gross features of the earth

Gross Features of the


by AJ Fhol G. Calicdanand Christian SebastianEARTH

How much do youknow about the Earth?

Ask:How many continents?How old is the earth?What is the shape of the earth?Whats the highest peak?How many continental plates?What is the proportion of land and water?2

What comes into your mind when you see this picture3

AN OVERVIEWEarth, also known as the world, is the third planet from the Sun.The only object in the Universe known to harbour life.

AN OVERVIEWThe densest and the LARGESTamongst terrestrialplanets.

EARTHVENUSMERCURYMARS

AN OVERVIEWEarth formed around 4.5 billion years ago.29% of it is visible land.71% of its surface is covered in water.

How did theEarth formed?

FORMATIONEarth formed when gravity pulled swirling gas and dust in to become the third planet from the sun

What is the shapeof the Earth?

SHAPEThe shape of Earth is approximately oblate spheroidal.Earth is 40 075 km around at its widest point, the equator.

SIZE andD i s t a n c e

SIZE AND DISTANCEWith a radius of 6,371 kilometres, Earth is the biggest of the terrestrial planets, and the fifth largest planet overall.

SIZE AND DISTANCEFrom an average distance of 93 million miles (150 million kilometers),

EARTH IS EXACTLY ONE ASTRONOMICAL UNIT AWAY FROM THE SUN.

Orbit andRotation

ORBIT ANDROTATION

As Earth orbits the sun, it completes one rotation every 23.9 hours.

ORBIT ANDROTATION

It takes 365.25 days to complete one trip around the sun.

ORBIT ANDROTATION

Earth's axis of rotation is tilted 23.4 degrees with respect to the plane of Earth's orbit around the sun.

ChemicalComposition

Chemical CompositionEarths mass is approximately 5,970,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg.

or 5.9710^24 kg

5 Septillion 970 sextillion19

CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONIt is composed mostly of the following:iron (32.1%)oxygen (30.1%)silicon (15.1%)

magnesium (13.9%)sulfur (2.9%)nickel (1.8%)calcium (1.5%),aluminium (1.4%),

with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements.20

InternalStructure

INTERNAL STRUCTUREEarth is composed of four main layers, starting with an inner core at the planet's centre, enveloped by the outer core, mantle and crust.

INTERNAL STRUCTURECRUSTMANTLEOUTER COREINNER CORE

INTERNAL STRUCTURECRUST

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crustIt is very thin in comparison to the other three layers. The crust is only 8 kilometers thick under the oceans (oceanic crust) and about 32 kilometers thick under the continents (continental crust).

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crustThe temperatures of the crust vary from air temperature on top to about 870 degrees Celsius in the deepest parts of the crust.

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crustThe crust of the Earth is broken into many pieces called plates.

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the crust



INTERNAL STRUCTUREMANTLE

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the mantleIt is the largest layer of the Earth, 2896 kilometres thick.The temperature of the mantle varies from 871 degrees Celsius at the top to about 2204 degrees Celsius near the bottom.

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the mantleThe mantle is composed of very hot, dense rock. This layer of rock even flows like asphalt under a heavy weightBecause of this the plates "float" on it like oil floats on water.

And because the mantle is made of much denser, thicker material, the plates literally float on it like oil floats on water.33

THE MANTLE

INTERNAL STRUCTUREOUTER CORE

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer coreThe core of the Earth is like a ball of very hot metals. (2204 degrees C. to 4982 degrees C.) The outer core is located about 2896 km. beneath the crust and is about 2253 km thick. It is composed of the melted metals nickel and iron.

Unlike the inner core, the outer core is not under enough pressure to condense it into solid metal. Instead, it remains in a liquid form surrounding the inner core. However, the liquid metal form of the outer core is also caused by its extremely hot temperature, which is about four times hotter than lava.

The outer core was also measured to be about 50 times stronger than the Earths magnetic field at the surface.

36

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the outer core

The inner and outer cores create the Earths magnetic field. The Earths rotation causes the core to spin, which leads to the creation of an effect that maintains the Earths magnetic field.37



INTERNAL STRUCTUREINNER CORE

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the inner core The inner core is solid in state. The inner core begins about 6437 km beneath the crust and is about 1287 km thick.

The metals are compressed tightly together and are forced to vibrate as solid. The tremendous pressure causes the inner core to form into a solid mass.

Most of this layer comprises iron, but scientists theorize that it also contains other elements such as sulfur, potassium and carbon. 41

INTERNAL STRUCTURE: the inner coreThe temperatures may reach 4982 degree C. and the pressures are 45,000,000 pounds per square inch. This is 3,000,000 times the air pressure on you at sea level!


by AJ Fhol G. Calicdanand Christian SebastianEARTH

gross features of the earth

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