Green Computing

Presentation Report

Name Ishwar Datt Mishra

Roll No. 1303313019

Branch IT

Year 2nd

Subject Colloquium

Submitted to :

Mr V K Tripathi

Mr Saurabh Agrawal

Certificate This is to certify that Ishwar Datt Mishra of B-Tech (IT) 2nd

year has carried out a presentation on Green Computing

under the guidance of Mr V K Tripathi and Mr Saurabh

Agarwal for the partial fulfilment of subject in Information

Technology department in Raj Kumar Goel Institute Of

Technology, Ghaziabad (Affiliated to Uttar Pradesh

Technical University, Lucknow).This is a bone fide record

of the presentation done by him in 4th semester year

2015.

Subject teacher:

Signature

Mr V K Tripathi Mr Saurabh Agrwal

Abstract Green computing, green IT or ICT Sustainability, refers to

environmentally sustainable computing or IT. In the article

Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices, San Murugesan defines

the field of green computing as "the study and practice of designing,

manufacturing, using, and disposing of computers, servers, and

associated subsystemssuch as monitors, printers, storage devices,

and networking and communications systems efficiently and

effectively with minimal or no impact on the environment. The

goals of green computing are similar to green chemistry; reduce the

use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the

product's lifetime, and promote the recyclability or biodegradability

of defunct products and factory waste. Research continues into key

areas such as making the use of computers as energy-efficient as

possible, and designing algorithms and systems for efficiency-related

computer technologies.

Green computing is the environmentally responsible use of

computers and related resources. Such practices include the

implementation of energy-efficient central processing units (CPUs),

servers and peripherals as well as reduced resource consumption

and proper disposal of electronic waste (e-waste). One of the earliest

initiatives toward green computing in the United States was the

voluntary labelling program known as Energy Star. It was conceived

by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1992 to promote

energy efficiency in hardware of all kinds. The Energy Star label

became a common sight, especially in notebook computers and

displays. Similar programs have been adopted in Europe and Asia.

Acknowledgement In process of making this presentation on the topic Green

Computing, I got to learn a lot about the innovative technologies

being used to make energy efficient and environment friendly

Computer system and servers and how these new green ways

are small but positive step for our nature and surrounding.

I would like to thank my teacher Guide Mr V K Tripathi and Mr

Saurabh Agrawal for their constructive advice and constant

support and for this fantastic topic.

In the end I would like to thank my friends for their support in

this and critical views to give this presentation its present form.

Ishwar Datt Mishra

IT 2nd year

1303313019

Index Introduction

Background

Why Green Computing?

Implementation of Green Computing

In datacentre In a computer system In Hardware In Software

Conclusion

Reference

Introduction The Environment is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear

Green Computing. But this concept was caused not only by the environment

but by the money also. In the 90s common and IT people start to think how IT

affects Environment sustainability. It started with advices and news and in few

years conferences and groups came up.

Green computing is the study and practice of using computing resources efficiently. The primary objective of such a program is to account for the triple bottom line, an expanded spectrum of values and criteria for measuring organizational (and societal) success. The goals are similar to green chemistry; reduce the use of hazardous materials, maximize energy efficiency during the product's lifetime, and promote recyclability or biodegradability of defunct products and factory waste.

Modern IT systems rely upon a complicated mix of people, networks and hardware; as such, a green computing initiative must be systemic in nature, and address increasingly sophisticated problems. Elements of such as solution may comprise items such as end user satisfaction, management restructuring, regulatory compliance, disposal of electronic waste, telecommuting, virtualization of server resources, energy use, thin client solutions, and return on investment (ROI).

As 21st century belongs to computers, gizmos and electronic items, energy issues will get a serious ring in the coming days, as the public debate on carbon emissions, global warming and climate change gets hotter. Taking into consideration the popular use of information technology industry, it has to lead a revolution of sorts by turning green in a manner no industry has ever done before.

Background In 1992, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency launched Energy

Star, a voluntary labelling program that is designed to promote and

recognize energy-efficiency in monitors, climate control equipment,

and other technologies. This resulted in the widespread adoption

of sleep mode among consumer electronics. Concurrently, the

Swedish organization TCO Development launched the TCO

Certification program to promote low magnetic and electrical

emissions from CRT-based computer displays; this program was

later expanded to include criteria on energy

consumption, ergonomics, and the use of hazardous materials in

construction.

Some data: A server spend around 120W [1], so each rack of servers spend

around 10kW (each rack contains up to 80 servers [2]). If we include

the infrastructure (cooling system, UPS. . .) it reach around 10MW.

This amount of energy cost per month around 1500$, only one

server. If we focus on the datacentre, it is estimated [1] that in 2006

all the 6000 Datacentres in USA spend 61 billion kW/h (1.5% of total

U.S electricity consumption that year) which cost around $4.5

Billion in electricity cost. This was costs equivalent to 5.8 million

average U.S. households. Actually is not only money, we can see in

this info graphic the cost of one or all monthly Google searches in

terms of kW/h and CO2 carbon footprint. The total carbon footprint

of ICT is 2% of total in the world, the same than aviation.

WHY GREEN COMPUTING? The money and the environment were the main reasons to create Green Computing. In the latest

decades, facts such as global warming, ozone layer destruction or energy wasting are (or should

be) in the news and in our mind. But when the money comes into play is when the people start to

think and research in saving money and natural resources. The following data help us to

understand how important the meaning of Green Computing nowadays is.

Implementation of Green Computing In datacentre The huge global electricity use of the datacentres was growing during the years. This growing was

faster than the earning or clients of each company, so eventually this would turn into financial loss.

50% of electricity consumption belong to site infrastructure. Then the volume servers are around

30% and the remainder is shared between network equipment, storage, high-end servers and mid-

range servers. Another problem is that in some USA regions such as Manhattan are physical

limitations on power availability to make another datacentre. Big companies want to have their

datacentres in the best possible location to have a better QoS (Quality of Service). To solve these

problems, companies such as Google built datacentres outside USA , for example in Finland or

Belgium. Googles Hamina Datacentre is well known in Green computing world because its special

energy sources and cooling system. This datacentre take some of the energy with wind turbines.

Also is designed as we see in Figure 3. The datacentre take water from the Gulf of Finland, then

with sea water pumps it pumps water in cooling modules which chill inside the datacentre

(datacentre workload). This kind of technologies are constantly developed to get a better

performance of the datacentre.

In a computer system The computer system spend huge amounts of energy. Traditional designs focus primarily on

system performance but did not think in the power consumption.

There are two main Green Computing ways: Cloud Computing and Grid Computing.

Cloud Computing: thanks to the Internet we can spend someone elses power doing the

computation in the Cloud and giving the result in mobile devices, which consume less power. The

most recent study in this filed set that Cloud Computing can save up to 87% of IT energy.

Grid Computing: we can save energy distributing effectively compute-intensive parallel

applications on grid. Controlling the computer system another solution is to take a better control

of the system. The main goal is to consume the minimum amount of energy required to perform

any task [6]. There are plenty ways to do it, the following is a list with some solutions:

Virtualization: using virtualized environments we can save energy because the resources are

better used. We can virtualize in many layers, and solutions such as LiteGreen helps to save around

70% of energy compared to manual power management.

Power Management: doing this with technologies such as ACPI we can do an optimal energy use.

We have to take in account that the system must be prepared for the changing demand. Another

energy-aware solution is power off or sleeps idle servers. To have enough technology to do and

control these guarantee do not waste energy.

In Hardware In Hardware field we have the following problems. The systems (that is, the hardware and

software) are made to give the best performance. Also sometimes one CPU is too much to do a

small task, so when we have a CPU to do small tasks we are wasting resources. Finally the fact that

each PC is made from 1.8 tonnes of chemicals is not a good fact for the environment. To solve last

problem, manufacturers are fighting for creating the most earth friendly computers with recycled

components, materials and trying to extend the expected life-cycle of the Hardware. With sensor

networks and embedded systems we can deal with small task in a Green Computing way. Finally

improving the hardware circuits, and with technologies such as power efficient CPU cores (turbo

boost), memory bank partitioning or SSD hard drives we can have an efficient energy consumption.

In Software In Software field the main problem is that algorithms do not care about energy consumption. This

is related with one of the main problems in Green Computing: long time ago the researchers and

manufacturers did not care about the energy, only they tried to give the best performance. Also

we have few energy-aware software technologies. To solve these problems, we bet for energy

efficient coding (The Evolution of Application Software) and of course we have to try optimizing

software such as Database Management Systems, Operating Systems and applications to do the

same output with a balance between time consumption and energy consumption.

CONCLUSION Whilst the performance and the breadth of application of computers is increasing, so too is our awareness of

the cost and scarcity of the energy required to power them, as well as the materials needed to make them in

the first place. However, because computing developments can enable individuals and businesses to adopt

greener lifestyles and work styles, in terms of the environmental debate computing is definitely both part of

the problem and part of the solution.

Through more environmentally aware usage (such as more effective power management and shut-down

during periods of inactivity), and by adopting current lower power technologies, computers can already be

made significantly more energy efficient. Indeed, just as we now look back and wonder why automobiles a

decade or two ago used to guzzle so much petrol, in a decade's time we will no doubt be staggered that a

typical desktop PC used to happily sit around drawing 100-200W of power every hour night and day, and when

accomplishing no more than displaying a screensaver.

The computing industry is more prepared and far more competent than almost any other industry when it

comes to facing and responding to rapid change. Environmentally it is not a good thing that most PCs --

especially in companies -- have typically entered a landfill after only a few years in service. However, this

reality does at least mean that a widespread mind set already exist for both adapting to and paying money for

new computer hardware on a regular basis. Hence, whereas it took decades to get more energy efficient cars

on the roads, it will hopefully only take a matter of years to reach a state of affairs where most computers are

using far less power than they needlessly waste today.

Reference Wikipedia Introduction to Cloud Computing by Pablo Hinojosa Nava,

University of Antwerp www.explainingcomputers.com/green.html