Presented by Kelli Pfau, Ryan Shearon,

Martin Smith, Katherine Spencer, Deandrea

Walker,

Linda VanRavenswaay

May 29, 2012

THE NEW ZEALANDCULTURE

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PRESENTATION TOPICSNEW ZEALAND

Geography (Ryan Shearon) History & Politics (Martin Smith)

Rituals (Katherine Spencer) Music & Art (Deandrea Walker)

Religion (Kelli Pfau)

GOAL OF PRESENTATION: Share information about facets of life in New Zealand by exploring the history of the people and their customs. Discuss first inhabitants of the island – Maori tribes - with special emphasis on both verbal and non-verbal communication concepts of appearance, diversity and cultural values.

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Ryan ShearonGroup Project #5

GEOGRAPHY OF NEW ZEALAND

Auckland on North Island - largest city in the country

NEW ZEALAND: North and South Island

Physical Geography LOCATION: South Pacific Ocean, roughly 1,250 mi southeast of Australia

New Zealand runs roughly north-south, with mountain ranges down much of its length.

SIZE: 268,680 sq. km (about the size of Colorado).

POPULATION: 4,367,800 est. (World Book 2012) (about 80% of people live in cities)

POPULATION GROWTH RATE: 1.02% CLIMATE: Temperate, with sharp regional

contrasts. Different regions can range from tropical

to Antarctic. TERRAIN: Predominately mountainous with

some large coastal plains. CAPITAL: Wellington LIFE EXPECTENCY: 78.66 years. Male-75.67

years, Female-81.78 years. NATURAL RESOURCES: Natural gas, iron ore,

sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone.3

ISLANDS: North Island and South Island as well as: Stewart Island, Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands.

NEW ZEALAND: North and South IslandFacts

It is not unlikely to experience all 4 seasons in one day in most regions of New Zealand.( new-zealand-nz.net)

Christchurch is considered to be the driest area, located in the South Island.

Auckland is considered to be the wettest area, located in the North Island.

Before the arrival of the Maori (1,000 years ago), 80% of New Zealand was covered with forests.

This was home to many, now extinct, animals such as the Moa (first inhabitants; large flightless bird) and the Haast’s Eagle.

The Kiwi, Kakapo, and the Takahe are considered as endanger and unique to New Zealand.

There are no known snakes unique to New Zealand but one spider:

The Katipo: venomous, quite rare, and found on costal regions.

North and South Islands separated by the Cook Straight.

New Zealand’s unique landscape and variety of landforms is due to its position atop the grinding plates of the pacific Rim of Fire. (newzealand.com)

CHRISTCHURCH

AUCKLAND RAINFOREST

NEW ZEALAND: NORTH ISLAND Consists of nine regions:

Auckland, Northland, Gisborne, Bay of Plenty, Waikato, Manawatu-Wanganui, Hawke's Bay, Wellington, and Taranaki. (new-zealand-nz.net)

Almost 90% of Maoris live on the North Island.

Particularly around Northland, Auckland and Waikato.

Relatively sub-tropical climate. receives more than 2,000 hours of

sunshine a year. Temperature hovers at an average of 11º

C. Considered the 14th largest island in the

world. Population around 3,000,000.

With the rest of New Zealanders living on the South Island.

Home to New Zealand’s capital: Wellington.

The most culturally diverse city in New Zealand.

Home to the longest river: The Waikato (425km long)

Home to the largest lake: Lake Taupo Positioned above a geothermal system,

causing heat to rise up and manifest in the form of bubbling mud pools, hot springs, and volcanoes. (blog.hostelbookers.com)

WAIOTAPU THERMAL AREA

MAORI FAMILY

NEW ZEALAND: SOUTH ISLAND

The South Island has seven regions:

Marlborough, Canterbury, Nelson, Otago, Southland, Tasman, and the West Coast.

Considered the Worlds twelfth largest island (151,215 sq. km).

Home to New Zealand's biggest mountain:

Mt. Cook. Two-thirds of the South Island is

mountainous (newzealand.com). South Island has 21 ski fields

where as the North Island has only 4 (blog.hostelbookers.com).

Home to nine of New Zealand’s fourteen national parks.

Home to all 10 of New Zealand’s highest mountains (including Mt. Cook).

Home to New Zealand’s five largest glaciers.

Home to 4 of New Zealand’s 5 largest lakes

Home to roughly ¼ of New Zealanders.

“Te Wai Paunamu,” meaning “the water of greenstone (Maori new-zealand-

nz.net).

FRANZ JOSEF GLACIER

 PANCAKE ROCKS AT PAPAROA NATIONAL PARK

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HISTORY & POLITICS OF NEW ZEALAND

Martin SmithGroup Project #5

Captain James Cook

Maori people arrived in New Zealand from eastern Polynesia

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HISTORICAL TIMELINE 800 AD - Polynesian Maori reached New Zealand. 1642 – Dutch explorer, Abel Janszoon Tasman, sails into

New Zealand waters. Encounter between Māoris and Europeans is violent, leading to bloodshed

1769 - British captain James Cook explores coastline, also in 1773 and 1777

1815 - First British missionaries arrive 1840 - Treaty of Waitangi between British and several

Maori tribes pledges protection of Maori land and establishes British law in New Zealand.

1845-72 - The New Zealand Wars, also referred to as the Land Wars. Maori put up resistance to British colonial rule

1893 - New Zealand becomes world's first country to give women the vote.

1907 - New Zealand becomes dominion within British Empire

1947 - New Zealand gains full independence from Britain

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1853 - House of Representatives’ first 37 members are elected

1854 - First Parliament meets in Auckland 1876 - Provinces are abolished, leaving central

government as the single legislative authority. Hundreds of local bodies soon came into being.

1893 - Universal suffrage is introduced for women aged over 21 (including Māori). New Zealand becomes the first self-governing country to grant the right to vote to all adult women.

1901 - Commonwealth of Australia is established. New Zealand has declined on several occasions to become a member.

1902 - New Zealand adopts its official national flag. 1953 - New Zealand’s name changes in official usage

to the ‘Realm of New Zealand’

POLITICAL HISTORY

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NEW ZEALANDRITUALS

Katherine SpencerGroup Project #5

Anzac Day Poppy

Powhiri: Maori Man and WomanTraditional Dress

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POWHIRITHE MAORI WELCOME

Ceremony of welcome involving speeches, dancing, singing

Spiritual or religious journey where gods, heaven and earth are acknowledged, ancestors remembered and kinship ties reinforced

Commonly seen in everyday New Zealand life Signifies two groups coming together, negotiating the

terms of their engagement and finishing with guests joining their hosts as one

Can happen anywhere that tangata whenua (hosts) wish to formallygreet manuhiri (visitors)

Frequently takes place in the workplace to welcome new staffand important guests

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POWHIRIBASIC ELEMENTS

Ceremony may vary according to the Occasion and the Tribal Area

Basic Pōwhiri includes the following elements:

Karanga is a unique form of female oratory in which women bring a range of imagery and cultural expression to the first calls of welcome (and response). Important role of women during the Powhiri reflects the sacredness of their role within Maori culture.

Whaikōrero (formal speeches) follows the karanga. Skilled speakers craft the language into a series of verbal images. Protocols for whaikōrero during pōwhiri are determined by the kawa (practices) of the marae or local iwi if the Pōwhiri is not held on a marae.

Women performing Karanga

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POWHIRI BASIC ELEMENTS(CONT)

Waiata (song) is sung after each whaikōrero by the group the orator represents. Common to hear traditional waiata during Pōwhiri.

Koha (gift) - generally an envelope of money - is laid on the ground by the last speaker for the manuhiri. Local kuia (female elder) may karanga as an expression of thanks. A male from the tangata whenua will pick up the koha.

Hongi (pressing of noses) signifies the joining together of tangata whenua and manuhiri. Tangata whenua invite the manuhiri to come forward to shake hands (hariru) and hongi.

Hākari (feast) - a shared meal - usually signifies the end of the Pōwhiri.

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ANZAC DAY CEREMONY – APRIL 25

Military funeral - Filled with Solemnity and Symbolism Uniformed service personnel standing motionless

around a memorial, with heads bowed and weapons reversed

Bier of wreaths laid by the mourners Chaplain reading the words from the military burial

service Firing of three volleys Playing of the Last Post Followed by a prayer, hymn, and benediction

Red Poppy – Symbol of Remembrance People of all ages wear a red poppy as a mark of

remembrance for the men and women who died in the course of service for their country

Poppies are a vivid reminder of the sacrifice - the blood lost - in war.

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NEW ZEALANDMUSIC & ART

Deandrea WalkerGroup Project #5

Wood Carving Tattoo Art

Pūtōrino WindInstrument

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New Zealand Art includes traditional Maori - developed from Polynesian art forms. Recent forms take their inspiration from Māori, European and other traditions.Maori visual art consists primarily of four forms: Carving - done in three media – wood, bone, and

stone Tattooing - permanent body and face marking Weaving - used to create numerous things, including

wall panels in meeting houses, as well as clothing and bags (kete)

Painting - not an important art form. Used mainly as a minor decoration in meeting houses

Introduction of European paints allowed traditional painting to flourish - brighter and more distinct colors could be produced

ART

Maori Art

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PERFORMANCE ARTKapa haka - term used to describe Maori performance art Incorporates singing, dancing and facial expressions Every action has a meaning, which ties to the words

Songs (waiata) are sung solo, in unison or at the octave Include lullabies (oriori), love songs (waitata aroha) and

laments (waiāta tangi)

Traditional to end a speech with a song Smaller, traditional wind instruments used by Māori

provided a unique sound The poi (swinging tethered weights through a variety of

rhythmical and geometric patterns) provided a rhythmic accompaniment to waiāta

European missionary influence led to the harmonization that characterizes modern Māori music today

Kapa haka Ceremony

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INSTRUMENTS – TAONGA PUOROTraditional musical instruments of the Maori people fulfilled many functions including a call to arms, dawning of the new day, communications with the gods and the planting of crops. Significant in sacred ritual and story-telling role.

Koauau - small flute, ductless and notchless – made of wood or bone

Putorino - carved from a solid piece of wood, split in half lengthwise, hollowed out like two small waka and lashed together with flax cord or similar substitute for binding

Nguru - small vessel flute made of wood, soapstone or bone - shaped like a whale's tooth.

Pūkaea - traditional Maori trumpet made of wood Pūtātara - traditional Maori conch shell trumpet Pahū Pounamu - made of wood and a jade / greenstone

gong Pūrerehua - made of bone, wood or stone - blade-like and

swung on a long cord

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NEW ZEALAND RELIGION

Kelli PfauGroup Project #5

New Zealand South Island Church

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EARLY MAORI RELIGIOUS BELIEFSMaori Tribes held an essentially spiritual view of

the universe Practiced a form of paganism Tapu – Supernatural concept of mana

(respect/authority) derived from the gods. Supreme god known as Io Two primeval parents, Papa and Rangi - eight divine

offspring Haumia - the god of uncultivated food Rongo - the god of peace and agriculture Ruaumoko - the god of earthquakes Tawhirimatea - the god of weather Tane - the father of humans and god of forests Tangaroa - the god of the sea Tu-matauenga - the war god Whiro - the god of darkness and evil

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MAORI RELIGIOUS BELIEFSReligion Practitioners Senior deities had a Priesthood ( tohunga ahurewa) Responsible for all esoteric rituals Knowledgeable about genealogies and tribal History Believed to control the weather

Ceremonies Public rites performed in the open, at the marae Gods offered first fruits of all undertakings Slaves were occasionally sacrificed to propitiate them Incantations ( karakia ) chanted in flawless repetition to

influence the gods

Death & Afterlife Dying and dead taken to a shelter on the marae Body laid out on mats to receive mourners - hapu or

tribal groups Spirits of the dead made voyage to final abode - a

mysterious underworld

NEW ZEALAND RELIGION

Missionaries introduced Christianity to the Maori - 19th century

Christian prayer (karakia) - start and end Māori public assemblies

Prayers begin new projects, enterprises and personal journeys

New religions in 19th and 20th centuries merged several aspects of Christianity with traditional and non-traditional Māori belief

Includes the power of Ratana church Christmas and Easter - major Christian events 50% of Population is Christian Freedom of religion - protected by Treaty of

Waitangi - 1840 “God Defend New Zealand” - National Anthem of

the country

Ratana Chuch

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CONCLUSIONCMST& 101 Group 5 would like to thank you for the opportunity to present information on the

culture of New Zealand.Topics Covered were:

Geography – Ryan Shearon History & Politics - Martin Smith Rituals – Katherine Spencer Art & Music – Deandrea Walker Religion – Kelli Pfau

Our stated goal for this presentation was to share information about the culture and facets of life in New Zealand by exploring the history of the people and their

customs. The first inhabitants of the island, Maori Tribes, through their rituals, art, music, and religion continue to

influence the culture of New Zealand today.

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QUESTIONS

How is New Zealand art related to New Zealand culture?

Describe events where the national dance of New Zealand is performed. 

What do you think you would like best about being involved in a real live New Zealand ritual welcoming ceremony called "Powhiri“?

Describe the significance of the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi.

What are the responsibilities and roles that the priests fulfill in the Maori religion?

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REFERENCEShttp://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/new-zealand-photos/#/auckland-new-zealand-sunrise_9108_600x450.jpg

http://www.newzea-land.net/Things-to-do.aspx

http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/new-zealand-photos/

http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries/new-zealand-facts/

http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/topic-index/maori-culture/maori-culture_home.cfm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hinepare.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%81ori_music

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taonga_p%C5%ABoro

http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/features/maori-culture/maoriculture_kapahakatematatini_feature.cfm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Cook

http://www.spainexchange.com/guide/NZ-religion.htm

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/491890/Ratana-church

http://www.anzac.govt.nz/significance/traditions.html

http://www.newzealand.com/travel/media/features/maori-culture/maoriculture_powhirimaoriwelcome_feature.cfm