Title of Project

Prepared by: Jagdish Ahaja (110320106038) Shyam bhatt (110320106102)Kunal rajput (110320106117)Dashil kasvala (110320106011)

CIVIL Dept.L. J. I. E. T. QUALITY AND DURABILITY ENHANCEMENT OF MODERN CONCRETE BY USE OF GGBS

Internal Guide:-Asst. Prof. Pooja Patanwal

AbstractTodays construction industry use of concrete is going on increasing rapidly. Cement is major constituent material of the concrete which produced by natural raw material like lime and silica. In this study experimental investigation on GGBS(ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag) has carried out which is byproduct of iron industry and also can be used as replacement with ordinary Portland cement in concrete.

Use of GGBS as cement replacement emerged simultaneously reduce cost of concrete and help to reduce rate of cement consumption. Cement with GGBS replacement has emerged a major alternative to conventional concrete and has rapidly drawn attention of concrete industry due to its cement saving, energy saving, cost saving and environmental benefits.

This research work focuses on strength characteristics analysis of M20, M25, M30, M35, M40, M45, M50 grade concrete with replacement of cement by GGBS 30% and compare with plain cement concrete. Casting of concrete cubes has been done and compressive strength test carried out in laboratory. At different ages

WHAT IS GGBS?

GGBS means the ground granulated blast furnace slag is a by-product of the manufacturing of pig iron.

Iron ore, coke and Lime-stone are fed into the furnace and the resulting molten slag floats above the molten iron at a temperature of about 1500oC to 1600oC. The molten slag has a composition close to the chemical composition of Portland cement.

After the molten iron is tapped off, the remaining molten slag, which consists of mainly siliceous and aluminous residue is then water-quenched rapidly, resulting in the formation of a glassy granulate.

This glassy granulate is dried and ground to the required size, which is known as ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS).

Aim & Objectives

To obtain compressive strength results of various mix designs of concrete with normal concrete and 30% replacement of GGBS with cement.

To conduct property test on cement, fine aggregate and course aggregate.

To conduct compressive strength test on 150mm x150mm x150mm concrete cubes.

To conduct slump test.

To Study the properties of concrete in which cement replaced with GGBS by conducting tests as per BIS such as standard consistency test, initial and final setting time test.

And to study the following long-term properties of Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag.

Novelty in projectGGBS is byproduct of aluminium industry though application of GGBS will be important factor to reduce overall cost of concrete.

It encompasses enviromental,economic and social dimentions, the responsible management of resources we use in construction and perticularly concrete production in india being the second largest producer of cemet in the wrold. The future challange for construction industry in india is clearly to meet the growing need for infrastructure development and housing while at the same time limiting the impact of its burden in CO2 emission due to construction by drastic improvement in the use of alternative material in construction and supplimentary cementing material as partial replacement to OPC.

By use of GGBS 80% of CO2 emission can be reduced. At the same time studies have revaled use of GGBS in concrete partial replacement OPC have increased compressive strenth, tensile strenth , durability and decrese the permiability, embodied enery and cost per cubic meter.

Market Survey Application of GGBS in construction

Structural concrete Pre-stressed concrete For Sulphate Resistance Block making Soil stabilization Prevent Alkali Silica Reaction Resistance to Chloride attack Grout packs Ready mix concrete

Foundations Post-tensioned concrete Mass concrete Site concrete manufacture Concrete roads Aggressive environment Cemented backfill General grouting

Project FeaturesBleeding of concrete

Effect on setting time

Effect on hydration tempratute

Effect of strenth of hardened concrete

Reduction in emission of co2

Cost efficient

Sustainble and echofriendlly buillding material

Literature ReviewSr. No.TitleAuthorConclusion1Flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete beams with partial replacement of GGBS S.P.Sangeetha and P.S Joanna(2014) American journal of engineering Research (AJER) e-IS,Issue-01, pp-119-1271. The ultimate moment capacity of GGBS was less than the controlled beam when tested at 28 days, but it increases by 21% at 56 days.2. The deflections under the service loads for the concrete beams with 40% GGBS were same as that of the controlled beams at 28 days testing and it was quite less than controlled beams when tested at 56 days.

2Geopolymer concreteMr.Bennet Jose Mathew, Mr. M Sudhakar and Dr. C Natarajan(2013).1.Curing at elevated and ambient temperature will form fly ash-GGBS based concrete Of comparable strength.2.Bottom ash GGBS based geopolymer concrete gives very low strength probably Due to large particle size.

3To study the partial replacement of cement by GGBS & RHA and natural sand by quarry Sand In concreteSonali K. Gadpalliwar, R. S. Deotale and Abhijeet R. Narde(20131. Compressive strength increases with increase of percent of quarry sand upto certain Limit.2. Concrete acquires maximum increase in compressive strength at 60% quarry sand replaced by natural sand for M40 grade of concrete. This mix is named as critical mix.

Material collection Cement ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade available in the local market was used and tasted for physical and chemical properties.

Fine aggregate fine aggregate collected from local market which is available as natural river sand.

Coarse aggregate The crushed course aggregate of 20 mm and 10 mm maximum size obtained from local crushing plant. GGBS(ground granulated blast furnace slag) GGBS(ground granulated blast furnace slag) is collected from suyog elements india pvt ltd st palej G.I.D.C. conforming to BS9966 used in the study.

Data Analysis Physical Properties

Color: Off-white powderBulk density (loose): 1.01.1 tones/m3Bulk density (vibrated): 1.21.3 tones/m3Relative density: 2.852.95Surface area: 400600 m2/kg

Chemical properties Cao 30-45%SiO2 17-38%Al2O3 15-25%Fe2O3 0.5-2.0%MgO 4.0-17.0%Mno2 1.0-5.0%Glass 85-98%

Methodology flow chartobjectivesLiterature reviewGrades of concrete (M20, M25, M30, M35, M40, M45, M50)Property of testing materialSieve analysis100% OPCProportion of mixesCompressive strength test30% GGBS, 70% OPCconclusion

Test for this projectMaterial testingSampling Sieve analysisSpecific gravity

Strength testingCompressive strength test

Casting of concrete cubesCasting: The concrete is put in to the moulds (cubes of 150150 x 150) which are already oiled and layer by layer of three layer each layer compacted with 25 blows using tamping rod using any compacting devises. With the same mix proportions cubes were casted.

Compressive strength test resultGrade of concreteCompressive strength after 3rd day(Mpa)Compressive strength after 7th dayCompressive strength after 28th day

M20(normal)11.8515.2620.79M20(30% ggbs)12.4717.2324.50M25(normal)13.8220.3127.35M25 (30% ggbs)15.7922.7430.92M30(normal)15.4523.3832.64M30(30%ggbs)16.6725.4435.45

Grade of concreteCompressive strength after 3rd dayCompressive strength after 7th dayCompressive strength after 28th day

M35(normal)20.0430.8137.36M35(30% ggbs)22.5532.9340.86M40(normal)20.7930.7942M40 (30% ggbs)23.7233.4246.98M45(normal)26.2737.2747.26M45(30% ggbs)29.4740.8752.31M50(normal)26.7739.7551.41M50(30% ggbs)31.4845.9658.24

Conclusion Blast Furnace Slag concrete mix having various cement replacement level up to 30%Exhibited satisfactory results for compressive strength.The optimum use of slag in the concrete is observed to be 30% of cement. Slag concrete with 30% cement replacement shows 19% higher compressive strength than OPC mortar after 28 days curing. Use of high volume slag as a replacement of cement, in any construction work, provides Lower impact on environment (reduced CO2 emission) and judicious use of resources(energy conservation, use of by-product etc.)Use of slag reduces the amount of cement content as well as heat of hydration in a mortar mix. Thus, the construction work with slag concrete becomes economical and also environmentally safe.Slower Rate of hydration in case of slag cement concrete/mortar lower the risk of thermal Cracking.

Future Scope GGBS can be an ideal choice in civil infrastructural applications

Cement production is highly energy intensive

Consumes significant amount of natural resources for the large-scale production in order to meet the global infrastructure developments

Future scopes of GGBS are positive due to benefits in Durability, Sustainability, Appearance and strength obtain by partial replacement of GGBS with cement in concrete

Thank You