greenhouse gas protocol: policy and action standard, mitigation goal standard
DESCRIPTION
World Resources Institute hosted a launch event on 21 November 2014 for two new Greenhouse Gas Protocol Standards to inform government climate change strategies. Building on previous GHG Protocol standards, the Policy and Action Standard helps evaluate the effectiveness of specific policies or measures in achieving greenhouse gas emissions reductions, empowering policymakers and analysts to better assess and communicate their progress. The Mitigation Goal Standard takes a bigger picture view, enabling governments to determine their emissions trajectory and whether their policy portfolio aligns with reaching their climate goals. Both standards are applicable for all levels of government. Find out more at http://www.wri.org/events/2014/11/launch-and-training-workshop-greenhouse-gas-protocolTRANSCRIPT
LAUNCH OF
GHG PROTOCOL
POLICY AND ACTION STANDARD &
MITIGATION GOAL STANDARD
21 NOVEMBER 2014
Manish Bapna
Executive Vice President and Managing Director, World Resources Institute
Pankaj Bhatia
Director, Greenhouse Gas Protocol, World Resources Institute
Key questions
• Are countries on track to meet their climate commitments?
• How effective are local or national policies to drive emissions reductions?
• Will countries’ actions add up to limit warming to under 2 degrees Celsius?
Source for carbon budget: IPCC AR5 Synthesis Report
Need for new standards
• New diversity of national GHG reduction goals
• Increased need to estimate GHG effects of policies and actions
• Lack of consistency and transparency in current approaches
• Lack of capacity
• No international guidelines until now
Overview of standards
How to estimate the
greenhouse gas effects of
policies and actions
How to assess progress toward
national or subnational GHG
emissions reduction goals
Policy and Action Standard
Before implementation:
What effect is a given policy or action likely to have on emissions
in the future?
During implementation: Is a given policy or action on track and delivering expected
results?
After implementation: What effect has a
given policy or action had on emissions?
Purpose of the standard
Governments (local, subnational, national), donor agencies and financial institutions, businesses, NGOs, and research institutes can use the standard to:
• Inform policy selection and design by comparing policy options based on their expected GHG effects
• Evaluate policy effectiveness (and cost-effectiveness) in delivering intended results
• Report on GHG effects of policies and actions
• Attract and facilitate financial support for mitigation actions by estimating GHG reductions
• Can also assess non-GHG effects (co-benefits) and costs
Objectives of assessing policy/action impact
Regulations and standards
Taxes Subsidies
Emissions trading programs
Voluntary agreements
Information instruments
Infrastructure programs
Implementation of new technologies,
processes, or practices
Financing and investment
Types of policies and actions
Define policy or action
Identify effects
Estimate baseline scenario emissions
Estimate policy
scenario emissions
Subtract to
estimate the GHG
effect
Overview of steps
Pilot example: German renewable energy law
Pilot example: Beijing ETS
6000
6250
6500
6750
7000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
CO
2em
issi
on
s (1
0k
ton
s)
policy scenario
baseline scenario
policy scenario (only consider electricity related emission reduction)
Mitigation Goal Standard
Before the goal period: What factors
to consider when designing a goal and
how to calculate allowable emissions in the target year
During the goal period: How to
assess and report progress
After the goal period: How to
assess and report goal achievement
Purpose of the standard
Types of goals
Goal Type ExamplesReductions
in what?
Reductions
relative to
what?
Base year
emissions goal
Australia: 80% reduction below 2000 levels by
2050
New York City: 30% below 2005 levels by 2030
EmissionsHistorical
base year
Fixed level goal
Costa Rica: ‘long-term economy-wide
transformational effort to enable carbon-
neutrality’
Emissions
No
reference
level
Base year
intensity goal
China: 40-45% reduction in CO2 emissions per
unit of GDP by 2020 compared with the 2005
level
Emissions
intensity
Historical
base year
Baseline
scenario goal
Brazil: Between 36.1% and 38.9% below
projected emissions in 2020
South Africa: 34% deviation below BAU by
2020
Emissions
Projected
baseline
scenario
Pilot example: South Africa Mining Sector – tracking progress
Pilot example: United Kingdom – Multi-Year Goals
Process for developing the standards
Greenhouse Gas Protocol standards
Corporate Standard
Project Protocol
Product Standard
Corporate Value Chain
(Scope 3) Standard
Mitigation Goal Standard
Policy and Action Standard
Standard development process
Secretariat (WRI)
Advisory Committee (30)
Technical Working Groups (80)
Review Group (130)
Pilot Testers (30)
• 270 participants in 40 countries
Pilot testing: 32 policies/goals in 20 countries/cities
US
Mexico
Costa RicaColombia
Chile South Africa
Indonesia
Japan
South Korea
China
India
Bangladesh
Tunisia
UK BelgiumGermany
Israel
www.ghgprotocol.org/mitigation-accounting
Thank You.
Kelly Levin David Rich Pankaj Bhatia
Michael Lazarus
Senior Scientist, Stockholm Environment Institute – US Center
Piloting the Standards
Michael Lazarus, SEI-US, Seattle office
GHG Protocol Standards Launch
WRI, Washington, DCNovember 21, 2014
Piloting the Goals Standard for Seattle
• Goals: Emissions 7% below from 1990 levels by 2012 (Kyoto) and
80% by 2050 (helped launch a national effort of 1,000 U.S. Mayors)
• Finding: 2012 core emissions only 4% below 1990, short of 7% goal,
while population grew by 23%
• Application: Together with ex ante analysis of how to meet 2050
goal, used by City to inform climate action plan
Common process and accounting can help guide
how (and why) goals are set (and met)
1.12
0.23 0.05
0.26 0.25
0.23 0.08 0.05
0.38 0.09 0.05
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
1990 Populationand economic
growth
Phase-in ofODS
substitutes
Lowerpassenger
travel
More efficientcars and
trucks
More efficientair travel
Buildingefficiency &fuel switch
Efficiency &changes in
output
Less disposal,more recycling/ composting
Lower-carbonelectricity
Seattle CityLight offsets
Other 2012
GHGEmissions(Million t CO2e)
TRANSPORT BUILDINGS INDUSTRY & WASTE
6.13 6.04
EXOGENOUS FACTORS POWER SUPPLY OTHER
Piloting Policies & Actions Standard for Keystone XL
• Demonstrated utility of the Standard for infrastructure activities and
policies that might increase emissions
• Highlighted importance of capturing baseline uncertainty
• Showed value of thinking through causal chains
Guidance, tools, and consistency can support
robust, policy-relevant analysis
Sophie Siemens
Project Coordinator, Ministry of Environment, Chile
Pilot Testing Experience from Chile of WRI Mitigation Goals and Policy & Action Standards
MRV of Policies and Low-Emission Development Strategies
Friday, 21st November 2014, by M. Sophie Siemens
LECB Project Coordinator at Climate Change Office
Ministry of Environment of Chile
Gobierno de Chile | Ministerio del Medio Ambiente
“Chile will take NAMAs to achieve a 20% deviation below the ‘business as usual’ emissions growth trajectory by 2020, as projected from year 2007.
32
Goal level
Single or multi yeargoal
Goal period
Mitigation goal type
GHGs considered
Scope
Sector and sources
Geographic boundary National.
All IPCC 2006 sectors and relevant sources by sector.
Single goal across scope with direct emissions.
All KP gases.
Reduction in emissions relative to a static baselinescenario.
From 2007 until 2020.
Single year. Target year: 2020.
20% deviation below the ‘business as usual’ emissions growth trajectory by 2020, as projected from year 2007.
Chile is developing NAMAs to meet its voluntary goal.
Mitigation Goal Assessment
Gobierno de Chile | Ministerio del Medio Ambiente
Minimum Efficiency Performance Standards for residential lighting (MEPS)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
800,000
2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Net
GH
G E
mis
sio
ns (
tCO
2e)
Accumulated effects:-1.729.732 tCO2e
N° Sector Name of Action Implementor Type1 Transport CO2 goals for new cars MoE Ex ante
2 Industry andMining
Cogeneration MoE Ex ante
3 CPR Thermal reconditioning MoE Ex ante &Expost
4 Appliances Minimum Efficiency PerformanceStandards for residential lighting(MEPS)
Ministry ofEnergy
Ex-ante2014-2020
5 All sectors EE awareness campaign MoE tbd
Questions and Answers
For more information on the Mitigation Goal and Policy and Action standards, please visit ghgprotocol.org
Katia Simeonova
Manager, Mitigation, Data and Analysis Programme, United Nations Climate Change Secretariat
Panel Discussion
Jennifer Morgan, Director, Climate Program, World Resources Institute
Alexa Kleysteuber, Mitigation Advisor, The Independent Association of Latin America and the Caribbean
Maurice LeFranc, Senior Advisor for International Climate Change, United States Environmental Protection Agency
Kelly Levin, Senior Associate, World Resources Institute
David Rich, Senior Associate, World Resources Institute
Questions and Answers
For more information on the Mitigation Goal and Policy and Action standards, please visit ghgprotocol.org