gross features of humerus
TRANSCRIPT
Objectives:
At the end of the session, Students will be able to understand:
• Gross Anatomical Features of Humerus
• Site Determination
• Common Sites of Fractures
• Vessels and Nerves in Intimate Contact with Humerus
• Angle of Torsion
• Carrying Angle
Upper End
It includes:
1. Head
(directed medially, backwards and upwards)
2. Tubercles (Greater & Lesser)
3. Necka) Anatomical Neck
b) Surgical Neck
Lower End
• It Includes:
1. Two Epicondyles (Medial & Lateral)
2. Trochlea
3. Capitulum
4. Three Fossaea) Olecranon (Posterioly)
b) Radial Fossa (Anteriorly)
c) Coronoid Fossa (Anteriorly)
Shaft
It has:
1. Three Bordersa) Anterior
b) Medial
c) Lateral
2. Three surfacesa) Antero-medial
b) Antero-lateral
c) Posterior
SITE DETERMINATION
• The upper end is rounded to form the head.
• The lower end is expanded from side to side and flattened from before backwards.
• The head is directed medially and backwards.
• The lesser tubercle projects from the front of the upper end and is limited laterally by the intertuberacular sulcus (bicipital groove)
NERVES & ARTERIES LIABLE TO DAMAGE IN FRACTURE OF HUMERUS
At surgical neck:
1. Axillary Nerve
2. Poeterior circumflex humeral
artery
At Mid Shaft (Radial Groove):
1. Radial Nerve
2. Profunda brachii artery
At Medial Epicondyle:
1. Ulnar Nerve
2. Ulnar Collateral artery
At Supra condylar Region:
1. Median Nerve
2. Brachial artery
Angle of Torsion
It is the angulation b/w the long
axis of the articular surfaces of
upper and lower end of Humerus.
Carrying Angle
The angle made by the axes of the arm and the forearm, with the elbow in full extension.
• Male: 5o
• Female: 10-15o
SummaryHumerus
Upper End
-Head
-Neck
-2 Tubercles
Shaft
-3 Borders
-3 Surfaces
Lower End
-2 Epicondyles
-3 Fossae
-Capitulum
-Trochlea