groundwater conditions and studies in the albany area of dougherty county, georgia, 2008 ·...
TRANSCRIPT
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
Open-File Report 2009–1244
Prepared in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission
Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Cover. Cultivated field of gossypium species (cotton), near Bermuda, Dougherty County, Georgia. Photo by Alan M. Cressler, U.S. Geological Survey.
Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
By Debbie Warner Gordon
Prepared in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission
Open-File Report 2009–1244
U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey
U.S. Department of the InteriorKEN SALAZAR, Secretary
U.S. Geological SurveySuzette M. Kimball, Acting Director
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2009
For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment, visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1-888-ASK-USGS
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Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report.
Suggested citation:Gordon, D.W., 2009, Groundwater conditions and studies in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009 –1244, 54 p.
iii
Contents
Abstract ..........................................................................................................................................................1Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................1
Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission Cooperative Water Program....................................1Related Studies .....................................................................................................................................2Purpose and Scope ..............................................................................................................................3Well- and Stream-Numbering Systems ............................................................................................3
Groundwater Conditions ...............................................................................................................................3Factors Influencing Groundwater Levels .........................................................................................3
Precipitation..................................................................................................................................4Groundwater Pumpage ...............................................................................................................5Streamflow ...................................................................................................................................6
Groundwater Levels ............................................................................................................................7Surficial Aquifer ..........................................................................................................................8Upper Floridan Aquifer ...............................................................................................................8Claiborne Aquifer .........................................................................................................................8Clayton and Providence Aquifers .............................................................................................8
Sinkhole Development .........................................................................................................................8Groundwater Quality of the Upper Floridan Aquifer .....................................................................11
Groundwater Studies ..................................................................................................................................15Reports and Technical Presentations ......................................................................................................16Summary .......................................................................................................................................................16Selected References ...................................................................................................................................17Appendix A. Groundwater-Level Hydrographs and Statistics for Continuously
Monitored Recorder Wells and Wells Measured Periodically for 2008 and Period of Record in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia.................................19
Appendix B. Water-Quality Data from the Albany, Dougherty County Area, Georgia, November 2008 ...............................................................................................................49
iv
Figures 1. Map showing monitoring wells and streamgages in the Albany area of
Dougherty County, Georgia .........................................................................................................2 2. Graphs showing total daily precipitation data and cumulative departure
from normal for January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008 ..............................................4 3. Pie diagrams showing water-use data from 1980 through 2007 ...........................................5 4–5. Graphs showing daily mean gage height for the— 4. Flint River at Albany, Georgia (02352500), 2008 ...............................................................6 5. Chickasawhatchee Creek near Leary, Georgia (02354410), 2008 ................................6 6–7. Maps showing— 6. Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area,
Dougherty County, Georgia, November 3 –10, 2008 ........................................................9 7. Albany well field showing sinkhole locations ...............................................................10 8. Graphs showing water levels in well 12L277 and number of sinkholes that
developed in the Albany well field during 2006 through 2008 .............................................10 9. Map showing nitrate concentrations at selected groundwater and
surface water sites in the Albany area, Georgia, November 2008 .....................................11 10. Graph showing nitrate concentrations at selected groundwater wells
and the Flint River, September 1998 – November 2008 ..........................................................13 11. Trilinear diagram showing water quality of the Upper Floridan aquifer
and the Flint River at Albany, Georgia, November 2008 .......................................................14 12–13. Maps showing— 12. Simulated flow paths from a groundwater-flow model
calibrated to October 1999 conditions ...........................................................................15 13. Location of regional groundwater-flow model and
Albany well-field flow model ...........................................................................................16
v
A–1 to A–2. Graphs showing periodic water levels in— A–1. Well 12L371, surficial aquifer, 2003–2008 .......................................................................20 A–2. Well 12L376, surficial aquifer, 2002–2008 .......................................................................21 A–3 to A–20. Graphs showing periodic and daily mean water levels in— A–3. Well 11K003, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1979–2008 ..........................................................22 A–4. Qell 12K014, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008 ............................................................23 A–5. Well 12K141, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1997–2008 ..........................................................24 A–6. Well 12K180, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2003–2008 ..........................................................25 A–7. Well 12L029, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1983–2008 ...........................................................26 A–8. Well 12L030, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1985–2008 ...........................................................27 A–9. Well 12L277, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1998–2008 ...........................................................28 A–10. Well 12L370, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2000–2008 ...........................................................29 A–11. Well 12L372, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2000–2008 ...........................................................30 A–12. Well 12L373, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2003–2008 ...........................................................31 A–13. Well 12M017, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008 .........................................................32 A–14. Well 13K014, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008 ..........................................................33 A–15. Well 13L012, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1977–2008 ...........................................................34 A–16. Well 13L049, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1985–2008 ...........................................................35 A–17. Well 13L180, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1996–2008 ...........................................................36 A–18. Well 12L019, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008 ....................................................................37 A–19. Well 13L011, Claiborne aquifer, 1977–2008 ....................................................................38 A–20. Well 13L015, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008 ....................................................................39
A–21 to A–22. Graphs showing periodic water levels in— A–21. Well 11K002, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008 ....................................................................40 A–22. Well 11L001, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008 ....................................................................41 A–23 to A–29. Graphs showing periodic and daily mean water levels in— A–23. Well 11K005, Clayton aquifer, 1979–2008 .......................................................................42 A–24. Well 11L002, Clayton aquifer, 1973–2008 ........................................................................43 A–25. Well 12L020, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008 ........................................................................44 A–26. Well 12M002, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008 ......................................................................45 A–27. Well 13L002, Clayton aquifer, 1957–2008 ........................................................................46 A–28. Well 13L013, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008 ........................................................................47 A–29. Well 12L021, Cretaceous aquifer system, 1978–2008 ...................................................48
vi
Tables 1. Recorder wells in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia ......................................7 2. Nitrate data from selected wells in the Albany area of Dougherty County,
Georgia, 1998–2008 .....................................................................................................................12 B–1. Site information for water-quality data from the Albany area of
Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008 ..................................................50 B–2. Field parameters for water-quality samples from the Albany area of
Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008 ...................................................51 B–3. Major cations and anions from the Albany area of Dougherty County,
Georgia, October and November 2008 ....................................................................................52 B–4. Nutrients and biological data from the Albany area of Dougherty County,
Georgia, October and November 2008 ....................................................................................53
Conversion Factors and Datums
Multiply By To obtain
Lengthinch 2.54 centimeter.(cm)foot.(ft) 0.3048 meter.(m)mile.(mi) 1.609 kilometer.(km)
Flow Ratemillion.gallons.per.day.(Mgal/d) 0.04381 cubic.meter.per.second.(m3/s)
Vertical coordinate information is referenced to the North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88), except where indicated otherwise.
Horizontal coordinate information is referenced to the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83).
Altitude, as used in this report, refers to distance above the vertical datum.
Specific conductance is given in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius (µS/cm at 25 °C).
Concentrations of chemical constituents in water are given in milligrams per liter (mg/L) and in micrograms per liter (µg/L).
AcknowledgmentsThe.author.appreciates.the.technical.feedback,.guidance,.and.data.provided.by.staff.of..the.Albany.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission,.including.Keith.Goodin,.Lee.Daniel,..Gary.Morfield,.and.Jim.Stolze..
Several.U.S..Geological.Survey.employees.assisted.in.this.project..Appreciation.is..extended.to.Dorothy.F..Payne.for.consultation.and.advice.during.groundwater.model..development.and.to.Jaime.A..Painter.for.Geographic.Information.System.applications.
Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
By Debbie Warner Gordon
Abstract The.U.S..Geological.Survey.has.been.working.
cooperatively.with.the.Albany.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission.to.monitor.groundwater.quality.and.availability.since.1977..This.report.presents.an.overview.of.groundwater.conditions.and.studies.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.Georgia,.during.2008..Historical.data.also.are.presented.for.comparison.with.2008.data..Ongoing.monitoring.activities.include.continuous.water-level.recording.in.24.wells.and.periodic.water-level.measurements.in.5.wells..During.2008,.water.levels.in.10.of.the.continuous-recording.wells.were.below.normal,.corresponding.to.lower.than.average.rainfall..Groundwater.samples.collected.from.25.wells.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.indicate.that.nitrate.levels.during.2008.were.similar.to.values.from.2007,.with.a.maximum.of.12.5.milligrams.per.liter.at.one.well..
Water.samples.collected.from.the.Flint.River.and.wells..at.the.Albany.well.field.were.analyzed.and.plotted.on.a.trilin-ear.diagram.to.show.the.percent.composition.of.selected.major.cations.and.anions..Groundwater.constituents.(major.cations.and.anions).of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.at.the.Albany.well.field.remain.distinctly.different.from.those.in.the.water..of.the.Flint.River.
To.improve.the.understanding.of.the.groundwater-flow.system.and.nitrate.movement.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.the.U.S..Geological.Survey.is.developing.a.groundwater-flow.model.in.the.Albany.area.of.southwestern.Georgia..The.model.is.being.calibrated.to.simulate.periods.of.dry.(October.1999).hydrologic.conditions..Preliminary.results.of.particle.tracking.indicate.that.water.flows.to.the.well.field.from.the.northwest.
IntroductionLong-term.heavy.pumping.from.the.Claiborne.and.Clay-
ton.aquifers.and.the.Cretaceous.aquifer.system.(Providence.
aquifer),.which.underlie.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.has.resulted.in.substantial.water-level.declines.in.these.deep.aquifers.in.the.Albany,.Georgia,.area..To.provide.additional.water.supply.and.reduce.the.demand.on.the.deep.aquifers,.the.Albany.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission.(WGL).has.developed.a.large.well.field.southwest.of.Albany.(fig..1)..The.supply.wells.at.this.location.are.open.to.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.a.karstic.unit.that.is.the.uppermost.reliable.source.of.ground.water.in.the.area..Because.of.local.recharge.to.the.aquifer,.water.quality.may.be.affected.by.land-use.practices..Nitrate.levels.exceeding.the.10-milligrams-per-liter.(mg/L).maximum.contaminant.level.(MCL;.U.S..Environmental.Protection.Agency,.2000).have.been.detected.in.some.wells.upgradient.from.the.well.field..The.complexity.of.the.groundwater-flow.system.and.water.quality.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.near.the.well.field.prompted.development.of.a.cooperative.water.pro.gram.between.the.U.S..Geological.Survey.(USGS).and.WGL.
Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission Cooperative Water Program
To.address.concerns.about.the.quality.and.availability.of.groundwater.in.the.Albany.area,.the.USGS.and.WGL.initiated.a.cooperative.water.program.during.1977..The.Federal–State.Cooperative.Water.Program.(CWP).is.a.partnership.between.the.USGS,.State,.and.local.agencies.that.provides.information.that.forms.the.foundation.for.many.of.the.Nation’s.water-resources.management.and.planning.activities..The.informa-tion.also.may.function.as.an.early.warning.for.emerging.water.problems..The.fundamental.characteristic.of.the.CWP.is.that.local.and.State.agencies.provide.at.least.one-half.the.funds,.and.the.USGS.performs.most.of.the.work..The.USGS.uses.consistent.techniques.to.collect.and.archive.data.and.stores.the.information.in.a.common.database.available.on.the.Web..The.knowledge.gained.in.the.studies.is.published.and.added.to.the.growing.body.of.information.about.the.hydrology.of.the.area.
2 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Related Studies
Several.studies.are.currently.underway.in.the.southwest.Georgia.area..In.November.2008,.groundwater-level.data.were.collected.from.376.wells,.stream-stage.measurements.were.collected.at.111.sites,.and.stream.discharge.was.measured.at.85.sites.in.the.lower.Chattahoochee–Flint.(CF).and.western.and.central.Aucilla–Suwannee–Ochlockonee.(ASO).River.basins.of.southwest.and.south-central.Georgia..Because.groundwater.is.the.major.water.source.in.the.basins,.and.the.potential.exists.for.pumping-induced.streamflow.reduction.to.affect.downstream.users,.a.quantitative.understanding.of.stream-aquifer.relations.is.essential.to.effectively.manage.water.resources.in.the.lower.CF.and.western.and.central.ASO.River.basins..The.USGS.conducted.an.investigation.to.document.groundwater.levels.and.stream.baseflow.in.the.lower.CF.and.western.and.central.ASO.River.basins.during.low-flow.conditions.in.November.2008..These.data.may.be.used.to.manage.the.water.supply,.to.protect.water.quality,..to.protect.aquatic.habitats,.by.recreational.users..
(http://water.usgs.gov/osw/pubs/nhwc_report.pdf,.accessed.08/10/2009),.and.as.a.basis.for.accurate.calibration.of.groundwater-flow.models.used.to.simulate.water-management.scenarios.for.the.region.
The.USGS—in.cooperation.with.the.State.of.Georgia.Soil.and.Water.Conservation.Commission—is.conducting.a.study.to.evaluate.the.spatial.analysis.of.annually.reported.and.telemetered.water-use.data.for.Georgia..The.objectives.of.the.study.are.to:
•. Review.existing.agricultural.water-use.data.for.completeness.and.consistency;
•. Complete.descriptive.statistics.of.aggregated.data;•. Evaluate.how.well.telemetered.water-use.data.represents.the.total.population.of.annually.reported.water-use.data;.and
•. Identify.spatial.relations.between.and.among.telemetered.and.annually.reported.water-use.sites.(L.J..Torak,.U.S..Geological.Survey,.written..commun.,.June.16,.2009).
Chickasaw
hatchee Creek
Fli
nt R
iver
Kio
kee
Cre
ek
Dry
Creek
Piney Woods Creek
Coo
leew
ahee
Cre
ek
Lee CountyTerrell County
Mitchell County
Wor
th C
ount
y
Baker County
CalhounCounty
Dougherty County
11K005
13L002
12M002
13L01113L01213L013
12K014
12L372(P)
12L372(P)
12L371(P)
12L371(P)
12L27712L376(P)
12K141 12L370
11K003
11K003
13L180
12L030
12M017
13L015
13K014
EXPLANATION
11L001(P)
12L019(P)
11L002
Cretaceous aquifer system— Providence aquifer
Real-time gage
Real-time and precipitation gage
Clayton aquifer
Claiborne aquifer
11K002(P)
Upper Floridan aquifer
Surficial aquifer
Real time
02354410
02354410
12L01912L02012L021
13L04912L029
12L373
12K180
02352500
NOAAAlbany 3 SE
NOAAAlbany 3 SE
FRWPPCAlbany State University
0235250013L013
12L021
Albany
Well field
234
300
19
82
82
Recorder well, identification, and aquifer—(P) measured periodically Stream site and identification
Weather station and name
Sample site
02352560
02352560
0 1 2 3 4
N
0 1 2 3 4 5 KILOMETERS
5 MILESBase from U.S. Geological Survey digital data, 1:100,000Albers Equal-Area Conic projectionStandard parallel 29°30', Central meridian 83°30'
Figure 1.
Figure 1. Monitoring wells and streamgages in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia.
Groundwater Conditions 3
Purpose and Scope
The.objectives.of.the.Albany.CWP.are.to.(1).augment.the.current.level.of.understanding.of.the.hydrogeologic.frame-work.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.and.the.occurrence.of.nitrate.contamination.near.the.WGL.well.field,.(2).monitor.water-level.fluctuations.in.the.four.aquifers.used.in.the.area.and.relate.water-level.trends.to.changes.in.climatic.conditions.and.pumping.patterns,.and.(3).evaluate.and.monitor.water.quality.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.as.pumping.patterns..and.land-use.activities.change..
This.report.provides.an.overview.of.groundwater..conditions.through.2008.and.the.studies.conducted.as.part..of.the.Albany.CWP.during.2008..This.overview.includes.a.summary.of.hydrologic.conditions.based.on:.
•. Continuous.water-level.monitoring.in.a.24-well.network.(fig..1);
•. Construction.of.a.potentiometric-surface.map,..in.the.study.area,.for.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..during.November.2008;
•. Continuous.monitoring.of.streamflow.at.the.Flint..River.(02352500,.fig..1).and.Chickasawhatchee..Creek.(02354410),.and.continuous.precipitation.monitoring.at.the.Flint.River.at.Albany.streamgage.(02352500).and.Georgia.Automated.Environmental.Monitoring.Network.site.at.Albany.State.University.(http://www.griffin.uga.edu/aemn/cgi-bin/AEMN.pl?site=GAAB.accessed.October.9,.2009;.Flint.River.Water,.Planning,.and.Policy.Center.[FRWPPC]..Albany.State.University);
•. Collection.of.water-quality.samples.from.25.wells.and.one.site.on.the.Flint.River.during.November.2008,.for.analysis.of.dissolved.nitrate.and.major.ions.and.analysis.of.pesticides.at.2.of.the.wells.
Water-level.data.for.each.well.for.the.period.of.record,.nitrate.concentrations.from.1998.to.2008,.precipitation.data.from.2004.to.2008,.and.water-use.data.for.every.5.years.from.1980.to.2008.are.presented.for.comparison.with.the.2008.data..In.addition.to.monitoring,.the.USGS.is.developing.a.groundwater-flow.model.to.simulate.groundwater.flow.and.nitrate.flow.paths.near.the.well.field..As.part.of.the.Albany.CWP,.water.levels.are.monitored.in.wells.throughout.Dougherty.County,.two.wells.in.Lee.County,.and.one.well.in.Baker.County,.Georgia.(fig..1).
Well- and Stream-Numbering Systems
In.this.report,.wells.are.identified.using.a.numbering.system.based.on.USGS.topographic.maps..In.Georgia,.each.7-1/2-minute.topographic.quadrangle.map.has.been.given.a.number.and.letter.designation.beginning.at.the.southwestern.corner.of.the.State..Numbers.increase.eastward.through.39,.and.letters.increase.alphabetically.northward.through.“Z”.and.then.become.double-letter.designations.“AA”.through.“PP.”.The.letters.“I”.and.“O,.are.not.used..Wells.inventoried.in.each.quadrangle.are.numbered.sequentially.beginning.with.“1.”.Thus,.the.twenty-ninth.well.inventoried.in.the.Albany.West.quadrangle.(map.12L).is.designated.12L029..Springs.are.considered.groundwater.sites.and.are.identified.in.the.same.manner.as.wells..Surface-water.stations.are.identified.by.a.numbering.system.used.for.all.USGS.reports.and.publications.since.October.1,.1950..The.order.of.listing.stations.is.in.a.downstream.direction.along.the.main.channel..All.stations.on.a.tributary.entering.upstream.from.each.mainstream.are.listed.prior.to.that.station..Each.surface-water.station.is.assigned.a.unique.8.-.to.14-digit.number..Each.station.number,.such.as.02352500,.begins.with.the.2-digit.identifier.“02,”.which.designates.it.as.being.a.surface-water.station,.followed.by.the.downstream-order.number,.“352500,”.which.can.range.from..6.to.12.digits.
Groundwater ConditionsGroundwater.levels.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.
County.have.been.monitored.for.several.decades.as.part.of..the.Albany.CWP..Precipitation.and.groundwater.pumpage.also.are.monitored.to.assess.their.influence.on.groundwater.conditions..Nitrate.concentrations.in.wells.near.the.Albany.well.field.have.been.analyzed.since.the.late.1990s..These.data.are.used.to.guide.water-management.decisions.by.State.and.local.authorities..
Factors Influencing Groundwater Levels
Fluctuations.and.long-term.trends.in.groundwater.levels.occur.as.a.result.of.changes.in.recharge.to.and.discharge.from.an.aquifer..Recharge.rates.vary.in.response.to.precipitation,.evapotranspiration,.and.surface-water.infiltration.into.an.aquifer..Discharge.occurs.as.natural.flow.from.an.aquifer.to.streams.or.springs,.as.evapotranspiration.from.shallow.water-table.aquifers,.as.leakage.to.vertically.adjacent.aquifers,.and..as.withdrawal.(pumpage).from.wells..
4 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
PrecipitationPrecipitation.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County.
influences.groundwater.levels.in.the.shallow.surficial.aquifer.system.and,.to.a.lesser.degree,.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..Changes.in.precipitation.also.affect.quantities.of.groundwater.withdrawn.from.deeper.aquifers.and,.thus,.have.an.indirect.effect.on.groundwater.levels.in.the.Claiborne,.Clayton,.and.Providence.aquifers..To.monitor.precipitation.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.a.real-time.weather.station.at.Albany.State.University.(fig..1).is.operated.by.the.College.of.Agriculture.and.Environmental.Sciences,.University.of.Georgia,.and.a.real-time.streamgage.and.precipitation.site.at.the.Flint.River.at.Albany.is.operated.by.the.USGS.(02352500,.fig..1)..Real-time.monitoring.data.for.these.sites.are.available.at.http://www.griffin.uga.edu/aemn/cgi-bin/AEMN.pl?site=GAAB.and.http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ga/nwis/uv/?site_no=02352500&PARAmeter_cd=00045,.respectively.(accessed.May.15,.2009)..Precipitation.data.also.are.available.for.the.Albany,.Georgia,.area.from.the.National.Oceanic.and.Atmospheric.Administration.(NOAA.Albany.3.SE,.fig..1).at.http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim84/GA/GA090140.txt.(accessed.May.29,.2009).
Precipitation.and.cumulative.departure.from.normal.data.for.2004.through.2008.(NOAA’s.Albany.3.SE.climatic.station).are.shown.in.figure.2..The.cumulative.departure.from.normal.precipitation.data.can.be.used.to.evaluate.trends.in.precipitation.that.typically.relate.to.recharge.of.shallow.aquifers..Cumulative.departure.from.normal.precipitation.data.describe.the.long-term.surplus.or.deficit.of.precipitation.during.a.designated.period.and.are.derived.by.adding.succes-sive.daily.values.of.departures.from.normal.precipitation.data..In.this.report,.daily.precipitation.data.in.inches.and.30-year.(dynamic).normals.from.NOAA’s.Albany.3.SE.climatic.station.were.used.to.calculate.the.cumulative.departure.from.normal.(data.obtained.from.http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/climatenormals/clim84/GA/GA090140.txt,.accessed.May.29,.2009)..Normalprecipitation.for.Albany.3.SE.is.defined.as.the.daily.mean.values.from.1971–2000..A.positive.cumulative.rainfall.slope.indicates.above.average.rainfall,.while.a.negative.slope.indicates.below.average.rainfall.(http://cdo.ncdc.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/climatenormals/climatenormals.pl,.accessed.July.24,.2009)..Cumulative.departure.data.indicate.below-normal.rainfall.through.much.of.2007.and.the.first.half.of.2008..
–25
–20
–15
–10
–5
0
5
10
15
0
1
2
3
4
5
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Cum
ulat
ive
depa
rture
from
norm
al p
reci
pita
tion,
in in
ches
Normal
Prec
ipita
tion,
in in
ches
Figure 2. Figure 2. Total daily precipitation data and cumulative departure from normal for January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008 (NOAA site Albany 3 SE; see fig. 1 for location).
Groundwater Conditions 5
Groundwater PumpageLocations.of.groundwater.pumping.centers.and.amounts.
of.water.withdrawn.from.these.centers.may.greatly.affect.groundwater.levels.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County..Changes.in.pumping.rates.and.the.addition.of.new.pumping.centers.may.alter.the.configuration.of.potentiometric.surfaces,.reverse.groundwater.flow.directions,.and.increase.seasonal..and.long-term.fluctuations.in.the.aquifers..
During.2008,.groundwater.withdrawals.in.Dougherty.County.(excluding.irrigation.pumping),.were..about..22.million.gallons.per.day.(Mgal/d),.of.which.about..51.percent.(11.3.Mgal/d).was.for.public.supply.and.about.
49.percent.(10.7.Mgal/d).was.for.industry.(J.L..Fanning,..U.S..Geological.Survey,.written.commun.,.May.27,.2009)..
From.2007.to.2008,.total.withdrawal.decreased.by.5.3.Mgal/d.due.largely.to.the.closure.of.a.pharmaceutical.company,.which.accounted.for.3.4.Mgal/d.of.the.withdrawal,.and.a.1.43-Mgal/d.reduction.in.public-supply.withdrawals..Irrigation.pumping.in.Dougherty.County.increased.from.about.10.9.Mgal/d.during.1995.to.20.3.Mgal/d.during.2000,.then.decreased.to.about.10.Mgal/d.during.2005.(fig..3;.Fanning.and.Trent,.2009)..Irrigation-pumping.data.are.not.yet.available.for.2008..The.increase.in.irrigation.pumping.in.2000.reflects.drought.conditions.that.lasted.from.1998.until.late.2002.(Fanning.and.Trent,.2009)..
City of Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission
Pharmaceutical
Paper and products
Brewing
EXPLANATION
GROUNDWATER USE, IN MILLION GALLONS PER DAY (Mgal/d)
Other
0
5
10
15
20
25
Irrig
atio
n w
ater
use
,in
mill
ion
gallo
ns p
er d
ay
1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
200727.3 Mgal/d
200822 Mgal/d
200527.3 Mgal/d
200035.00 Mgal/d
199530.6 Mgal/d
199028.4 Mgal/d
198531.5 Mgal/d
198031.4 Mgal/d
Public supply
Industrial
16.5
8.5
2.9
1.42.1
1.4 1.2 1.3 0.81.2 1.6
7.7
2.4 1.0 1.00.76
0.6
2.1 2.22.3
6.6 7.3 6.9
3.83.8
4.8
5.4 4.64.2
0.74
7.74.0 4.8
17.2 18.0 18.9
18.4 13.3 12.6 11.3
Figure 3. Figure 3. Water-use data from 1980 through 2007. Irrigation data for 2007 and 2008 are not yet available.
6 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Streamflow Streamflow.is.monitored.in.real.time.on.the.Flint.River.at.
Albany,.Georgia.(02352500).and.Chickasawhatchee.Creek.near.Leary,.Georgia.(02354410;.fig..1)..The.gage.at.the.Flint.River.at.Albany.was.installed.in.1901,.and.the.gage.at.Chickasawhatchee.Creek.near.Leary.was.installed.during.May.2001;.however,.the.stage.has.been.measured.since.1954..Data.for.each.site.are.avail-able.at.http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ga/nwis/rt,.(accessed.May.29,.2009)..Daily.mean.gage.height.at.the.Flint.River.at.Albany.
was.below.the.historical.median.daily.gage.height.for.most.of.2008.(fig..4)..The.stream.stage.exceeded.the.historical.median.daily.gage.height.periodically.during.2008.storms..Daily.mean.gage.height.at.Chickasawhatchee.Creek.was.close.to.or.slightly.greater.than.the.historical.median.daily.gage.height.from.Janu-ary.to.about.May.when.stream.levels.fell.below.the.historical.median.(fig..5)..In.August,.stream.stage.exceeded.the.historical.median.periodically.during.2008.storms..The.relatively.low.gage.height.at.both.sites.corresponds.to.a.period.of.below-normal.precipi.tation.that.began.in.2006.and.continued.into.2008.(fig..2).
Figure 4.
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure 5.
Figure 4. Daily mean gage height for the Flint River at Albany, Georgia (02352500), 2008. (See fig. 1 for location.)
Figure 5. Daily mean gage height for the Chickasawhatchee Creek near Leary, Georgia (02354410), 2008. (See fig. 1 for location.)
Groundwater Conditions 7
Groundwater Levels
Groundwater.levels.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County.are.continuously.monitored.in.14.wells.as.part.of.the.Albany.CWP.and.in.10.additional.wells.in.conjunction.with.other.projects.(fig..1;.table.1)..Water.levels.are.measured.in.another.five.wells.on.a.periodic.basis..All.data.are.available.on.the.Web.at.http://waterdata.usgs.gov/ga/nwis/dv?referred_module=gw.(accessed.May.15,.2009)..Of.the.29.wells,.2.are.completed.in.the.surficial.aquifer,.15.are.completed.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.5.are.completed.in.the.Claiborne.aquifer,.
6.are.completed.in.the.Clayton.aquifer,.and.1.is.completed.in.the.Providence.aquifer.(fig..1,.table.1)..Hydrographs.showing.annual.daily-mean.(2008).water.levels.and.median.daily.statis-tics.for.the.period.of.record.for.all.continuously-monitored.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A..Field.measurements.were.added.to.hydrographs.when.large.periods.of.data.are.missing..Hydro-graphs.of.water.levels.measured.periodically.also.are.shown.in.Appendix.A..Hydrographs.presented.in.Appendix.A.and.wells.listed.in.table.1.are.ordered.by.aquifer,.then.sequentially.by.their.site.name.(well.identifier);.thus,.well.12K141.precedes.well.12K180,.which.precedes.well.12L029,.and.so.forth.
Table 1. Recorder wells in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia.
[*,.wells.measured.monthly;.project/cooperator:.WGL,.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission;.GaEPD,.Georgia.Environmental.Protection.Division;..FRWPPC,.Flint.River.Water,.Planning,.and.Policy.Center]
Well number (fig. 1)
Well name Aquifer Project/cooperator County
12L371* Albany.WGL Surficial Albany.WGL Dougherty12L376* Albany.WGL Surficial Albany.WGL Dougherty11K003 Nilo.TW.North Upper.Floridan GaEPD Dougherty12K014 Blue.Springs.OW Upper.Floridan GaEPD Baker12K141 Albany.WGL.A750.Lower Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12K180 EPD.MW-2 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L029 USGS.TW.13 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L030 USGS.TW.16 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L277 Albany.WGL Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L370 Albany.WGL Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L372* Albany.WGL Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12L373 EPD.MW-1 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty12M017 USGS.TW.19 Upper.Floridan GaEPD Lee13K014 USGS.TW.15 Upper.Floridan FRWPPC
(Merck.&.Co.,.Inc.)Dougherty
13L012 USGS.TW.3 Upper.Floridan Albany.WGL Dougherty13L049 Turner.1 Upper.Floridan FRWPPC
(Miller.Brewing.Company)Dougherty
13L180 MCLB.Corehole.3.Lower.Ocala Upper.Floridan GaEPD Dougherty12L019 USGS.TW.5 Claiborne Albany.WGL Dougherty13L011 USGS.TW.2 Claiborne Albany.WGL Dougherty13L015 Turner.2 Claiborne FRWPPC
(Miller.Brewing.Company)Dougherty
11K002* USGS.TW.11 Claiborne Albany.WGL Dougherty11L001* USGS.TW.4 Claiborne Albany.WGL Dougherty11K005 USGS.TW.12 Clayton Albany.WGL Dougherty11L002 DNR.Albany.Nursery Clayton GaEPD Dougherty12L020 USGS.TW.6 Clayton Albany.WGL Dougherty12M002 USGS.TW.9 Clayton Lee.County Lee13L002 Albany.WGL,.Turner.City.2 Clayton GaEPD Dougherty13L013 USGS.TW.7 Clayton Albany.WGL Dougherty12L021 USGS.TW.10 Cretaceous.aquifer.system—
Providence.aquiferAlbany.WGL Dougherty
8 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Surficial Aquifer During.2008,.water.levels.were.measured.six.
times.in.well.12L371.and.eight.times.in.well.12L376,.both.of.which.are.completed.in.the.surficial.aquifer.(table.1;.fig..1)..Hydrographs.for.these.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A..Well.12L371.(fig..A–1).was.dry.when.measured.in.January.2008..The.water.level.rose.to.about.5.feet.above.the.bottom.of.the.well.by.March.2008,.then.again.went.dry.in.August,.and.remained.dry.through.the.end.of.2008..Well.12L376.(fig..A–2).also.was.dry.when.measured.in.January.2008,.but.the.water.level.remained.above.the.bottom.of.the.well.throughout.the.rest.of.2008.
Upper Floridan Aquifer Water.levels.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.are.monitored.
in.15.wells.(fig..1)..Hydrographs.for.these.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A.
Water.levels.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.generally..were.below.or.near.the.historical.median.daily.values.for.the.first.half.of.2008,.corresponding.to.below-normal.rainfall..and.increased.pumping..While.water.levels.were.below.historical.daily.mean.for.most.of.2008,.most.had.risen.above.historical.levels.by.December.2008..Upper.Floridan.aquifer.water.levels.in.the.eastern.part.of.Dougherty.County.were.near.the.historical.median.daily.values.through.August.2008..In.September.water.levels.rose.above.the.historical.median.daily.values.because.of.large.amounts.of.precipitation.(well.13L180;.fig..A–17)..Water.levels.fell.below.historical.median.values.again.in.October.but.once.again.rose.above.normal.in.December.2008..
.A.potentiometric-surface.map.for.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.was.constructed.using.data.from.81.wells.in.the.southwestern.Albany.area.during.November.3–10,.2008.(fig..6)..The.potentiometric.contours.are.similar.to.those.for.2007;.water.generally.flows.from.northwest.to.southeast.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.with.no.evidence.of.a.cone.of.depression.at.the.well.field..Water.levels.were.slightly.higher.during.November.2008.than.during.the.fall.of.2007.
Claiborne AquiferWater.levels.are.monitored.in.five.wells.completed.in..
the.Claiborne.aquifer.(table.1;.fig..1)..Hydrographs.for.these.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A.
Water.levels.in.the.Claiborne.aquifer.indicate.delayed.response.to.precipitation.and.a.more.rapid.response.to.pumping.changes.than.those.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..Water.levels.in.well.13L015.(fig..A–20).were.generally.below.the.historical.median.daily.values.except.in.August.and.December.2008..Data.for.well.13L011.(fig..A–19).are.unavailable.for.much.of.the.first.half.of.2008.because.of.equipment.malfunction..During.the.second.half.of.the.year,.water.levels.in.well.13L011.were.above.the.daily.median..The.variability.between.the.two.wells.probably.is.because.of.the.localized.effects.of.pumping.
Clayton and Providence AquifersWater.levels.are.monitored.in.six.wells.completed.in.the.
Clayton.aquifer.and.in.one.well.completed.in.the.Providence.aquifer.(table.1,.fig..1)..Hydrographs.for.these.wells.are.presented.in.Appendix.A,.figures.A–23.through.A–29.
Like.the.Claiborne.aquifer,.the.Clayton.and.Providence.aquifers.do.not.respond.quickly.to.precipitation.and.are.affected.mostly.by.pumping..Water.levels.in.the.Clayton.aquifer.during.2008.were.below.the.historical.median.daily.values.in.wells.11K005.and.11L002,.and.above.the.historical.median.daily.values.in.well.13L013..Water.levels.in.well.13L002.were.near.the.historical.median.daily.values.through-out.2008..Water.levels.in.well.12L020.were.available.only.from.January.through.July.2008,.and.were.above.the.historical.median.daily.values.during.that.time..Water.levels.in.well.12L021,.completed.in.the.Providence.aquifer,.were.above..the.historical.median.daily.values.throughout.2008.
Sinkhole Development
No.new.sink.holes.developed.at.the.well.field.in.2008.(Jim.Stolze,.Albany.Water,.Gas,.and.Light.Commission,.written.commun.,.December.23,.2008)..Figure.7.shows.a.map.of.sinkholes.that.formed.on.the.well.field.prior.to.2008..The.large.number.of.sinkholes.that.developed.during.2007.may.be.a.result.of.low.water.levels.that.followed.a.period.of.high.water.levels.in.2006.(fig..8)..
Groundwater Conditions 9
62
County Line Rd
Old Pretoria
Road
Vand
erbi
lt Dr
Hard
Up
Rd
Rive
r Roa
d
91
91
234
1982
84°10'84°20' 84°15'
31°35'
31°30'
Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey1:24,000-scale digital data
0 1 2 3 MILES
0 1 2 3 KILOMETERS
Albany
DOUGHERTY COUNTY
DOUGHERTY COUNTY
LEE COUNTY
BAKER COUNTY
TERRELL COUNTY
Flint
Cool
eewa
hee
Cre
ek
Rive
r
Well field
Figure 6.
Potentiometric contour—Shows altitude at which water level would have stood in tightly cased wells. Dashed where approximately located. Contour interval 10 feet. Datum is NGVD 29
EXPLANATION
Well (value for review only, will be removed)
150
Direction of groundwater flow
Kiokee
Cre
ek210 200
190
180
170
160
150
140
151.4154.1
153.3
143.2
144.7
153.6
169.6
173.3
152.89
142.62
140.81
141.12
149.21141.58
139.06
147.53
142.35143.61
142.31
145.38
145.67
165.09159.33
159.88162.07
161.89
158.26
168.78171.86
153.29
153.92
153.45 145.95
154.52
143.95
152.79
140.33142.88
145.78
147.38
157.95
133.37
153.94157.69
154.98
156.85
149.41
145.99
157.92
157.73 156.67
155.08146.79
153.36155.32
152.43
156.05
152.11
144.89
156.61
194.36
194.15
192.92
195.13
189.49
185.09 176.84
182.25
152.04
176.52
173.31
167.5
164.2
161.84
157.36
143.33
156.93
168.01
187.67
213.97 193
Figure 6. Potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer in the Albany area, Dougherty County, Georgia, November 3 –10, 2008.
10 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
0
0
1,000 FEET
200 METERS
500
100
FINISH W
ATER
INV. ELEV. = 189.25
INV. ELEV. = 187.50
INV. ELEV. = 186.50
7
12
11
72
4
3
2
6&5;
8
&4 ; 5 6
&510 ; 6
12
11
12
11
13
8
8
WETLAND CELL
BOTTOM OF
X
XFIN
ISHED GRADE
185
.75
7
SOUTH ACCESS ROAD
NORTH ACCESS ROADEAST ACCESS ROAD
M.H.
8" SEWER
7
NATURAL GAS PIPELINE
2 SPARE 4" CONDUITS
M
4" GALV. METER PEDESTALAND 400 amp METER CAN.
2-2" RED COND. FOR SINGLE MODEAND MULTI MODE FIBER TO TIEINTO EXIST. 2" RED COND.
#4/0 URD IN
2.5" C
OND.
PETROLEUM PIPELINE
DAM
DAM
PROPERTY
LINE
PROPERTY LINE
PROPERTY LINE
13
13
N
Wastewater-treatment plant
FENCE
FENCE
FENCE
EXPLANATION
Sinkhole—Year developed
Prior to 2007 2007
Figure 7.
Figure 7. Albany well field showing sinkhole locations. Base map and locations provided by Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission.
0January–
MarchApril–June
July–September
October–December
January–March
April–June
July–September
October–December
January–March
April–June
July–September
October–December
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Num
ber o
f sin
khol
es
2006 2007 2008
Figure 8.
EXPLANATION
Figure 8. Water levels in well 12L277 and number of sinkholes that developed in the Albany well field during 2006 through 2008. (See fig. 1 for location.)
Groundwater Conditions 11
Groundwater Quality of the Upper Floridan Aquifer in the Upper Floridan aquifer had a nitrate plus nitrite concentration of 12.5 mg/L, greater than the 10-mg/L
Water samples were collected from 25 wells in the MCL (fig. 9, table 2). Water from well 12L376, completed southwest area of Albany during November 3–20, 2008 in the surficial aquifer, had a nitrate plus nitrite concen- (Appendix B). Of the 25 wells sampled, 14 are located in the tration of 10.1 mg/L. Since October 2007, nitrate levels well field area where samples have been collected annually have increased in seven wells, decreased in three wells, for the past 10 years. The samples were analyzed for cations, and remained unchanged in one well (table 2). One well anions, and nutrients. A sample from well 12L061 completed that was measured in 2007 was not measured in 2008.
Figure 9. Nitrate concentrations at selected groundwater and surface water sites in the Albany area, Georgia, November 2008.
10M003 11M010 12M053 12M003 12M046 12M01712M02612M052 12M001 12M01512M002 12M009
12M05811M040 12M02212M05411M039 12M05912M049 12M04012M04111M018 12M048 12L02212L400 12M021 12L04312M05711L132
11L125 12L39512L330 12L04511L129 12L04112L374 12L01511L124 11L02411L123
11L015 12L01212L39411L122 12L01711L128 12L39211L110 12L397 12L031
11L018 12L02511L017 12L399 12L04211L002 12L02112L044
12L00711L001 12L02011L003 11L121 12L01912L331 12L016 12L29412L307
12L39811L107 12L396 12L29912L006 12L29312L29111L10811L026 11L119 12L26712L300 12L00111L070 11L106 11L117 12L06212L009 12L003 12L298 12L391
11L005 12L39011L00412L014
12L32111L118
11L02312L32712L04712L31911L113 12L389 12L01312L02811L114 12L04812L268 12L269 12L023
11L029 12L29612L325 12L31810L009 12L30912L303 12L323 12L27512L326 12L276 12L38812L38612L31212L375 12L38712L279 12L04912L05011L014 12L367 12L310 12L351 12L273 12L03011L055 12L366 12L346 12L34311L073 12L368 12L271 12L35412L364 12L342 12L27012L36311L13011L131 12L35612L353 12L383 12L37911L07811L025 11L12612L369 12L274 12L341
11L01911K030 11L127 12L35211K041 12L355 12L381 12L372 12L33811L012 12K18211K02911K028 11L072 12K172 12K143 12K17012K122 12K111 12K183
11K026 11K046 12K142 12K015 12K174 12K00612K108 12K16512K14111K044 12K063 12K138 12K168 12K16612K16712K15511K04311K031 11K01311K003 12K116 12K16911K004 11K045 12K12012K128
11K012 12K121 12K171 12K01712K11412K11512K173 12K109
12K12712K117
12K14012K124 12K110
11K014 12K012
12K12512K05311K018 12K016
12K12611K00511K033 11K015 12K010 12K011 12K01311K002 12K13612K13711K001 12K13412K03711K042 12K18612K10711K027 12K18712K132 12K014
12K130 12K056
Road
Old Pretoria
62
Vand
erbi
lt Dr
Rive
r Roa
d
Hard
Up
Rd
County Line Rd
91
91
234
1982
12L01811L112 12L010
0.5311L115
1.111L0030.56
11L1161.6 11L092
1.1
11L07711L1110.380.25
11L1200.50
12L345 12L311 4.5
0.0412L344
1.4 12L376 10.112L357 3.0 12L277 9.0
12L350 5.212L061 12.5
12L34012L34812K175 2.7 12L373
7.95.0 8.0 12K1802.1
12K1293.512K101
2.9
11L1151.1
84°10'84°20' 84°15'
31°35'
31°30'
Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey1:24,000-scale digital data
LEE COUNTY
DOUGHERTY COUNTY
Albany
DOUGHERTY COUNTY
BAKER COUNTY
0 1 2 3 MILES
0 1 2 3 KILOMETERS
T H Agriculture & Nutrition Company
TERRELL COUNTY
EXPLANATIONWell and name, and nitrate as nitrogen concentration, Surface-water site and nitrate as in milligrams per liter, November 2008—Well name nitrogen concentration, in milli- in bold indicates new well sampled during 2008 grams per liter, November 2008
No data Less than 4 4 to 6
6 to 10 Greater than 10
Well tested for pesticide
keerCe ekoKi
reviR
nti
Fl
Wellfield
keer C eehaweeloo
C
023525600.22
023525600.22
Figure 9.
12 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Table 2. Nitrate data from selected wells in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 1998–2008 (wells are open to the Upper Floridan aquifer, well 12L376 is open to the surficial aquifer, and 2352560 is a gage on the Flint River).
[Sept,.September;.Nov,.November;.Oct,.October;.NO3–.N,.nitrate.as.nitrogen;.NO2.+.NO3.as.N,.nitrite.plus.nitrate.as.nitrogen;..—,.no.data]
Site name(fig. 9)
July 1993
NO2 + NO3 as N
Sept 1998
NO3 – N
April 1999
NO3– N
April 2001
NO2 + NO3 as N
Nov 2001
Dissolved NO2 + NO3
as N
Nov 2002
NO3 – N
May 2003
NO3 – N
Nov 2003
NO3– N
Nov 2004
NO3 – N
Nov 2005
NO3 – N
Nov 2006
Dissolved NO2 + NO3
as N
Oct 2007
Dissolved NO2 + NO3
as N
Nov 2008
Dissolved NO2 + NO3
as N
Concentration, in milligrams per liter
Wells
12K053 — — — — 2.0 — 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 —12K101 — 1.8 1.9 — 2.2 2.1 — 2.1 2.0 2.4 2.6 2.7 2.912K129 — — — 3.1 2.9 — 2.9 2.8 2.7 3.3 3.3 3.512K175 — 3.8 5.7 5.0 5.9 5.4 — 6.1 5.5 7.0 6.2 6.0 5.012K180 — — — — — 1.56 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1
11L003 0.58 — — — — — — — — — — — 0.5611L077 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.3811L092 1.2 — — — — — — — — — — — 1.111L111 0.23 — — — — — — — — — — — 0.2511L112 0.31 — — — — — — — — — — — 0.5311L115 — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.111L116 1.2 — — — — — — — — — — — 1.611L120 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.5012L010 — — — — — — — — — — — — —12L018 — — — — — — — — — — — — —12L061 — 11 12 12 12 12.5 — 13.4 13.1 13.7 12.5 12.3 12.512L277 — 7.5 6.9 6.5 8.0 6.3 9.0 8.2 8.4 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.012L311 — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.0412L339 — 5.9 5.4 — 5.0 — — — — 6.0 — — —12L340 — — — — — — — 4.7 5.0 5.8 3.7 2.712L344 — 6.0 5.1 2.7 1.6 1.7 — 1.9 2.1 3.0 — — 1.412L345 — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.5
12L346 — — — — — — — 7.2 6.6 8.1 — — —
12L348 — — 6.5 6.4 7.1 6.8 — 6.9 6.6 7.0 7.1 7.4 7.912L350 — 3.0 2.9 — 4.8 5.5 — 2.6 2.0 1.8 3.3 2.7 5.212L357 — 5.9 3.1 — 2.0 — — — 3.5 5.1 3.8 — 3.012L370 — .— — — — — — 7.1 — — — — —12L373 — — — — 7.2 6.6 8.6 7.5 7.2 7.6 7.9 8.3 8.012L376 — — — — — 6.5 8.8 8.3 9.2 11.5 10.9 9.9 10.1
Surface-water site
02352560 — — — — — — 0.4 0.45 0.41 0.45 0.38 0.26 0.22
Groundwater Conditions 13
Since.1998,.nitrate.concentrations.have.increased.slightly;.however,.a.few.of.the.wells.show.a.decrease.since.2005..(wells.12L061,.12L376,.and.12L357;.fig..10,.table.2)..
To.assess.nitrate.concentrations.in.an.area.believed.to.provide.recharge.to.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer,.samples.were.collected.from.nine.additional.wells.northwest.of.the.well.field.(fig..9)..The.recharge.area.was.delineated.by.preliminary.simulations.from.a.groundwater-flow.model.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.(Gordon,.2008)..These.samples.also.were.analyzed.for.cations,.anions,.and.nutrients..Nitrate.plus.nitrite.concen.trations.in.the.nine.wells.ranged.from.0.04.to.1.6.mg/L.(fig..9;.table.2)..Five.of.the.nine.wells.were.sampled.in.July.1993,.and.nitrite.plus.nitrate.concentrations.were.similar.to.those.obtained.in.2008.(table.2).
A.hazardous.waste.site,.the.T.H.Agriculture.&.Nutrition.(THAN).Company.Superfund.Site,..is.located.in.the.northern.part.of.Albany.(fig..9)..Samples.collected..in.2007.indicate.the.2008.health-based.criteria.in.groundwater.were.exceeded.for.1,2-dibromoethane,.aldrin,.alpha-BHC.(an.alpha.isomer.of.benzene.hexachloride),.beta-BHC.(a.beta.isomer.of.benzene.
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Sept-98 Apr-99 Apr-01 Nov-01 Nov-02 May-03 Nov-03 Nov-04 Nov-05 May-06 Nov-06 Oct-07 Nov-08
12L376
2352560
NIT
RATE
CON
CEN
TRAT
ION
, IN
MIL
LIGR
AMS
PER
LITE
R AS
NIT
ROGE
N
SAMPLING MONTH AND YEAR
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency maximum contaminant level
Upper Floridan
EXPLANATION
aquifer wells
Surficial aquifer well
Flint River
12K101
12K180
12L061
12L277
12L348
12L373
12L357
Figure 10.
hexachloride),.4,4’-dichloro.diphenyltrichloroethane.(DDT),.dieldrin,.toxaphene,.and.xylene..In.May.2008,.a.66-foot-deep.well.contained.20.micrograms.per.liter.(µg/L).of.technical.toxaphene.(U.S..Environmental.Protection.Agency,.written.commun.,.second.5-year.review.report,.September.2008)..Sample.analysis.indicates.that.toxaphene.concentrations.have.been.increasing.in.downgradient,.perimeter,.and.off-site.shal-low.wells.completed.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..There.also.is.some.evidence.of.vertical.contaminant.migration.(U.S..Envi-ronmental.Protection.Agency,.written.commun.,.second.5-year.review.report,.September.2008)..The.USGS.sampled.two.of.WGL’s.municipal.supply.wells.for.pesticides.(wells.12L010.and.12L018;.fig..9)..The.sample.from.well.12L010.contained.no.detectable.pesticides,.and.the.sample.from.well.12L018.had.very.low.concentrations.of.p,p’-methoxychlor.(0.0014.µg/L),.which.is.below.the.reporting.limit.and.3.orders.of.magnitude.below.the.MCL.of.0.04.mg/L.(U.S..Environmental.Protection.Agency,.2000;.Appendix.B)..Although.such.a.low.concen-tration.is.not.a.cause.for.concern,.continued.monitoring..could.enable.tracking.of.any.increasing.trend.
Figure 10. Nitrate concentrations at selected groundwater wells and the Flint River, September 1998 –November 2008. (See fig. 9 for locations.)
14 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
A.surface-water.sample.was.collected.from.the.Flint.River.at.the.West.Oakridge.Drive.bridge.on.November.5,.2008.(02352530,.fig..1).for.comparison.of.the.water-quality.characteristics.of.surface.and.groundwater..A.trilinear.diagram.showing.the.percent.composition.of.selected.major.cations..and.anions.is.presented.in.figure.11..This.diagram.shows..
Figure 11. Trilinear diagram showing water quality of the Upper Floridan aquifer and the Flint River at Albany, Georgia, November 2008.
PERC
ENT PERCENT
Figure 11.
PERCENT OF TOTAL MILLIEQUIVALENT PER MILLILITER
Calcium Chloride, fluoride, nitrite plus nitrate
Calcium plus magnesiumSulfa
te p
lus c
hlor
ide
Sulfate
Sodium plus potassium
Carb
onat
e pl
us b
icar
bona
te
Mag
nesiu
m
EXPLANATION
Water sample
Ground
Surface
100
80
60
40
20
0
0
20
40
60
80
100 0
2
0
40
6
0
80
1
00
0
20
40
60
80
100
100 80
60 40
20 0 100
80
60
40
20
0
0
2
0
40
6
0
80
1
00
0 20
40 60
80 100 1
00
8
0
60
4
0
20
0
100
80
60
40
20
0
that.the.groundwater.quality.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.remains.distinctly.different.from.the.water.quality.of.the.Flint.River,.as.was.the.case.during.2003–2007.(Gordon,.2008)..Water.from.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.is.supersaturated.with.calcium,.and.water.from.the.Flint.River.contains.more.of.the.other.constituents.such.as.sodium,.potassium,.and.magnesium.
Groundwater Studies 15
Groundwater Studies
The.Albany.CWP.provides.for.the.ongoing.collection.of.hydrologic.data.to.provide.a.better.understanding.of.hydro-logic.conditions,.water.quality,.and.groundwater.flow.paths.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County..During.2008,.the.
principal.focus.of.groundwater.studies.for.the.Albany.CWP.was.calibrating.a.groundwater-flow.model.to.simulate.flow.paths.of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.to.the.Albany.well.field..The.model.was.calibrated.and.flow.paths.to.the.well.field.were.simulated.(fig..12)..The.model.indicates.that.water.pumped.from.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.at.the.well.field.originates.northwest.of.the.well.field..
LEE
WORTH
BAKERMITCHELL
TERRELL
COLQUITT
CALHOUN
DOUGHERTY
TURNER
N
0 5 10 MILESBase modified from U.S. Geological Survey1:100,000-scale digital data
0 5 10 KILOMETERS
Albanywell field
Flint River
Flow path
EXPLANATION
Figure 12.
Model boundary
Fixed head boundary Particle
Figure 12. Simulated flow paths from a groundwater-flow model calibrated to October 1999 conditions.
16 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
A.regional.groundwater-flow.model.that.includes.the.Albany.well.field.area.is.being.developed.by.the.USGS.Water.Science.Center.in.Tallahassee,.Florida.(fig..13)..This.model.has.several.advanced.features.not.included.with.the.model.presently.being.used.in.the.well.field.area,.including.methods.used.previously.in.the.Transport.to.Anthropogenic.and.Natural.Contaminants.(TANC).study.conducted.by.the.USGS.National.Water-Quality.Assessment.Program.in.the.Tampa.Bay.region.(Crandall,.2007;.Katz.and.others,.2007;.Crandall.and.others,.2009).to.predict.recharge.areas.and.travel.times.for.flow.paths.(Eberts.and.others,.2005;.C.A..Crandall,.U.S..Geological.Survey,.written.commun.,.July.10,.2009)..Sinkholes.and.total.drainage.area.of.all.depressions.within.a.grid.cell.were.used.to.create.a.multiplier.array.that.was.combined.with.regional.estimates.of.hydraulic.conductivity.for.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.from.the.models.used.in.studies.by.Torak.and.McDowell.(1996).and.Jones.and.Torak.(2006).to.calculate.recharge.estimates.for.the.regional.model.(C.A..Crandall,.U.S..Geological.Survey,.written.commun.,.July.10,.2009)..When.completed,.the.input.hydrologic.data.and.boundary.flow.data.from.the.calibrated.regional.model.can.be.used.to.improve.the.current.Albany.well.field.model..
Reports and Technical PresentationsThe.USGS.prepared.several.reports.and.technical.presen-
tations.on.southwestern.Georgia.during.2008..Recent.reports.and.presentations.include:
•. “Georgia’s.ground-water.resources.and.monitoring.network,.2008”.(http://ga.water.usgs.gov/publications/fs2008-3072/pdf/fs2008-3072.pdf,.accessed.May.26,.2009)..
•. “Ground-water.conditions.and.studies.in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.Georgia,.2007”.(http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1328/,.accessed.May.26,.2009).
•. “Groundwater.flow.and.particle-tracking.in.the.Albany.area”.presentation.at.the.spring.conference.of.the.Geor-gia.Association.of.Water.Professionals,.April.2008,.and.to.the.Georgia.Groundwater.Association,.July.2008.
Summary This.report.provides.hydrologic,.geologic,.and.water-
quality.data.needed.to.manage.water.resources.effectively.in.the.city.of.Albany.and.Dougherty.County,.Georgia..An.overview.of.groundwater.conditions.through.2008.and.studies.conducted.as.part.of.the.Albany.Cooperative.Water.Program.during.2008.are.presented.
During.2008,.water.levels.in.10.out.of.24.continuous-recording.wells.were.below.normal,.corresponding.to.lower.than.average.rainfall..Groundwater.samples.collected.from.25.wells.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.indicate.that.nitrate.levels.during.2008.were.similar.to.values.from.2007,.with.a.maximum.of.12.5.milligrams.per.liter.at.well.12L061..Water.samples.collected.from.the.Flint.River.and.wells.at.the.Albany.well.field.were.analyzed.and.plotted.on.a.trilinear.diagram.to.show.the.percent.composition.of.selected.major.cations.and.anions..Groundwater.constituents.(major.cations.and.anions).of.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer.at.the.Albany.well.field.remain.distinctly.different.from.those.in.the.water.of.the.Flint.River.
The.USGS.is.developing.a.groundwater-flow.model.in.the.Albany.area.of.southwestern.Georgia.to.improve.the.understanding.of.the.groundwater-flow.system.and.nitrate.movement.in.the.Upper.Floridan.aquifer..The.model.is.being.calibrated.to.simulate.periods.of.dry.(October.1999).hydrologic.conditions..Preliminary.results.of.particle.tracking.indicate.that.water.flows.to.the.well.field.from.the.northwest.
84°86° 85°
32°
31°
30°
Base modified from U.S. Geological Survey1:2,000,000-scale data
Gulf of Mexico
0 25 50 MILES
0 25 50 KILOMETERS
EXPLANATIONGroundwater-flow model boundary
Albany well-field area
Regional
GEO
RG
IAALABAMAFLORIDA
Dougherty County
Figure 13. Figure 13. Location of regional groundwater-flow model and Albany well-field flow model.
Selected References 17
Selected References
Crandall,.Christy,.2007,.Hydrogeologic.setting.and.ground-water.flow.simulations.of.the.Northern.Tampa.Bay.regional.study.area,.Florida,.in.Paschke,.S.S.,.ed.,.Hydrogeologic.settings.and.ground-water.flow.simulations.for.regional.studies.of.the.transport.of.anthropogenic.and.natural.contaminants.to.public-supply.wells—Studies.begun.in.2001:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Professional.Paper.1737-A,.Section.5;.accessed.September.3,.2009,.at.http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/2007/1737a/Section5.pdf.
Crandall,.C.A.,.Kauffman,.L.J.,.Katz,.B.G.,.Metz,.P.A.,.McBride,.W.S.,.and.Berndt,.M.P.,.2009,.Simulations.of.groundwater.flow.and.particle.tracking.analysis.in.the.area.contributing.recharge.to.a.public-supply.well.near.Tampa,.Florida,.2002–.05,.U.S..Geological.Survey.Scientific..Investigations.Report.2008–5231,.53.p.
Eberts,.S.M.,.Erwin,.M.L.,.and.Hamilton,.P.A.,.2005,..Assessing.the.vulnerability.of.public-supply.wells.to.contamination.from.urban,.agricultural,.and.natural.sources:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Fact.Sheet.2005–3022,.4.p.
Fanning,.J.L.,.and.Trent,.V.P.,.2009,.Water.Use.in.Georgia..by.County.for.2005;.and.Water-Use.Trends,.1980.–2005:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Scientific.Investigations.Report.2009–5002,.186.p.;.Web-only.publication.available.at..http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5002/.
Gordon,.D.W.,.2008,.Ground-water.conditions.and.studies..in.the.Albany.area.of.Dougherty.County,.Georgia,.2007:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Open-File.Report.2008–1328,..49.p.;.Web-only.publication.available.at.http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1328/.
Jones,.L.E.,.and.Torak,.L.J.,.2006,.Simulated.effects.of.seasonal.ground-water.pumpage.for.irrigation.on.hydrologic.conditions.in.the.lower.Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint.River.Basin,.southwestern.Georgia.and.parts.of.Alabama.and.Florida,.1999.–2002:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Scientific.Investigations.Report.2006.–5234,.83.p.;.Web-only.publica-tion.available.at.http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2006/5234/.
Katz,.B.G.,.Crandall,.C.A.,.Metz,.P.A.,.McBride,.W.S.,.and.Berndt,.M.P.,.2007,.Chemical.characteristics,.water.sources.and.pathways,.and.age.distribution.of.ground.water.in.the.contributing.recharge.area.of.a.public-supply.well.near.Tampa,.Florida,.2002–.05:.U.S..Geological.Survey..Scientific.Investigations.Report.2007–5139,.85.p.
Peck,.M.F.,.Painter,.J.A.,.and.Leeth,.D.C.,.2009,.Ground-.water.conditions.and.studies.in.Georgia,.2006.–2007:..U.S..Geological.Survey.Scientific.Investigations..Report.2009.–5070,.86.p.;.also.available.at..http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5070/.
Torak,.L.J.,.and.McDowell,.R.J.,.1996,.Ground-water.resources.of.the.lower.Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint.River.Basin.in.parts.of.Alabama,.Florida,.and.Georgia—Subarea.4.of.the.Apalachicola–Chattahoochee–Flint.and.Alabama–Coosa–Tallapoosa.River.Basins:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Open-File.Report.95–321,.145.p.
U.S..Environmental.Protection.Agency,.2000,.Maximum.contaminant.levels.(Subpart.B.of.part.141,.National..Primary.Drinking-Water.Regulations):.U.S..Code.of..Federal.Regulations,.Title.40,.parts.100–149,.revised..as.of.July.1,.2000,.p..334.–560.
U.S..Geological.Survey,.2008,.Georgia’s.ground-water.resources.and.monitoring.network,.2008:.U.S..Geological.Survey.Fact.Sheet.2008.–3072,.p..2;.Web-only.publication..available.at.http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3072/.
Appendix A. Groundwater-Level Hydrographs and Statistics for Continuously Monitored Recorder Wells and Wells Measured Periodically for 2008 and Period of Record in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia.
20 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84o' '" "
Well Depth: Datum:feet feetDougherty County Period of Record:
Well Diameter: inches- 2008
Site Name:
Surficial Aquifer
12L371
30
31301908410402
44.110
191 220034619
Figure A1. Periodic water levels in well 12L371, surficial aquifer, 2003–2008.
Well dry
Figure A–1. Periodic water levels in well 12L371, surficial aquifer, 2003–2008.
Appendix A 21
Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84o' '" "
Well Depth: Datum:feet feetDougherty County Period of Record:
Well Diameter: inches- 2008
Site Name:
Surficial Aquifer
12L376
30
313038084122501
4512
191 220023342
Figure A2. Periodic water levels in well 12L376, surficial aquifer, 2002–2008.Figure A–2. Periodic water levels in well 12L376, surficial aquifer, 2002–2008.
22 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
29Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 15o' '15" 31"
Well Depth: 150 Datum: 195feet feetDougherty County Period of Record: 1979
312919084153801
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Upper Floridan Aquifer
11K003
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A3. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11K003, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1979–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–3. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11K003, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1979–2008.
Appendix A 23
26Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 11o' '12" 05"
Well Depth: 137 Datum: 185feet feetBaker County Period of Record: 1982
312617084110701
Well Diameter: 2 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Upper Floridan Aquifer
12K014
Figure A4. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12K014, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008.
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–4. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12K014, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008.
24 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Figure A5. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12K141, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1997–2008.
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Blank where
data aremissing
29Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 13o' '51" 18"
Well Depth: 200 Datum: 195feet feetDougherty County Period of Record: 1997
312950084131801
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Upper Floridan Aquifer
12K141
Figure A–5. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12K141, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1997–2008.
Appendix A 25
Figure A6. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12K180, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2003–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
29Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 09o' '46 " 22"Well Depth: 170 Datum: 172feet feet
Dougherty County Period of Record: 2003-2008
312947084092201
Well Diameter: 4 inches
Site Name: 12K180
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Upper Floridan Aquifer
Field measurement
Figure A–6. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12K180, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2003–2008.
26 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
34Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 09o' '51" 18"
Well Depth: 178 Datum: 198feet feetDougherty County Period of Record: 1983
313450084091801
Well Diameter: 6 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Upper Floridan Aquifer
12L029
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A7. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L029, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1983–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
Field measurement
Figure A–7. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L029, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1983–2008.
Appendix A 27
EXPLANATION
31Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 10o' '31" 10"
Well Depth: 180 Datum: 179feet feetDougherty County Period of Record: 1985
313130084101001
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name: 12L030
Upper Floridan Aquifer
Figure A8. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L030, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1985–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
EXPLANATION
Figure A–8. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L030, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1985–2008.
28 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
30Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 12o' '41" 59"
Well Depth: 203 Datum: 185feet feetDougherty County Period of Record: 1998
313040084125901
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name: 12L277
Upper Floridan Aquifer
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A9. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L277, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1998–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–9. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L277, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1998–2008.
Appendix A 29
Figure A10. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L370, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2000–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
30Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 10o' '20" 46"
Well Depth: 172 Datum: 190feet feetDougherty County Period of Record: 2000
313019084104601
Well Diameter: 6 inches- 2008
Site Name: 12L370
Upper Floridan Aquifer
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A–10. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L370, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2000–2008.
30 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Figure A11. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L372, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2000–2008.
30Latitude: 31o
Longitude: 84 10o
' '19" 46"Well Depth: 58 Datum: 188feet feet
Dougherty County Period of Record: 2000
313019084104603
Well Diameter: 2 inches- 2008
Site Name: 12L372
Upper Floridan Aquifer
Figure A–11. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L372, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2000–2008.
Appendix A 31
30Latitude: 31o Longitude: 84 10o' '00" 02"Well Depth: 170 Datum: 186feet feet
Dougherty County Period of Record: 2003
313000084100301
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name: 12L373
Upper Floridan Aquifer
Figure A12. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L373, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2003–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A–12. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L373, Upper Floridan aquifer, 2003–2008.
32 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Upper Floridan Aquifer
12M017
38Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 09o '' 09" 36"522:mutaD181:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1982
313808084093601
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Lee County
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A13. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12M017, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–13. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12M017, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008.
Appendix A 33
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A14. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13K014, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008.
Upper Floridan Aquifer
13K014
27Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 07o '' 05" 16"081:mutaD131:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1982
312704084071601
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Blank where
data aremissing
Field measurement
Figure A–14. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13K014, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1982–2008.
34 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Figure A15. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L012, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1977–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Upper Floridan Aquifer
13L012
31Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 06o '' 06" 43"591:mutaD812:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1977
313105084064302
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Field measurement
Figure A–15. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L012, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1977–2008.
Appendix A 35
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A16. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L049, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1985–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
Upper Floridan Aquifer
13L049
35Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 05o '' 22" 10"502:mutaD071:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1985
313521084051001
Well Diameter: 6 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Figure A–16. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L049, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1985–2008.
36 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Figure A17. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L180, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1996–2008.
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Upper Floridan Aquifer
13L180
32Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 00o '' 48" 50"Well Depth: 310 Datum: 230feet feet
Period of Record: 1996
313247084005001
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–17. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L180, Upper Floridan aquifer, 1996–2008.
Appendix A 37
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A18. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L019, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008.
Claiborne Aquifer
12L019
35Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 10o '' 37" 30"591:mutaD752:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1978
313534084103001
Well Diameter: 6 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Blank where
data aremissing
Field measurement
Figure A–18. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L019, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008.
38 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Field measurement
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A19. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L011, Claiborne aquifer, 1977–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
Claiborne Aquifer
13L011
31Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 06o '' 06" 43"591:mutaD814:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1977
313105084064301
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Figure A–19. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L011, Claiborne aquifer, 1977–2008.
Appendix A 39
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A20. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L015, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008.
Claiborne Aquifer
13L015
36Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 04o '' 22" 09"002:mutaD153:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1979
313625084041501
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–20. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L015, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008.
40 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Figure A21. Periodic water levels in well 11K002, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008.
Claiborne Aquifer
11K002
26Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 21o '' 54" 01"
183:mutaD320:htpeD lleW teefteefPeriod of Record: 1979
312654084210102
Well Diameter: 6 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Figure A–21. Periodic water levels in well 11K002, Claiborne aquifer, 1979–2008.
Appendix A 41
Figure A22. Periodic water levels in well 11L001, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008.
Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 8 o' 30 3435 '204" "Well Depth: 251 Datum: 220feet feet
Dougherty County Period of Record: 1978
313530084203202
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name: 11L001
Claiborne Aquifer
Figure A–22. Periodic water levels in well 11L001, Claiborne aquifer, 1978–2008.
42 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A23. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11K005, Clayton aquifer, 1979–2008.
Clayton Aquifer
11K005
26Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 21o '' 55" 01"081:mutaD646:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1979
312654084210103
Well Diameter: 6 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–23. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11K005, Clayton aquifer, 1979–2008.
Appendix A 43
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A24. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11L002, Clayton aquifer, 1973–2008.
Clayton Aquifer
11L002
35Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 20o '' 33" 32"222:mutaD656:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1973
313532084203501
Well Diameter: 3 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–24. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 11L002, Clayton aquifer, 1973–2008.
44 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Figure A25. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L020, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Clayton Aquifer
12L020
35Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 24 10o '' 35" 30"195:mutaD690:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1978
313534084103002
Well Diameter: 4 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Lee County
Field measurement
Figure A–25. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L020, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008.
Appendix A 45
Figure A26. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12M002, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Clayton Aquifer
12M002
38Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 12o '' 11" 49"042:mutaD056:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1978
313812084125001
Well Diameter: 6 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Lee County
Field measurement
Figure A–26. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12M002, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008.
46 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A27. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L002, Clayton aquifer, 1957–2008.
Clayton Aquifer
13L002
35Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 06o '' 52" 24"212:mutaD067:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1957
313554084062501
Well Diameter: 12 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–27. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L002, Clayton aquifer, 1957–2008.
Appendix A 47
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Figure A28. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L013, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
Clayton Aquifer
13L013
31Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 06o '' 06" 43"591:mutaD288:htpeD lleW teefteef
Period of Record: 1978
313105084064202
Well Diameter: 60 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Figure A–28. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 13L013, Clayton aquifer, 1978–2008.
48 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
EXPLANATION
EXPLANATION
Providence AquiferCretaceous Aquifer System
12L021
35Latitude: 31 o Longitude: 84 10o '' 38" 29"Well Depth: 846 Datum: 195 teefteef
Period of Record: 1978
313534084103003
Well Diameter: 14 inches- 2008
Site Name:
Dougherty County
Figure A29. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L021, Cretaceous aquifer system, 1978–2008.
Blank where
data aremissing
Figure A–29. Periodic and daily mean water levels in well 12L021, Cretaceous aquifer system, 1978–2008.
Appendix B. Water-Quality Data from the Albany, Dougherty County Area, Georgia, November 2008
50 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Table B–1. Site information for water-quality data from the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008.
[—,.no.data.or.not.applicable]
STAID Station number
SNAME Station name
DATE Date as
yyyymmdd
TIME Sample
start time
P72008 Depth of well,
feet below land surface
datum
P72019 Depth to
water level, feet below
land surface
P72000 Altitude of land
surface, feet
P00059 Flow rate,
instantaneous, gallons per
minute
P72004 Pump or flow
period prior to sampling, minutes
312857084132901 12K101 20081105 1325 120 51.32 205.47 — —
312917084123001 12K129 20081105 1145 211 48.1 200 — —
312937084131901 12K175 20081105 1540 187 44.02 198.66 — —
312947084092201 12K180 20081104 1330 170 28.1 171.8 10 —
313020084142501 12L061 20081106 1540 195 31.36 190.15 — —
313040084125901 12L277 20081104 1140 203 36.9 190.7 10 —
313023084113201 12L340 20081103 1730 178.5 43.47 190.82 3 —
313135084132201 12L344 20081106 1440 160 31.13 191.56 — —
313140084130101 12L345 20081107 1000 160 36.53 196.35 — —
313005084121401 12L348 20081106 1035 180 39.48 193 — —
313026084121901 12L350 20081103 1545 191 35.74 189.7 3
313102084134301 12L357 20081106 1250 160 26.84 189.27 — —
313000084100301 12L373 20081104 1515 170 41.35 185.9 10
313038084122501 12L376 20081104 1000 45 36.65 190.7 1.5 —
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
20081009 1030 — — 150 — —
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
20081009 1035 — — 150 — —
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
20081105 930 — — 150 — —
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
20081105 1645 — — 150 — —
313202084143801 12L311 20081120 1440 100 18.05 185.8 — 3
313202084143801 12L311 20081120 1020 100 18.05 185.8 — 3
313300084184901 11L020 20081118 1255 150 22.15 208 — 30
313340084220001 11L111 20081119 1230 125 25.98 220 — 2.5
313348084191601 11L077 20081118 1452 130 22 211 — 32
313440084181402 11L116 20081120 1415 150 18.76 209.86 3 50
313504084165701 11L092 20081118 1045 125 32.55 220.3 — 45
313530084203103 11L003 20081119 1650 86 15.49 220 3 46
313554084164601 11L115 20081119 1030 150 25.29 220 — 30
313604084105001 12L010 20081119 1430 895 — 193 — 15
313614084203401 11L112 20081120 1215 180 34.49 232 — 1
313650084122901 12L018 20081120 1300 830 — 231 — 5
Appendix B 51
Table B–2. Field parameters for water-quality samples from the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008.
[°C,.degrees.Celsius;.—,.no.data.or.not.applicable;.<,.less.than;.E,.estimated]
STAID Station number
STAID Station numbe
P00025 Barometric pressure,
millimeters of mercury
P00300 Dissolved oxygen, water,
unfiltered, milligrams
per liter
P00400 pH, water, unfiltered,
field, standard
units
P00403 pH, water, unfiltered, laboratory, standard
units
P90095 Specific
conductance, water, unfiltered,
laboratory, microsiemens per centimeter
at 25 °C
P00095 Specific
conductance, water,
unfiltered, microsiemens per centimeter
at 25 °C
P00020 Temperature,
air, °C
P00010 Temperature,
water, °C
312857084132901 12K101 757 7.95 7.77 7.82 222.9 219 —.. 20.26
312917084123001 12K129 755 7.86 7.8 — — 221 — 20.14
312937084131901 12K175 757 7.84 7.69 7.81 257.3 245 20.69
312947084092201 12K180 760 8.19 8 — — 185 — 20.49
313020084142501 12L061 756 6.52 7.46 7.57 397.5 391 — 20.58
313040084125901 12L277 760 5.11 7.4 7.54 388.4 355 — 20.29
313023084113201 12L340 761 <5 7.64 — — 282 — 21.24
313135084132201 12L344 758 0.72 7.46 7.54 333.4 332 — 20.36
313140084130101 12L345 758 3.5 7.83 7.35 338.1 322 — 20.17
313005084121401 12L348 755 7.75 7.78 7.69 336.1 335 — 20.36
313026084121901 12L350 765 — 7.16 — — 364 — 20
313102084134301 12L357 757 1.11 7.6 7.44 393.9 393 — 20.13
313000084100301 12L373 760 7.4 7.77 — — 263 — 20.5
313038084122501 12L376 760 6.74 7.8 7.59 380.1 384 — 20.17
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
759 7.44 6.89 7.56 128.6 132 21.5 23.14
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
759 7.44 6.89 — — 132 21.5 23.14
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
— — 8.49 8.08 104.4 107 —
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
761 9.13 7.01 — — 110 24.2 18.59
313202084143801 12L311 765 <0.5 E.7.39 — — 293 — E.20.85
313202084143801 12L311 765 <0.5 7.39 7.57 288.7 293 — 20.85
313300084184901 11L020 768 3.57 7.62 7.77 264.9 269 — 19.25
313340084220001 11L111 769 E.4.5 E.7.05 7.5 380.6 374 — E.19
313348084191601 11L077 768 3.74 7.65 7.82 265 269 — 19.42
313440084181402 11L116 768 5.17 7.45 7.7 309.8 313 — 19.62
313504084165701 11L092 767 3.94 7.57 7.62 333.1 339 — 20.24
313530084203103 11L003 769 3.18 7.35 7.85 250.9 247 — 19.15
313554084164601 11L115 769 5.52 7.5 7.71 304.5 294 — 18.99
313604084105001 12L010 — — — — — — —
313614084203401 11L112 766 E.4 E.7.4 7.73 301.7 304 E.20
313650084122901 12L018 — — — — — — — —
52 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Table B–3. Major cations and anions from the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008.
[—,.no.data.or.not.applicable;.<,.less.than;.E,.estimated]
STAID Station number
SNAME Station name
P00915 Calcium,
water, filtered
P00925 Magnesium,
water, filtered
P00935 Potassium,
water, filtered
P00930 Sodium, water, filtered
P00417 Acid neutralizing
capacity, water, unfiltered,
fixed endpoint (pH 4.5) titration,
laboratory, as calcium carbonate
P90410 Acid neutralizing
capacity, water, unfiltered,
fixed endpoint (pH 4.5) titration,
laboratory, as calcium carbonate
P00940 Chloride,
water, filtered
P00950 Fluoride,
water, filtered
P00955 Silica, water,
filtered, as SiO2
P00945 Sulfate, water, filtered
Milligrams per liter
312857084132901 12K101 39.33 0.495 0.309 2.101 —.. 95.63 4.795 <0.08 7.999 0.33
312917084123001 12K129 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..
312937084131901 12K175 44.11 0.664 0.436 2.926 102.5 6.839 <0.08 8.198 0.253
312947084092201 12K180 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..
313020084142501 12L061 67.29 1.645 1.069 4.511 —.. 136.5 10.619 <0.08 9.573 1.194
313040084125901 12L277 69.06 1.12 0.806 2.926 —.. 150.4 9.289 <0.08 9.154 1.36
313023084113201 12L340 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..
313135084132201 12L344 62.26 0.967 0.45 2.452 —.. 164.6 4.492 <0.08 9.257 1.522
313140084130101 12L345 58.9 0.842 0.32 2.473 —.. 142.5 5.382 <0.08 9.39 1.049
313005084121401 12L348 58.97 1.125 0.406 3.026 —.. 128 9.004 <0.08 9.254 0.753
313026084121901 12L350 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..
313102084134301 12L357 75 1.129 0.745 3.076 —.. 185.7 6.119 <0.08 9.266 3.665
313000084100301 12L373 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..
313038084122501 12L376 66.12 1.597 1.437 2.679 139.2 10.29 E.0.044 8.815 1.623
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
—.. —.. —.. —.. 45 —.. —.. —.. —..
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
—.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
7.129 1.238 1.876 9.789 —.. 27.94 7.264 E.0.041 9.342 9.544
313202084143801 12L311 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..
313202084143801 12L311 56 0.473 0.6 2.285 151.2 —.. 3.424 E.0.04 9.057 0.447
313300084184901 11L020 53.73 0.851 0.296 1.84 137 —.. 3.258 E.0.063 8.964 0.551
313340084220001 11L111 81.64 0.979 0.331 1.965 206.3 —.. 2.645 <0.08 11.474 1.301
313348084191601 11L077 54.52 0.51 0.127 1.837 138.2 —.. 3.093 <0.08 7.636 0.397
313440084181402 11L116 63.81 0.591 0.179 2.49 154.5 —.. 5.21 <0.08 8.494 0.634
313504084165701 11L092 69.58 0.687 0.328 2.087 173.3 —.. 3.431 <0.08 8.72 0.475
313530084203103 11L003 49.61 0.607 0.176 1.736 130 —.. 3.124 <0.08 9.688 0.422
313554084164601 11L115 62.46 0.601 0.224 1.749 156 —.. 3.146 <0.08 8.432 0.312
313604084105001 12L010 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..
313614084203401 11L112 61.6 1.062 0.345 2.897 154.4 —.. 5.012 <0.08 14.156 1.386
313650084122901 12L018 —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —.. —..
Appendix B 53
Table B–4. Nutrients and biological data from the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, October and November 2008.
[°C,.degrees.Celsius;.—,.no.data.or.not.applicable;.<,.less.than;.E,.estimated]
STAID Station number
SNAME Station
name
P00625 Ammonia
plus organic
nitrogen, water,
unfiltered, as nitrogen
P00610 Ammonia,
water, unfiltered,
as nitrogen
P00631 Nitrate
plus nitrite, water,
filtered, as
nitrogen
P00630 Nitrate
plus nitrite, water,
unfiltered, as
nitrogen
P00613 Nitrite, water,
filtered, as
nitrogen
P00671 Ortho-
phosphate, water,
filtered, as phosphorus
P00665 Phosphorus,
water, unfiltered,
as phosphorus
P00680 Organic carbon, water,
unfiltered
P00310 Biochemical
oxygen demand,
water, unfiltered, 5 days at
20 °C
P31621 Fecal
coliform, A-1 broth method,
44.5 °C, 24 hours,
water, most probable
number per 100 millilitersMilligrams per liter
312857084132901 12K101 —.. — 2.946 — 0.002 — — — — —
312917084123001 12K129 — — 3.481 — 0.002 — — — — —
312937084131901 12K175 — — 4.969 — 0.002 — — — — —
312947084092201 12K180 — — 2.142 — 0.002 — — — — —
313020084142501 12L061 — — 12.506 — 0.001 — — — — —
313040084125901 12L277 — — 8.966 — 0.002 — — — — —
313023084113201 12L340 — — 2.677 — 0.009 — — — — —
313135084132201 12L344 — — 1.414 — 0.002 — — — — —
313140084130101 12L345 — — 4.464 — 0.002 — — — — —
313005084121401 12L348 — — 7.859 — 0.002 — — — — —
313026084121901 12L350 — — 5.249 — 0.002 — — — — —
313102084134301 12L357 — — 2.987 — 0.002 — — — — —
313000084100301 12L373 — — 7.964 — 0.002 — — — — —
313038084122501 12L376 — — 10.126 — 0.002 — — — — —
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
0.31 0.06 — 0.54 — 0.02 0.18 8.15 0.75 —
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
— — — — — — — — — 500
2352560 Flint.River.at.GA.234,.at.Albany,.GA
— — 0.224 — 0.003 — — — — —
313202084143801 12L311 — — 0.04 — <0.002 — — — — —
313300084184901 11L020 — — 0.496 — <0.002 — — — — —
313340084220001 11L111 — — 0.247 — <0.002 — — — — —
313348084191601 11L077 — — 0.381 — <0.002 — — — — —
313440084181402 11L116 — — 1.593 — <0.002 — — — — —
313504084165701 11L092 — — 1.101 — <0.002 — — — — —
313530084203103 11L003 — — 0.559 — E.0.001 — — — — —
313554084164601 11L115 — — 1.054 — <0.002 — — — — —
313604084105001 12L010 — — — — — — — — — —
313614084203401 11L112 — — 0.533 — <0.002 — — — — —
313650084122901 12L018 — — — — — — — — — —
54 Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008
Manuscript approved on October 26, 2009
For more information about this publication contact: USGS Georgia Water Science Center 3039 Amwiler Road Atlanta, GA 30360 telephone: 770-903-9100
http://ga.water.usgs.gov/
Edited by Kimberly A. WaltenbaughGraphics and layout by Caryl J. Wipperfurth