greenhouse gases - ms. bryant-taneda · 2018. 9. 10. · greenhouse gases • the earth's...
TRANSCRIPT
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GreenhouseGases
EnvironmentalScienceJ.Bryant-Taneda
Resources:h
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Keytermstodefineandreview1)AlGore2)CO23)Permafrost4)Greenhousegases5)GreenhouseEffect6)KyotoAccord/Treaty7)Anthropogeniccauses8)Greentechnology&jobs9)Carbonsinks10)AntarcHcLarsenB11)CoralBleaching
12)Carbontax13)Tarsands14)Methane15)N2O16)UNIPCC
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Greenhousegases
• Theearth'satmospherecontainstracegases,someofwhichabsorbheat.Thesegases(watervapor,carbondioxide,methane,ozone,andnitrousoxide)arereferredtoas"greenhousegases."
• Albedo(measureforreflectanceoropHcalbrightness)hasanimportantinfluenceontheearth'stemperature.
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GreenhouseGases
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GreenhouseGases
• CarbonDioxide–colourlessandodorless;madebyburningcarbon,respiraHon,transportaHon
• Methane–colourless;manure,landfills,agriculture,animalandhumanflatulence
• Nitrousoxide–colourlessandsweet;producedbyheaHngammonium,manufacturing,cars
• Hydrofluorocarbons–semiconductormanufacturing• Perfluorocarbons–aluminiumproducHon• Sulfahexafluoride–electricaltransmission,magnesiumproducHon
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CO2 emissionsfromfossil-fueluseandcement
produc5oninthetop6to10emi:ngcountries
From 2003–20151,000milliontonnesCO2
Emissions1)Canada 0.8–0.7milliontonnes 2)SaudiArabia 0.5–0.6milliontonnes3)SouthKorea 0.5–0.6milliontonnes4)Brazil 0.4–0.55milliontonnes5)Indonesia 0.3–0.5milliontonnes��������������������Source:EDGARv4.3.2FT2015(JRC/PBL2016:IEA2014(suppl.withIEA2016forChina,BP2016,NBS2016,USGS2016,WSA2016,NOAA2016)h
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GlobalGreenhouseemissions,2016
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Canweliveonlessenergy?
• AccordingtotheCentreforAlterna3veTechnologyitispossibletoliveacomfortablelifestyleonjust15,000kWhofenergyperpersonperyear
• ThiscouldbemetfromexisHngrenewabletechnologiesaccordingtoenergyexpertDavidMackay-whocalculatedthatwithhugerenewablesbuildingeffortEuropecouldproduceover30,000kWh/person/year
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Country’senergyconsumpHonpercapitaThis is all the energy needed as input to produce fuel and electricity for end-users. It is known as Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES), a term used to indicate the sum of production and imports subtracting exports and storage changes.
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Canweliveonlessenergy?
• IthasbeensuggestedthattheUScouldreach22,500kWh/persononwind,hydroandgeothermalalone
• TheZeroCarbonBritainreportrecommendsbuildingover130,000offshorewindturbinestopowertheUK,eachupto100meterstall,coveringanareaofoceanthesizeofWales
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FoodrevoluHon
• Thefoodindustryisresponsibleforbetween1/3to1/2ofglobalemissions
• ThisincludesthemanufacturingofchemicalsandferHlizer,carbonlossfromsoils,farmenergyuse,transport,processing,refrigeraHon,andtheclearingofforeststocreateagriculturalland
• Alloftheseeffectsareheavilyassociatedwithlarge-scaleindustrialfarmingandnotwithsmallscaleorganicorpeasantfarming
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FoodrevoluHon
• GRAINhasesHmatedthatglobalshiptowardstradiHonalmanagementoftheworld’sagriculturallandcoulddraw3,750milliontonnesofCO2peryearoutoftheatmosphereandbackintosoiloverthenext10years(2008source)-equivalenttoalmost10%ofcurrentglobalemissions.
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DefiniHons1)AlGore–AlbertArnoldGoreJrisanAmericanpoliHcianandenvironmentalistwhoservedasthe45thvicepresidentoftheUSfrom1993-20012)CO2–Carbondioxideisagreenhousegas;carbondioxideisacolourlessgascomposedofonecarbonatomthatiscovalentlydoublebondedtotwooxygenatoms3)Permafrost–athicksubsurfaceofsoilthatremainsfrozenthroughouttheyear,occurringchieflyinpolarregions4)Greenhousegases–agasthatcontributestothegreenhouseeffectbyabsorbinginfraredradiaHon
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DefiniHons(conHnued)5)GreenhouseEffect–Greenhousegasesactlikeablanket,absorbinginfraredradiaHonandprevenHngitfromescapingintoouterspace6)KyotoAccord/Treaty–aninternaHonaltreatyamongindustrializednaHonsthatsetslimitsongreenhousegasemissions7)Anthropogeniccauses–causedorinfluencedbyhumans
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DefiniHons(conHnued)8a)Greentechnology-technologywhoseuseisintendedtomiHgateorreversetheeffectsofhumanacHvityontheenvironment.AconHnuouslyevolvinggroupofmethods/materialsfromtechniquesforgeneraHngenergytonon-toxiccleaningproducts8b)Greenjobsisworkinagricultural,manufacturing,researchanddevelopment(R&D),administraHve,andserviceacHviHesthatcontribute(s)substanHallytopreservingorrestoringenvironmentalquality.9)Carbonsinks–anaturalorarHficialreservoirthatabsorbsmorecarbonthanitreleasesascarbondioxide
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DefiniHons(conHnued)10)AntarcHcLarsenB(iceshelf)–TheAntarcHcLarsenBiceshelfcollapseoccurredinthenorthwestpartoftheWeddellSea.In2002,alargepartoftheicefrontbrokeofftheglacier11)CoralBleaching–whenachangeintemperaturenutrientsorsunlightcausescoraltoreleasealgaelivingwithinthemcausingstresstothecoralandeventuallykillingthecoral12)Carbontax–ataxonfossilfuelsintendedtoreducetheemissionofcarbondioxide13)Tarsands–adepositofsandimpregnatedbybitumen;thesandcanbeprocessedandyieldoil
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DefiniHons(conHnued)14)Methane–agreenhousegas;acolourlessodorlessflammablegasthatisthemainconsHtuentofnaturalgas15)N2O–Nitrousoxideisagreenhousegas;acolorlessnon-flammablegas,withaslightlymetallicscentandtaste,knownaslaughinggas.16)UNIPCC(InternaHonalPanelonClimateChange)–ascienHficandintergovernmentalbodyundertheauspicesoftheUN,setupattherequestofmembergovernments,dedicatedtoprovidingtheworldwithanobjecHve,scienHficviewofclimatechangeanditspoliHcalandeconomicimpacts