Albano, KrizelAlvaro, Jenise ShareenBolinao, Jensine Fatima

Buan, JaneLorenzo, Florence

Cooperative Learning Approach

Effective Teaching Mathods 2nd Editionwww.KaganOnline.comwww.Wikipedia.com

a method of teaching and learning in which students form teams for structured activities to achieve a common goal.

What is Cooperative Learning Approach?

They are individually accountable for their work, and the work of the entire group. Members of cooperative teams work together and have clearly defined roles.

What is Cooperative Learning Approach?

allows students to observe, imitate, and learn from each other.

What is Cooperative Learning Approach?

5 Key Steps in Conducting Cooperative Learning Approach

PRE- INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING

INTRODUCE THE ACTIVITY TO THE STUDENTS

MONITOR AND INTERVENE

ASSESSMENT

PROCESS

Explain the academic task to them and what the criteria are for success.

Prior planning helps to establish the specific cooperative learning technique to be used and lays the foundation for effective group work.

This is where you let the groups run while you circulate through the room to collect observation data, see whether they understand the assignment, give immediate feedback and praise for working together.

Some informal assessment is already done while you are monitoring the groups during the exercise.

Group processing involves asking the groups to rate their own performance and set goals for themselves to improve their cooperative work.

gain from each other’s effortsrecognize that all group members share a

common fateknow that one’s performance is mutually

caused by oneself and one’s team membersfeel proud and jointly celebrate when a group

member is recognized for achievement.

Effects/Results

Model of Cooperative Learning

Cooperative Learning

Forms attitudes and values

Provides models of prosocial behavior

Presents alternative perspectives and viewpoints

Promotes critical thinking, reasoning, and problem solving behavior

Builds a coherent and integrated identity

Resulting in

Improved collaborative skills

Better self- esteem

Increased achievement

PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR- voluntary actions that are intended to help or benefit another individual or group of individuals

TRADITIONAL LEARNING GROUP VS

COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUP

TRADITIONAL LEARNING GROUPS

COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUPS

Focus is on individual performance only.

Group members compete with each other and withhold information - "If you succeed, I loose."

Only individual accomplishments are rewarded.

Focus is on group performance.

Each group member believes that they cannot succeed unless the other members of the group succeed (and visa versa) - If you win, I win!"Group as well as individual accomplishments are rewarded.

Assignments are discussed with little commitment to each other's learning.

Group members help, assist, encourage, and support each other's efforts to learn.

Individual accountability only -- I don't care if the other members in the group learn.

Both group and individual accountability.Members hold self and others accountable for high quality work.

TRADITIONAL LEARNING GROUPS

COOPERATIVE LEARNING GROUPS

Social skills are assumed or ignored.

One person often "takes charge" and does all the work.

Teamwork skills are emphasized -- members are taught and expected to use collaborative skills.

Leadership shared by all members.

No processing of how well the group is functioning or the quality of its work.

Students have time and are given a procedure to analyze how well their groups are functioning, how well they are using the appropriate social skills, and how to improve the quality of their work together.

Little or no attention to group formation (students often select members).

Groups typically large (5-10 members).

Teacher ignores groups.

Teacher assigns students to heterogeneous groups.

Groups are typically small (3 - 5 members).

Teacher observes and intervenes when necessary.

Cooperative learning activities can instill in your learners:

Outcomes of Cooperation

ATTITUDES AND VALUES- Cooperative learning is important

in helping learners acquire from the curriculum the basic attitudes and values they need to think independently inside and outside of your classroom.

Outcomes of Cooperation

PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR- Cooperative learning brings

learners together in adult like settings which, when carefully planned and executed, can provide appropriate models of social behavior.

Outcomes of Cooperation

ALTERNATIVE PERSPECTIVES AND VIEWPOINTS

- Cooperative learning provides the context or “meeting ground” where many different viewpoints can be orchestrated, from which we form more articulate attitudes and values.

Outcomes of Cooperation

INTEGRATED IDENTITY- Cooperative learning can be the

start of stripping away the irrelevant, overly dramatic, and superficial appendages that mask our deepest thoughts and feelings.

Outcomes of Cooperation

HIGHER THOUGHT PROCESSES- Cooperative learning actively

engages the student in the learning process and seeks to improve the critical thinking, reasoning, and problem solving skills of the learner.

Outcomes of Cooperation

COMPONENTS OF A COOPERATIVE LEARNING ACTIVITY

1) Specifying the GOAL of the activity.2) Structuring the task.3) Teaching the collaborative process.4) Monitoring group performance.5) Debriefing.

Cooperative Task Structure

1- Specifying the goal

Identify the outcome

Check for understanding

Set a cooperative tone

2- Structuring the task

Group SizeGroup CompositionTime on taskRole AssignmentProviding Reinforcement, and Rewards

Factors

3- Teaching and Evaluating the Collaborative Process

At the heart of the collaborative skills is the ability to exchange thoughts and feelings with each other at the same conceptual level. Students need to feel comfortable in communicating their ideas, beliefs and opinions to others in a timely and efficient manner.

4- Monitoring Group Performance

TEACHER’S ROLES:• to see that each group remains on track.• to redirect group efforts when needed.• to provide emotional support and encouragement.

5- Debriefing

Openly talking about how the groups functioned during the cooperative activity.

Soliciting suggestions for how the process could be improved.

Obtaining the viewpoints of predesignated observers.

COOPERATIVE LEARNING STRATEGIES

RESEARCH SUPPORTING COOPERATIVE LEARNING

1) Positive Interdependence Students realize that each

individual affects the work and success of the others. The work is structured so that students must share information in order to complete their cooperative tasks.

Essentials

2) Student-to-Student Interaction The teacher openly encourages students to help each other.

Essentials

EssentialsShare resources with each other

Provide constructive feedback

challenge other members' reasoning and ideas

Keep an open mind

Act in a trustworthy way

promote a safe feeling for all by reducing anxiety

3) Individual Accountability Even though students work together, they also perform independently. Each individual's performance is assessed. Students must take personal responsibility for working toward the group goal(s).

Essentials

4) Social Skills Students learn and use

appropriate social skills.

Essentials

Leadership Communication

Decision-making Conflict Management

Trust building