ontology
Example australia.gov.au
australia, gov, government, website, travel, taxes, business, people, immigration, etc.
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Forming descriptions
Descriptions can be short and have little overlap
Solution?
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Forming descriptions
Descriptions can be short and have little overlap
Solution? take into account layout by spreading a
link’s influence across DOM borrow descriptions from neighbor links decay weight with distance
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Clustering step
Propagation enriches descriptions relates neighboring links less sparse feature vectors
good for clustering!
Use a partitioning algorithm e.g. k-means
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Possible uses
Blind users navigate to link via clustering
skip layout, skip uninteresting topics general surfing?
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Possible uses
Blind users navigate to link via clustering
skip layout, skip uninteresting topics general surfing?
Mobile users portal pages
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Sample results - Centrelink
12 clusters agency, site, main sections, welfare
allowances, study & training, health, carers, family, children, maternity & job search/retirement, farming, online security
Full table in paper
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Conclusion
Simple, well-known ideas applied to a different problem VSM (tf.idf), clustering
May help voice/mobile browsing Future work
what is a good description? what is a good label?
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