“green” & sustainable infrastructure: a water treatment perspective michael r. schock usepa,...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
“Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective
“Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective
Michael R. SchockUSEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD
Cincinnati, [email protected]
Michael R. SchockUSEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD
Cincinnati, [email protected]
![Page 2: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why Do We Care about Plumbing?
• Human health Toxic contaminants
• Metals• Microorganisms• Organic leachates
Allergens• Dermal irritants (eg. Ni)• Biofilms
![Page 3: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Why Do We Care about Plumbing?
• Materials longevity Uniform corrosion (wears through) Non-uniform corrosion
• pinhole leaks• tuberculation
![Page 4: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Scale View of Drinking Water Distribution
• Municipal distribution network Mains Storage tanks/reservoirs
• Service lines • Premise plumbing system
Cold (drinking/consumption) Hot (human use)
![Page 5: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
“Premise Plumbing”• After NRC-NAS Report1 definition• Residential• School/day care• Hospital• Office building• Manufacturing complex
1 National Research Council, 2006. Alternatives for Premise Plumbing. Ch. 8 in: Drinking Water Distribution Systems: Assessing and Reducing Risk, pp. 316-340. National Academies Press, Washington, DC.
![Page 6: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Typical Plumbing Materials: DS• Old unlined iron• Asbestos-cement• Cement mortar linings with seal coat
Bitumen Epoxy
• Plastics• In-situ relined (rehabilitated)
Cement mortar Epoxy Plastic liners
![Page 7: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Typical New Premise Plumbing Materials
• Copper• Plastics• Copper alloy components
Traditional leaded brasses New low-Pb alloys
• Stainless steels• Plated materials (Ni, Cr)• Soldered joints
![Page 8: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What Are Contamination Sources?
• Pipes• Faucets• Flow control/shut-off valves• Meters• Pressure regulators• Backflow preventers• Storage tanks• Biofilms growing in the above
![Page 9: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Pipe Networks Are Not Inert!
![Page 10: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Challenges of Water Conservation
• Creates conditions of Higher metal exposure potential Depletion of disinfection Temperature conditions favorable for
nitrification and other biofilm growth• Problem extent function of:
Background water chemistry Usage pattern Spatial distribution of contamination sources
![Page 11: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Example: Copper Levels and Stagnation
Stagnation time, hours
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900
1
2
3
4
5
6
7Cu, 161-184 days
DO, 161-184 daysCu, 455-462 days
DO, 455-462 days
Dissolved oxygen
Copper
![Page 12: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Current Plumbing Standards• EPA does not have statutory authority
to require non-contaminating materials not be used in drinking water systems
• SDWA has voluntary standards• Widespread use of NSF/ANSI 61 in
model plumbing codes• Enforcement erratic or non-existent
![Page 13: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
More Problems• Standards not robust enough to cover
low-flow challenges• Many materials are legal under the
standards, but can still contaminate under many water chemistries Leaded brasses Copper
![Page 14: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DW Treatment Dilemma• Water chemistry targets of corrosion control
often conflict with ideal conditions for DBP control
• Increasing levels of disinfectant to overcome high water age cause more DBPs to form
• High dosages of corrosion inhibitors create high nutrient loads for wastewater treatment plants
• Phosphate inhibitors are costly and sometimes in short supply
![Page 15: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Reasons to Avoid Supplemental Building Water Treatment
• Dangerous chemicals• Requires chemical feed or other mechanical
equipment operation• Ongoing chemical/process cost• Requires dosage and background chemistry
monitoring to maintain proper conditions• May require licensed operator and state or federal
regulation as TNCWS• Even POU devices at each tap for consumption
require monitoring and replacement
![Page 16: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What We Think is “Green”• Reduced use of non-renewable natural resources
Manufacture of plumbing materials Municipal or supplemental DW treatment chemicals
• Does not cause unhealthy levels of contamination under intended usage conditions Metals Organics Microbial
![Page 17: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
What We Think is “Green”• Does not require supplemental treatment
Entry point Point of use
• Does not create environmental challenges with waste Reduces metal loadings to WWTPs Reduces nutrient loadings to WWTPs Plumbing materials amenable to recycling/reuse
![Page 18: “Green” & Sustainable Infrastructure: A Water Treatment Perspective Michael R. Schock USEPA, ORD, NRMRL, WSWRD Cincinnati, OH schock.michael@epa.gov Michael](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051819/551b73a8550346a10a8b4ab9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
“Green Infrastructure”New Opportunity for Achievable Objectives
• Prevent the potential for contamination in the first place
• Dramatically reduce the extent of contamination
• Simplify central water treatment to provide better overall protection Metal contamination Corrosion Disinfection Disinfection byproducts (carcinogens)