ground treatment
TRANSCRIPT
MEMBERS:1. SHARIFAH NUR AINIZA BINTI KHAIDZI (16395)2. NUR AMIRAH BINTI MOHD NORDZI (16318)3. NURUL NAQILA BINTI SHAMSUDDIN (16382)4. FATIN NORLYANA BINTI MOHD ZAINI (16343)5. NURIN BINTI ABU BAKAR (16323)
ENGINEERING DESIGN
GROUND IMPROVEMENT
TECHNIQUE USED FOR PENANG SECOND
BRIDGE (LAND EXPRESSWAY)
SLIDE OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM STATEMENT
DEFINITION OF GROUND TREATMENT
PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAIN (PVD)
STONES COLUMN
METHOD OF GROUND TREATMENT
PILED EMBANKMENT
CONCLUSION
Package 1 – Main Navigation Span and Superstructure and Substructure and Foundation works of Approach Span
Package 2 – Superstructure Works of the Approach Span
Package 3 – Landside Expressway
INTRODUCTION
Increased density of underlying soil deposits –Reduced excess pore pressure build-up (maintain ru < 1.0) Increase confidence in ground improvement techniques to better
protect civil engineering infrastructure from future natural disasters related to liquefaction
DEFINITION OF GROUND TREATMENT
PENANG SECOND
BRIDGE???
To improve soft compressible of soil To accelerate the consolidation of the soil in order to enable the
soil undertake embankment when the highway constructed.
METHOD OF GROUND TREATMENT
Vibro Methods
Deep Dynamic Compaction
Stone Column
Drainage Systems
Jet Grouting
Permeation Grouting
Pile Embankment
Compaction Grouting
Prefabricated Vertical Drain (PVD)
Removal and Replacement
Ground Improvement techniques based on soil characterization
Prefabricated Vertical Drain
To shorten the drainage path of pore water from a low permeable layer to free water surface
To pre-install drainage layer To accelerate the rate of soil primary consolidation Used when embankment is less than 4.5 m Made of prefabricated material consists of plastic core
covered by synthetic geotextile “filter jacket” Installed vertically into soft soils to accelerate
preconstruction preloading program Performed using vibratory hammers
Two main components:
1. Core serves as longitudinal
flow path along the drain
2. Filter jacket allows water to
pass into the core while
restricting intrusion of
soil particles With surcharge loading
An embankment which is supported by piles embedded in the soft soil. Constructed by installing piles with a certain grid formation in a soft soil
up to a competent stratum such as firm soil or bedrock. Geosynthetic material is laid on top of a thin layer of embankment
material. Embankment fill is raised up to the required height and the construction
is built on top of the embankment.
PILED EMBANKMENT
Piled-supported embankment on end bearing piles
Piled-supported embankment on floating piles
Construction takes place more quickly in stage.
May lead to a substantial decrease in total and differential settlement of the embankment.
Not restricted to usage of certain pile.
More feasible in economic terms.
The initial construction cost is quite high as compared to other options.
There is not a single design process at present that is well recognized.
PROS AND CONS PILED EMBANKMENT
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
Piled Embankment: Second BridgePackage 3A Jack-in pile of 300 mm dia pre-stressed spun
concrete pile (prestress 5 kN/m2) Working load - 700 kN Piles are jacked to 1.5 times the working load
Package 3B 350mm dia pre-stressed spun concrete pile (prestress 7 kN/m2) Working load - 750 kN To validate Pile design, 1 MLT and 5 PDA have been envisaged for
each location About 5 m long transition slab is also provided at the top of fill
Piled Embankment: Second Bridge
Package 3C Piled embankment for 20 m length of the approach embankment. 300 mm dia pre-stressed spun concrete pile Working load - 800 kN 5 m long transition slab at the top fill near abutment.
Piled Embankment: Second Bridge
Stone Column as foundation elements (stone piles) or as ground reinforcement.
Used for a wide range of building types from multi story buildings to oil tank foundations.
Function under multiple foundation types including strip-, pad-, slab-, and single footings.
Perform liquefaction prevention, embankment stabilisation, slope stabilisation, and ground improvement applications via reinforcement and drainage.
STONE COLUMN
STONE COLUMN
• Increased bearing capacity• Reduced total and differential
settlements• Expedites consolidation
settlement• Mitigates the risk of liquefaction
Advantages
• Up to 4 storey residential buildings
• Industrial & Commercial building• Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls• Road & Rail Embankments
Applications
Stone Columns : Second BridgePackage 3B Stone Column – for embankment fill height > 4.5 to ≤ 10m Diameter – 1000mm and Installed in Square grid pattern Depth varies from 19m to 23.5m
Package 3B - Staged Construction Details
Stone Columns : Second Bridge
Package 3C Stone column – for embankment fill > 4.5m Diameter – 1000mm and Installed in Square grid pattern Depth varies from 9m to 10m
Stone Columns : Second Bridge
Package 3C - Staged Construction Details
Stone Columns : Second Bridge
Ground treatment is the right solution in order to improve soft compressible of soil for Penang second bridge.
Thus, prefabricated vertical drain (PVD), stone column and pile embankment are the suitable methods used of ground treatment for Penang second bridge.
CONCLUSION