Adil Qadeer Bme01083001

Adeel Sajid Bme01083040

Haider Hayat Bme01083095

Rehan Nazir Ch Bme01083051

AIR POLLUTION•Any visible or invisible particle or gas found in the air that is not part of the original, normal composition.

Natural: forest fires, pollen, dust storm

Unnatural: man-made; coal, wood and other fuels used in cars, homes, and factories for energy

5 Major 5 Major

Pollutants:Pollutants:

1..) Carbon

Monoxide

2.) Sulfur Dioxide

3.) Nitrogen

Dioxide

4.) Particulate

Matter

5.) Ground Level

Ozone

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide

•colorless, odorless

•produced when carbon does not burn in fossil fuels

•present in car exhaust

•causing headaches, fatigue, and impaired vision

Sulfur DioxideSulfur Dioxide

•produced when coal and fuel oil are burned

•present in power plant exhaust

•narrows the airway, causing shortness of breath, especially in those with asthma

Nitrogen DioxideNitrogen Dioxide

•reddish, brown gas

•produced when nitric oxide combines with oxygen in the atmosphere

•present in car exhaust and power plants

•affects lungs and ; increases chance of respiratory infection

Particulate MatterParticulate Matter

•particles of different sizes and structures that are released into the atmosphere

•present in many sources including fossil fuels, dust, smoke, fog, etc.

•can build up in respiratory system

•cause heart and lung disease; increases risk of respiratory infection

Ground Level OzoneGround Level Ozone

•at upper level, ozone shields Earth from sun’s harmful UV rays

•at ground level, ozone is harmful pollutants

•formed from car, power and chemical plant exhaust

•irritate respiratory system and asthma; reduces lung function by inflaming and damaging lining of lungs

•Combination of gases with water vapor and dust

•Combination of smoke and fog

•Forms when heat and sunlight react gases (photochemical smog)

•Occurs often with heavy traffic, high temperatures, and calm winds

•Limits visibility

•Decreases UV radiation

•Yellow/black color over cities

Effect on vegetationEffect on human beings and animalsEffect on materials

Vegetation exposed to atmosphere containing heavy amount of sulphur dioxide is severly damaged. It is also affected by ozone and nitrogen dioxide

Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Different groups of individuals are affected by air pollution in different ways. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. People with health problems such as asthma, heart and lung disease may also suffer more when the air is polluted.

Air pollution affect material in the following way and cause ecnomic iosses:

Abrasion Deposition of materialDirect chemical attack Indirect chemical attackCorrosion

Control of Air Pollution

Gravity settling chamber Mechanical collectorsVegetationZoning

As the name implies, this category of control devices relies upon gravity settling to remove particles from the gas stream

This device consists of huge rectangular chamber.the gas steam polluted with particulates is allowed to enter from one end. The horizontal velocity of the gas stream is kept low (less then .3 m/s ) in order to give sufficient time for the particles to settle by gravity.

There are two main types of mechanical collectors:

(1) large-diameter cyclones(2) small-diameter multi-cyclonesLarge-diameter cyclones are usually one to

six feet in diameter; while small-diameter multi-cyclones usually have diameters between 3 and 12 inches.

The gas stream enters the cyclone tangentially and creates a weak vortex of spinning gas in the cyclone body. Large-diameter particles move toward the cyclone body wall and then settle into the hopper of the cyclone. The cleaned gas turns and exits the cyclone. Large-diameter cyclones are used to collect particles ranging in diameters from one-sixteenth inch to more than 6 inches.

Plants contribute towards controlling air pollution by utilizing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen in the process of photosynthesis. This purifies the air for the respiration of men and animals.

This method of controlling air pollution can be adopted at the planning stages of the city.

New industries,as far as possible , should be established away from larger cities and the locational decision of large industries should be guided by regional planning.

•Ride your bike

•Tell your friends and family about pollution

•Ride the school bus

•Learn more; stay up to date

•Join a group to stop pollution

•Encourage your parents to carpool to work

•Switch off lights, fan, heat, etc. when you leave the room