greetings and welcome to this consultation
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Greetings and Welcome to this consultation. The sustainability matrix which sanitation has to address: Social Technical Institutional Economic/Financial Ecological. About Sustainable Sanitation. Trend of Sanitation Coverage; India. Started 1999 Goal – Stop open defecation by 2012 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Greetings and Welcome to this consultation
The sustainability matrixwhich sanitation has to address:
• Social• Technical• Institutional• Economic/Financial• Ecological
About Sustainable Sanitation
Trend of Sanitation Coverage; India
1%4%
11%
3%
10% 11%14%
6%
17% 18%
21.9% 22.4% 23%
27%
31%
38%
45%
57%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1980
1988
1989
1990
1991
1993
1994
1996
1997
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
1980-90: Int'l Drinking Water Supply & Sanitation Decade
1986-1999: Central Rural Sanitation 1999: Launch of Total Sanitation Campaign
2003: Launch of Nirmal Gram Puraskar
• Started 1999• Goal – Stop open defecation by 2012• Through IEC, behaviour change and demand
pull• Community participation• Cost sharing; Central, State and Beneficiary• Sanitation choice : The single pit latrine with a
pour flush pan
Total Sanitation Campaign
A shift from the twin pit pour flush toilet, which was envisaged in CRSP as the appropriate solution
TSC- Present Scenario• Target set in 2001: 119.8million
individual HH toilets• 57.6 million completed by August 2009• Which is 48%
Fund Structure
Total Projects Outlay
Approved Share Release of funds Expenditure Reported
Centre State Benef Central State Benef Total Centre StateBene
fTotal
GRAND TOTAL (Rs in Crores)
17885.55 11094.03 4775.75 2015.77 4642.42 2562.22 1345.18 8549.82 3391.88 1880.54894.5
46166.
96
Table: Funds; shares, approval, release and expenditure under TSC as on 8.09.09
Source: http://ddws.gov.in/crspnet/crspasp/RepMenu.htm
Some evaluations
WaterAid Study of TSC- 2008
• Qualitative assessment • Study undertaken by Knowledge Links, May-
Aug 2008• Five states(Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Haryana,
Karnataka and Tripura)– 40 GPs of 20 blocks in 10 districts
Some findings:
• Significant disconnect in terms of intent & action• Campaign mode of implementation is better
performing• CLTS approach with encouraging results in Haryana• Subsidy didn’t work in Bihar and Chhattisgarh• Lack of technical knowledge• Poor quality of construction• Lack of sustained sanitation in NGP
• “A Survey of Household Water and Sanitation” supported by Arghyam
• Dec 2008/Jan 2009• Sampling of 17,200 households across the
state of Karnataka
• Sanitation situation: 72% HH Open defecation(IHHL achievement in TSC programme in Karntaka in
July 2008 was reported as 28.68% ; good agreement)
Performance of 14 NGP villages covered in survey, on OD
Strengths•Committed financial resources•Programme focusing on all elements- HHL, School, Pre school, Supply chain, SLWM, Communication and capacity building, incentive system•Local bodies taking lead
Weaknesses•Inadequate focus on hygiene promotion•Weak supply chain affecting post construction support and O&M•Weak monitoring system for process parameters•Lack monitoring of usage and sustainability of the toilets
Opportunities•Increased awareness among PRIs, Women groups and government officials•Successful models in all states for scaling up•No dearth of resources
Threats•Too rapid scaling up•Poor monitoring of clean village award (NGP)
SWOT Analysis of TSC Program (India Country Paper- SACOSAN III)
SACOSAN III – The Delhi DeclarationSACOSAN III – The Delhi Declaration
• Importance to O&M- sustenance, not just toilet building
• Importance to integrating sanitation with other programs like health and education
• Importance to alt. solutions that conserve water, protect environmental, reuse waste
• Provide range of options depending on demand and willingness to pay
New TSC Guidelines (proposed)New TSC Guidelines (proposed)
Incorporating learnings from experience, input from civil society etc.
Toilet cost estimate and corresponding subsidy has also increased
EcosanEcosan
Ecosan
Hard rock areas
Areas with water scarcity
High water table
Flood-prone areas
Extreme winters
Ecosan by Geography; India
No. of Ecosan projects: 27
Fertilizer value: In a national context
•If we added up everyone’s pee could it cover the fertilizer requirement of the country ?-- No; but could make a significant dent for
phosphorus and potash-- National food security – import of fert.
• Ministry of Fertilizers should see the value in promoting ecosan
Fertilizer value: in a local context
•Productive kitchen gardens
•Source of fertilizer for small dry-land farmers who have not been using
chem. fertilizer•One more element in local organic biomass based fertilizer/manures
Areas Type of work Remarks
UAS Research Application of human urine in crop production
Kolar (Myrada) 204 toilets in 4 villages
Hard rock, water scarcity and a good community base of MyradaMysore (Myrada)
Gujrat (Utthan) 20 toilets Coastal regionManipur 20 toilets Prevent water contamination (?)
Chittoor, AP 12 toilets Water scarcity Bundelkhand, Bihar (DA) 2 toilets Experimental
Khagaria, Bihar(MPA) 6 toilets Flood prone
Effort so far:
Arghyam’s Experience
Learning:
• Need to explore more approaches for acceptability and usability
•Require post project support to community
• Research needs on:
• Protocols for urine use
• Design and cost reduction