green innovation & regional development: wales & the world phil cooke aalborg & cardiff...
TRANSCRIPT
Green Innovation & Regional Development: Wales & the World
Phil Cooke
Aalborg & Cardiff Universities
1. What is Green Innovation?
• ‘Green’ refers to ‘….diverse products, technologies and processes which, through improvements in the clean energy supply chain from energy source through to point of consumption, result in reduction in greenhouse gases.’ (Cooke, 2008)
• Innovation, as ever, refers to ‘…the commercialisation of new knowledge..’ (neo-Schumpeterian/Evolutionary school, Freeman, 1987, Lundvall, 1992, Edquist, 1997)
Green Innovation: new challenges and opportunities
Innovation Product Process Organizational Region Input
Radical Fuel Cells Membrane Carbon Trading Green Solar Paint Filtration Building Codes Disruptive Low Emission Low Energy Green Organic City LED Street/ Engines Pumps Construction Purchasing Traffic Lights
Recombinant Smart Meters Green Carbon Offsetting Local Sensors Manufacturing Agenda 21 Sustaining Photovoltaics Organic Organic Local Food Biocomposites Retailing Farms Networks Incremental Wind Energy 4G Catalysers Biomass CHP Tidal Energy 2G Biofuels
Fig.2. Innovation Category & Intensity Taxonomy
NB: LED: light-emitting diode; Local Agenda 21: neighbourhood or city policy to meet Kyoto protocols; CHP: combined heat and power plants; 2G/4G: second/fourth generation.
Green/Clean Technology Convergence
E.G. Biomass, Biogas, Bioethanol, Wind, Wave, Tidal Energies, Hydrogen Fuel Cells, Hybrid Autos, Plug-ins, Clean Pumps, Filtration & Industrial Ecology etc. ‘Platforms’
2. California’s ‘Jacobian’ Cluster ‘Platform’
Cluster Legend:Clean TechBiotechnologyWirelessICTAgro-Food
Organic FoodWineFilm
Click for
20 Who Ditched Infotech for CleantechWith their dotcom and broadband-based winnings, serial entrepreneurs of the ICT age have moved into the energy
and cleantech markets• Shai Agassi (SAP), Founder, CEO
Project Better Place, Palo Alto, SV• Bob Metcalfe, Partner, Polaris
Venture Partners, CEO GreenFuel (Camb.MA)
• Vinod Khosla, Founder Khosla Ventures.
• Sunil Paul, Seed investor, early stage cleantech, Nanosolar, Oorja.
• Elon Musk, Chairman, Tesla, Chairman, CEO SolarCity
• Steve Jurvetson, Partner, Draper Fisher Jurvetson.
• Bill Gross, Founder Idealab Steve Westly, Founder The Westly Group.
• Dan Whaley, Founder, CEO Climos.. • Martin Eberhard, Founder, former
CEO Tesla.
• Martin Roscheisen, Founder, CEO Nanosolar.
• Martin Tobias, Former CEO Imperium Renewables.
• Manny Hernandez, CFO SunPower.
• Jonathan Gay, CEO of GreenBox • Jeff Skoll, Founder Skoll
Foundation, investor in Tesla, Nanosolar.
• Mitch Mandich, CEO Range Fuels.
• Larry Gross, CEO of Edeniq. • Bruce Sohn, President First
Solar. • David Kaplan, Founder V2Green. • David Cope, CEO of PurFresh.
Evolution by Mutation• Pythagoras Solar was founded in 2006 by Gonen Fink, previously at
Check Point Software, The company has an R&D centre in Hakfar Hayarok, Israel and a US office in San Mateo, California
• Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, a leader in research and development of technologies in the fields of water, energy and the environment, will invest in Israel Cleantech Ventures, Israel’s first cleantech focused venture capital fund
• Israel Cleantech Ventures was established in 2006 to invest growth capital in Israel's energy, water and environmental leaders. To date, the Fund has invested in 6 companies
• Israel Cleantech Invests in Pythagoras SolarPythagoras is a solar energy company developing innovative photovoltaic technology to revolutionize the cost of solar electricity.
• Israel Cleantech Invests in AqWiseAqWise develops and implements innovative solutions for biological wastewater treatment and rapid filtration using movable plastic biomass carriers
• Israel Cleantech Invests in Emefcy Bioenergy SystemsEmefcy is designing an innovative wastewater treatment system which will harness the energy inherent in organic components in wastewater
• XJet Solar Energy Entrepreneur from Semiconductors • Orion Solar Energy Entrepreneur from Aerospace
Clean Tech Biotechnology
Wireless Agro-Food (Organic)
Agro-Food (Conv.) Furniture
Fashion Engineering (Fish)
Engineering (Pipes)
N. Jutland’s Jacobian Cluster ‘Platform’
N. Jutland: a Green Regional Innovation System
• ‘Innovative Region: Flexible District Heating’ Platform
• Biogas, Biomass, Solar Thermal, Wind - ‘plug-ins’
• ‘Social Network’ >100 ‘system’ & ‘solution’ firms
• Aalborg U, Municipalities, DTI, VåxtForum Fund (40 mn.DK bid).
• ‘Aggregators’ or ‘system integrators’ include:
• Arcon Solar (Velux VHK), Exergi, Lokster (Pipework), Baracon (Biogas), Grundfos
• Humvel, NIAS, EnergiPlan (consultants)
Baglan Energy Park
Tribrid Bus
Connaught Engineering
HFC Inventor Sir William Grove,born Swansea, 11th July, 1811
The Narrow Car Company
Hydrogen Fuelled Vehicle Firms and Infrastructure: Wales
6. Top European Fast Growth Eco-Businesses In Wales
Pelikon
DST – 2/100
Atra – 10/100
Inetec – 14/100
G24i - 37/100
Pelikon – 80/100
Source: Library House, 2008
Environmental Innovation in Wales: 30 Solar Energy Equipment Manufacturers
LlaniSolar
G24i
Sharp Solar, Dulas; PV Systems; Corus Colours, ICP Solar, Jantec
Solar, IQE
PHOTOVOLTAICS CLUSTER
ICP Solar
MicaulSolar
Clear Sky
ThermonaxSundance Renewables
Royce RenewablesPJB Systems
Solar Housing
Solarfit
KDUK
Sunset Solar
SB Alternative Energy
Bright Light Solar
VE Heating
Eco Energy Systems
Solarfit
InterSolar
Kingspan Sundance Renewables also Produce 300,000 Biofuel litres/yr.
IGER – Novel Agricultural Products Research: Miscanthus & Wood Chips
Germinal Holdings, Bristol
Germinal Holdings, Lincoln
IGER
IGER
SW Seed Ltd. Cambridge
Genus, Hampshire
Alltech, USA, Ireland &Worldwide
BPI Agri, London
R&D
SAs
Research Collaborations
Sanofi-Aventis Guildford
Advanta, Lincoln
Unilever, Cheshire
Genencor, Copenhagen
Alltech
Merial
Biotal, Cardiff Tesco
South Counties Foods
Dengie Crops
Dow Elanco
Monsanto Cultech, Port Talbot
Prya
Kemira, Helsinki
Molecular Nature
Spinout
Germinal Holdings N.I (2), RoI
Biofuels Producers in Wales
Cardiff
The new facility in Swansea is believed to be the largest biodiesel plant in Wales
Below: Wood Pellets
Miscanthus ↓
50 wood-chip farms supplying Bluestone
Bluestone, Pembrokeshire, Wales
• The Bluestone Project, valued at about €130m million• 340 timber chalets surrounding a 'Celtic Village' of 80
permanent buildings within the National Park • Adjoining Oakwood Leisure Park, next to which a Snow
Dome, Waterworld, Tropical Garden and Sports Centre are proposed.
• A community of up to 2,000 residents and 5,000 day visitors.
• Jobs: 200 construction; 600 catering/hospitality; 100 suppliers
• 3 MW Biomass (willow chips) CHP units burning fuel sourced from 2 specialist local farms by Pembrokeshire Bioenergy
Pembrokeshire Bioenergy Ltd• Grant from Pembrokeshire Coast National Park Sustainable Development Fund (2005)
• DEFRA Grant to develop and market carbon-neutral crops
• Miscanthus and Short Rotation Willow Coppice trials
50 farmers growing energy crops tosupply miscanthus & willow
Centre for Alternative Land Use (CALU)
Conclusions• How much value is this green innovation activity creating?
– US Corn Bioethanol share price peak $43 (May 2005) but down to $2 (September 2008) 2G expected to be better.
– 1G had little effect on GHGs or US oil-dependence despite $80 bn. Subsidy– Wind power better EU - $85 billion invested, $200bn in decade– UK govt. £100 bn. Renewables Market– Bain & Co. UK wind alone £39 bn. Market (60,000 jobs - overestimates)
• How many jobs?– Renewable Energy – UK govt.-160,000 anticipated (NIESR says 1/3 of that)– Germany, Denmark & Spain (70% EU Capacity) 133,000 employed in
turbine ‘clusters’– Biomass – Drax – 3 x 300MW biomass power plants to invest $3.5 bn
(Energy Scale: City of Nottingham)– Previous Drax announcement: 100 jobs per 100 MW so approx. 900– San Jose ‘Green Vision’ 25,000 in 10 years
• Co-evolution: the Post-hydrocarbon Paradigm• Green niches• Green technological regime• Green Socio-technical Landscape