green chemistry: introduction and applications
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Green Chemistry: Introduction and Applications. Rich Engler Program Manager Green Chemistry Program Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics US Environmental Protection Agency [email protected]. History of Environmental Protection. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Green Chemistry: Introduction and
Applications
Rich EnglerProgram Manager
Green Chemistry ProgramOffice of Pollution Prevention and Toxics
US Environmental Protection Agency
History of Environmental Protection
For decades environmental protection has meant controlling exposure to hazardous substances
Risk = (Hazard, Exposure)
The Past: Managing Risk
Historical focus
Persistence (slide from Paul T. Anastas)
2007, CBS News
Wal-Mart Recalls Lead-
Laced Baby Bibs
2010, Ottawa CitizenBisphenol A Found in Unlikely
Place: Cash Receipts
2008, US News Your Shower Curtain Might Be Bad for You
2008, ABCNews
Parents Concerned Over
Potentially Toxic Baby
Bottles
2010, Bloomberg NewsWegmans stops selling reusable bags after lead tests
2010, ScienceFormaldehyde in Clothing: Nothing to Sneeze At
2007, NY Times
China Investigates Tainted
Toothpaste2010, ABC Health & Well Being
Not so sweet: Chemicals in
Fragrances
2010, TelegraphSwimming pool disinfectants linked to cancer
2010, NY TimesHydrocarbons in Cereal Stoke New Debate Over Food Safety
2010, St. Petersburg Times
Study: Lead found in children's drinks
and fruit products
2010, Salon.com
The poison crib: When
protective chemicals harm
2010, NY Times
McDonald’s to Recall
Glasses, Citing Cadmium
2010, The Sun Chronicle
Toxic Beauty
2010, Maine Public Broadcasting NetworkReport: Cosmetic Products Contain High Levels of Toxic Chemicals
2010
, The
Age
Fear
s ov
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een
2010, Ta
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ay O
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Som
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kin
-ligh
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ark
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2010, The Environment Report
HEAVY METAL IN TOY JEWELRY
2009, Science News
Toxic playgrounds
2009, The Daily GreenStudy: Halloween Face Paint Laced with Lead
2009, NPRToxic Chinese Drywall Creates A Housing Disaster
2009, USA Today
Plastic chemical linked
aggression in toddler girls
2009, BBC NewsDeet bug repellent 'toxic worry'
2009, CNN Money
Mattel fined $2.3
million over lead in
toys
2009, The Charleston GazetteStudy finds food-wrapper chemicals in blood
Environmental Regulations
AMFAARPAA
AJAASBCAA
ESAA-AECAFFRAA
FEAPRAIRA
NWPAACODRA/NMSPAA
FCRPAMMPAA
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 19601970 19801990 2000
EPACTFFCACERFACRAA
PPAPPVAIEREAANTPAGLCPAABACZARAWRDAEDPOPARECACAAAGCRAGLFWRAHMTUSANEEA
SDWAASARA
BLRAERDDAAEAWANOPPAPTSAUMTRCAESAAQGANCPA
TSCAFLPMARCRANFMACZMAA
NEPAEQIACAAEPAEEAOSHAFAWRAANPAA
FRRRPASOWADPA
WSRAEARCFHSA
AQA
NAWCA
WQA
NWPA
MPRSAAARPA
HMTA
FCMHSA
NHPA
WLDAFWCAA
FWAAEA
AEPA FIFRA PAA
FAWRAMBCANPSWA
IANBRA
AARHAYA
TAFWCA
BPA
NLRAWPA
AQAFOIA
WRPAAFCA
FHSANFMUA
BLBAFWPCAMPRSA
CZMANCA
FEPCAPWSAMMPA
ESATAPA
RCRAAWLDI
APASWDA
CERCLACZMIA
COWLDAFWLCA
MPRSAACAAACWA
SMCRASWRCASDWAA
Nu
mb
er
of
Law
s
Control Technologies
• Gloves• Respirators• Self-contained breathing apparatus• “Moon suits”• Stack scrubbers• Waste water treatment
• Must use control technologies to protect humans and the environment
• Control technologies are expensive
• Protecting humans and the environment is expensive
Control Technologies
Pollution Prevention Act:Risk Management Hierarchy
PollutionPrevention
SourceReduction
Recycling
Disposal
Treatment
Risk = (Hazard, Exposure)
Managing Risk
Source reduction focus
Green Chemistry – Definition
Green Chemistry is the design of chemical products or processes to reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances.
Green Chemistry Overview
• Greener synthetic pathways• Greener solvents/reaction
conditions• Designing greener chemicals• Inherently safer chemistry• Process analytical chemistry
Green = Good Chemistry
Green chemistry is just good chemistry.
Why do we need to call it “green”?
Chemists routinely accept hazard that is unacceptable outside the lab.
Why Use Hazardous Chemicals?
• Necessary to perform function• Don’t know the hazard• Can handle the hazard• Speed/Work well• That’s the way we’ve always done it
Why Green Chemistry?
• Reduce costs• Raw materials, energy, EH&S, disposal,
reporting• Reduced need for capital
investment• Reduce time to market• Encourage investors• Minimize unknown future liability
Chemicals in Products Can Pose Big Risk to Companies
Source: GreenBiz.com
WASHINGTON, April 6, 2007 -- In the wake of costly litigation, product sales bans, and reputational damage arising from asbestos, toxic materials in cosmetics and toys, and Teflon-related chemicals, U.S. investors are becoming increasingly wary of toxic chemical risks - in products, in supply chains, and in their own portfolios.
“Green Really Means Business”
Source: Newsweek
September 23, 2008 — “…Environmental concerns have…emerged as a dominant driver of global corporations, marrying an old impulse to be good stewards of the planet with an equally ancient desire to make money. That marriage may well eradicate the quaint distinction between profit motive and public good, opening up a brand-new world of business practices and investment opportunities.”
Business?
Principles of Green Chemistry
• Prevent waste• Maximize atom economy• Design less hazardous syntheses • Design safer chemical products• Use safer solvents and reaction
conditions• Increase energy efficiency
Principles of Green Chemistry
• Use renewable feedstocks• Avoid chemical derivatization• Use catalysts, not stoichiometric
reagents• Design chemical products to
degrade after use• Analyze in real time to prevent
pollution• Minimize the potential for
accidents
Green Chemistry Design Framework (Slide from
Paul T. Anastas)
Across the life-cycle
Waste Prevention
Atom Economy
Design ForDegradation
Less HazardousReagents
Renewable Feedstocks
Design for Safety and Security
Green AnalyticalMethods
Benign Solvent Systems
Use of Catalysis
Benign Product Design
Unnecessary Derivatives
Energy Considerations
OriginsOf Materials Manufacturing Distribution Use End of Life
Green Chemistry across Industrial Sectors (Slide from Paul T. Anastas)
• Defense and aerospace• Adhesives, coatings, corrosion inhibitors
• Automotive• Solvents, polymers, fuels
• Household cleaners• Surfactants, fragrances, dyes
• Cosmetics• Builders, chelating agents, dyes
• Agriculture• Pesticides, fungicides, fertilizers
• Electronics• Solder, housings, displays
• Pharmaceuticals• Solvents, reagents
Avoid using solvents, separation agents, or other auxiliary
chemicals. If these chemicals are necessary, use innocuous
chemicals.
Use Safer Solvents/Reaction Conditions
• CargillDow LLC (now NatureWorks LLC)
Lactic acid LactidePoly(lactic acid)
CargillDow, LLC
2002 Greener Solvents Award
OO
O
**n
OH
OH
O
O
O
O
O
Increase Energy Efficiency
• Traditional urethane paint• Highly toxic diisocyanates; VOC
emissions• Requires high-temperature cure
• BASF primer• No diisocyanate; low VOC• Rapid cure with hand-held UV lamp
2005 Greener Solvents Award
Analyze in Real Time to Prevent Pollution
• Nalco
Nalco Corp
Corrosion inhibitor
biocide
Scale control
Cooling water
2008 Greener Reaction Conditions Award
Manufactured Wood Adhesive
• Professor Li, OSU/Columbia Forest Products/Hercules (now Ashland)
• Formaldehyde-free manufactured wood adhesive
• Adhesive modeled on mussel adhesive protein
• Plywood, MDF, particle board
Pfizer: sertraline (Zoloft)
NH
Cl
Cl
NH2
+
Cl
Cl
NH
Cl
Cl
N
Cl
Cl
O
Cl
Cl
D-mandelatetetralone
HCl/EtOAc1. D-mandelic acid EtOH2. MeOH rex
MeHN2/EtOH H2, PdC/CaCO3
EtOH
imine sertraline
TiCl4/MeHN2
Toluene/hexanesor THF
H2, Pd/CTHF
mult. rex HCl/EtOAc
(Pfizer, Inc.)
Who is Going Green?
• Dow• DuPont• BASF• Bayer• Rohm & Haas *• Eastman• Nalco• Engelhard*• PPG• Cargill• ADM• SC Johnson• P & G
• Pfizer• Merck• Eli Lilly• Roche• Bristol-Myers Squibb
Green Chemistry
• A philosophy, not a discipline.• Not a solution to all
environmental problems.• The most fundamental
approach to preventing pollution.
• Pays off!
For further informationhttp://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/pubs/pgcc/industry_sector.html#pharmaceuticalshttp://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/pubs/pgcc/industry_sector.html#pulphttp://www.epa.gov/greenchemistry/pubs/pgcc/industry_sector.html#buildings
EPA-Design for the Environment:http://www.epa.gov/dfe/
ACS-Green Chemistry Institute: http://portal.acs.org/portal/acs/corg/content?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=PP_TRANSITIONMAIN&node_id=830&use_sec=false&sec_url_var=region1&__
uuid=58351cd2-100d-45cd-9652-f51d3a4994b0 (numerous webinars)
NSF Standard for Greener Products and Processes:http://www.nsf.org/business/sustainability/product_greener_chemicals.asp
? program=SustainabilityClean Production Action and GreenScreen for Safer Chemicals:
http://www.cleanproduction.org/Greenscreen.php Paul T. Anastas, Yale University:
http://www.chem.yale.edu/faculty/anastas.htmlJohn Warner: http://www.warnerbabcock.com/
Great Lakes Green Chemistry Network: www.glgc.org (numerous webinars)
Questions
Cognizant of GHS implementation in the region, what are the best paths forward?
• Focus upon sectoral activities such as pharmaceuticals, automotive, pulp and paper products, commercial institutional sectors, etc.?
• Present best practices by major stakeholders?• Explore “drivers” along the supply chain?• Clarify the terms of the Green Chemistry Standard (NSF/GCI-
355), its relationship with GHS?• Present main actors in Green Chemistry (governmental
agencies, academia, industry, non-governmental organizations) and their information sharing process?
• What would be the best format for such follow-up activities?• How could the USG/U.S. Department of Commerce continue to
be of assistance on GC, and inclusive of the ACCSQ?