green solvents- a sustainable option 2015/gre… · green solvents- a sustainable option sangeeta...
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Green Solvents- A sustainable option
Sangeeta Srivastava
Godavari Biorefineries Limited
Mumbai
www.somaiya.com
Solvents!!!!
• Playamajor role inmanyareas of technology
• Provide many opportunities for improvement of
environmental aspects.
• Represent a very large proportion of the volatile organic
compounds (VOCs) released into theatmosphere.
• Used in coating, cleaning, extraction, reaction, energy
control,mixingetc.
What are Green Solvents?
• Chemicals arising from fermentation and renewable
resources
• Minimizetheuseandgenerationof hazardous substances
• Theymeet thegoal tominimizeenvironmental impact
• ThereforeTheyare–A sustainableOption.
Market of Green & Biosolvent
• The market size, in terms of value--about USD 5.58 Billion in 2015 and is projected to reach USD 8.17 Billion by 2020, at a CAGR of 7.94% between 2015 and 2020.
• The green and bio-solvents market, along with its applications, witnessed a moderate-to-high growth in the past few years and is likely to continue so in the in the coming years.
• Bio-solvents have made rapid incursions into a variety of end-use segments such as printing inks, coatings, edible oil adhesives, food processing, and cleaning products, among others.
• Regulatory mandates for the printing ink industry have set stringent guidelines for the use of solvents, thereby driving the increased use of bio-solvents in the printing ink industry.
Principles of Green Chemistry
Green
Chemistry
Prevention
Atom Economy
Less Hazardous chemical synthesis
Designing safer chemicals
Safer Solvents & Auxiliaries
Design of Energy efficiency
Use of Renewable RM
Inherently safer chemistry for accident prevention
Real-time analysis for pollution prevention
Design of Degradation
Catalysts
Reduce Derivatives
Use of Renewable RM-Green Solvent
• A natural resource that can replenish itself over time
• Feed stock should be renewable rather than non-renewable
• Reduce the consumption of fossil fuel
• Renewable Raw-materials– Agricultural
– Forestry
– Animal or microbial products
• Examples of renewable agricultural raw materials which are used industrially– Cellulose
– Starch
– Sugar
– Oils and Fats
Commonly used solvents
Preferred Usable Undesirable
Water Cyclohexane Pentane
Acetone Methylcyclohexane Hexane(s)
Ethanol Toluene Di-isopropyl ether
2-propanol Heptane Diethyl ether
1-propanol Methyl t-butyl ether Dicholoromethane
Ethyl acetate/Ethyl lactate
Isooctane Dicholoroethane
Iso-propyl acetate Acetonitrile Chloroform
Methanol 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Dimethyl formamide
Methyl ethyl ketone Tetrahydrofuran N-methylpyrrolidinone
1-butanol Xylenes Pyridine
t-butanol Dimethyl sulfoxide Dimethyl acetamide
Red Category Solvents
Red Category Solvents
Flash Point (OC)
Reason
Pentane -49 Very low flash point, good alternative available
Hexane(s) -23 More toxic than the alternative heptane
Di-isopropyl ether -12 Very low flash point, good alternative ethers available
Diethyl ether -40 Very low flash point
Dicholoroethane 15 Carcinogen
Chloroform N/A Carcinogen
Dimethyl formamide 57 Toxic
N-methylpyrrolidinone 86 Toxic
Pyridine 20carcinogen, toxicity, very low threshold limit value TLV for worker exposures
Dimethyl acetamide 70 Toxic
Benzene -11 Carcinogen, toxic to humans and environment
Solvents when manufactured!
Green Solvent Petroleum Solvent
Rate of reaction Slow Rapid
Quality of Product
Produces product with other impurities, which can be purified
Much purer product
Reaction conditions
Gentle temperature & pressureHigh temperature & pressure
Use of resourcesUses renewable resources based on plant material.
Uses finite resources based on crude oil.
Sugar
Ethanol
Bulk Organic Chemicals
Specialty Chemicals
Agriculture & AgriculturalResearch
Somaiya group established in 1939 is one of the oldest and well establishedindustrial houses in India and has diversified interest in:
Renewable energy
Education
Healthcare
Printing and Publishing
Food Processing
About Somaiya Group
GBL’S MILESTONES- No.1 Processor for Sugar at a Single Location.
- Processing 2 – 2.5 Million Tons of Sugarcane per year.
- Sugar Production & Sugar Refinery Capacity - 550 Thousand MTPA
- Power plant capacity 50 MW.
- Ethanol Production Capacity - 85 Mn liters p.a.
- Leading manufacturer of Beverage Grade Ethanol & Anhydrous Ethanol used in blending with gasoline.
- Produces various chemicals using Ethanol as feedstock.
- Among top 10 producers in the world of Ethyl Acetate with production capacity of 80,000 MT p.a & 1,00,000 MT p.a including other Somaiya Group Companies.
- GBL’s Chemical Unit is an Export Oriented Unit (EOU).
Private & Confidential
GBL through its journey of 70 years has created a well integratedsugarcane processing complex & has become a leading manufacturer ofSugar, Ethanol, Organic Chemicals, Power & Bio -Fertilizers.
GBL is actively pursuing the goal of creating a unique Biorefinery usinggreen & renewable sugarcane as a feedstock.
GBL is involved in production of various agricultural products & sugarmanufacturing since 1939, started producing ethanol from 1961, haslaunched a cogeneration unit in 2002, and is selling carbon credits since2007.
About Godavari Biorefineries Ltd (GBL) …
Green Solvents GBL
Ethanol
Ethyl Acetate
Paraldehyde
1,3-Butanediol
Acetaldehyde diethyl acetal
3-Ethoxy Butanol
Acetic Acid
Ethyl Lactate
Levulinic acid and esters
Ethyl Acetate
• One of the most popular Solvent
• Molasses Ethanol Ethyl Acetate
• Esterification reaction
CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
• Properties & Applications• Low cost, low toxicity, and agreeable odour.• Present in confectionery, perfumes, and fruits.• In perfumes, it evaporates quickly, leaving only the scent of the
perfume on the skin.• In paints act as an activator or hardener• As a solvent it is pretty harmless to the environment and to
people too.• Non-carcinogenic
EA as alternative
Parameters Ethyl Acetate Dicholoromethane
Molecular weight (g/mol) 88.10 84.93
Density (20 OC){g/cm3} 0.897 1.33
Boling Point (OC) 77.1 39.6
Melting Point (OC) -83.6 -96.7
Flash Point (OC) 13 N/A
Viscosity (25 OC){cP} 0.426 0.44
n (refractive index) (20 OC) 1.3720 1.424
Dielectric constant (25 OC) 6.02 8.93
Azeotropic point with water (20 OC) 70.4 38.1
Solubility in water (20 OC){g/100g} 7.8 1.3
Explosion range (vol%) 2.2 to 11 14 to 22
Ethyl Lactate
• A renewable Solvent
• Sugarcane/Molasses Lactic Acid Ethyl Lactate
• It’s an important organic ester
• Biodegradable solvent with excellent properties and low toxicitybeing produced by lactic acid aqueous solution and ethanol, via anesterification process
CH3CH(OH)CO2H + C2H5OH CH3CH(OH )CO2C2H5 + H2O
• Variety of lactate esters possible
• Renewable source (non-petrochemical)
Ethyl Lactate
• Attractive Solvent Properties– Biodegradable,– Easy to recycle, – Non-corrosive, – Non-carcinogenic– Non-ozone depleting– Good solvent for variety of processes – Low volatility & Non-toxic– Low-Cost and Environmentally Friendly
• Commonly used in the paint and coatings industry– Potentially has many other applications.
EL as alternative
Parameters Ethyl Lactate Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Molecular weight (g/mol) 118.13 72.11
Density (20 OC){g/cm3} 1.03 0.805
Boling Point (OC) 151 – 155 79.64
Melting Point (OC) -26 -86
Flash Point (OC) 46 -9
Viscosity (25 OC){cP} 2.8 0.43
n (refractive index) (20 OC) 1.4118 1.3788
Dielectric constant (25 OC) 18.5 8.93
Azeotropic point with water (20 OC) No azeotrope 73.4
Solubility in water (20 OC){g/100g} Totally Soluble 27.5
Ethyl Lactate as an alternative
SOLVENTSTOXIC RELEASEINVENTORY (TRI)
EVAPORATIONRATE
EFFECTIVENESSXYLENE = 1
Xylene Yes 0.86 1
Toluene Yes 2.4 1.025
Acetone Yes 7.7 1.375
N-methyl,1,2 pyrolidone (NMP) Yes 0.03 3.5
Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) Yes 6 1.275
Ethyl Lactate No 0.22 10
Ethyl Levulinate
• A renewable Solvent
• Sugarcane/Molasses Levulinic acid Acid Ethyl Levulinate
• It’s an important organic ester
• Biodegradable solvent with excellent properties and low toxicitybeing produced by levulinic acid aqueous solution and ethanol, viaan esterification process
• Variety of esters possible
• Renewable source (non-petrochemical)
• Solvent for food flavouring agents
• Molasses Ethanol Aldehyde Aldol 1,3-BG
CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO + H2 CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2(OH)
• Properties & Applications• Practically odourless, viscous, • Hygroscopic liquid of low toxicity.• Better efficacy of preservatives• Has anti-microbial effect itself• Contributes to the preservation of cosmetics against spoilage by
micro-organisms.• Intermediate in the manufacture of polymeric plasticizers• Outstanding humectant• Non-irritating
1,3-Butylene Glycol
Different Solvents
Ethyl Lactate Ethyl Acetate 1,3-Butylene Glycol
Source Molasses Ethanol Acetaldehyde
ApplicationPaint and coatings
industry, Paints and printing ink
industry, Cosmetic industry
Flash Point, OC
CC - Closed Cup
OC - Open Cup
46 CC
130 OC
–4 CC
13 OC
109 CC
115 OC
Solubility Totally soluble 78 g/l @ 20 C Totally soluble
Azetropic point with water, OC
& compositionNo azeotrope
70.4
91.5/8.5No azeotrope
Conclusion
• Green Solvents is a Sustainable option .
• Many Solvents are available with better performance.
How many of you would be willing to pay 2-3 times
more for Solvents because they are“environmentally
friendly” and Green?
“But this will change as it is important for creating a
better world.”