Green Chemicals from Our OceansCombat bacteria in a new way

Marilyn Bruno, Ph.D., J.D., CEO www.aequorinc.com

BIOFILM

• Forms everywhere, quickly• E.g. on a titanium plate within 30 seconds after

sterilization. • Impenetrable, protecting underlying bacteria

• Chemicals in biofilm’s top layers neutralize even the strongest biocides

• Disperses• Becomes airborne/waterborne (e.g. Legionella)

Diagram of how biofilm builds in stages: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofilm

We’re Losing the War on Bacteria

BIOFILM PROTECTS BACTERIA FROM•Physical remedies – scraping, sterilization, heat•Biocides (germicides, antimicrobials, antiseptics) •Human immune system•Antibiotics

OVERUSE OF INEFFECTIVE REMEDIES:•Toxic load on ecosystems•Trigger bacterial resistance – e.g. MRSA

Biofilm Impacts on IndustryMicrofouling - contamination, corrosion, scale, slime• Increases costs, reduces yields

• Clogs RO filters used in desalination, water treatment• Reduces life of capital equipment• Contaminates inert, nano, organic surfaces• Reduces algae cultivation yields: bioreactors and open pond• Reduces outputs of solar panels, wind turbines, etc.

Macrofouling – increases fuel consumption, emissions• Attachment of barnacles, mussels, algae

– Water intake pipes for all power plant cooling towers– Hulls of all the ships at sea– Underwater structures, pipelines, equipment

• Loss of profits for emerging industries – Aquaculture: nets clogged so badly, fish need antibiotics

Biofilm Impacts on Healthcare

• All surfaces contaminated – from bedrails to devices• CDC associates biofilm with

– 80% of all chronic bacterial infections– 14% Intensive Care Unit deaths – 90% Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs)– EVERY bacteria on the lists of

• Pandemic threats (cholera, pneumonia, Listeria, E.coli, Salmonella, T.B., flu, Legionella, meningitis, plague, etc.)

• Bioterrorism (anthrax, botulism)• Drug-resistance (MRSA, MDR-TB)

• BIOFILM is now a global security issue

Biofilm in Space• More virulent than on Earth

– Because of extreme temperatures, radiation, vacuum• Fouls equipment

– Satellite optical sensors – so thick, it is skewing readings– Probes

• Impacts astronaut health– Contaminates all systems: water, air, food

• Toxic biocides– don’t work– can’t be safely disposed of

• NASA calls biofilm the #1 impediment to long duration manned space travel

Aequor’s Discoveries

• Discovered Platform: novel marine organisms• Novel chemical entities• Primary molecule

• FROM THE SEA– Founder Cynthia Burzell hypothesized that all

surfaces would be fouled unless some natural mechanism inhibited the attachment of foulers

Primary Molecule Validation • Removes 99.99% existing biofilms - Lonza: “Nothing else known can do this at non-lethal

doses”• Inhibits biofilm formation > 95% at 48

hours

• Inhibits attachment of marine foulers >92%• Is non-toxic, per Ames test, brine shrimp

larvae assay

Staphylococcus aureus untreated forms thick biofilm

S.Aureus with Aequor semi-purified lead compound

COMPARE WITH S.aureus withPenicillin at 1,000 x dose tolerated by humans

Value Proposition

FOR CUSTOMERS : “Greening” their bottom line•Replace toxic biocides; “bio-boost” performance of current remedies at lower concentrations•Save time, manpower and money – and livesFOR CLEANTECH: Antifouling reduces drag• Lower fuel, gas emissions by 50%; downtime

• Raise yields • Increase profitability, life of capital equipment

Company Traction• Portfolio of novel chemicals• IP estate managed by K&L Gates• Team Aequor

Cynthia Burzell, Ph.D. Microbiology – Founder, PresidentTechAmerica’s Researcher of the Year

Marilyn Bruno, Ph.D., J.D., CEO35+ years in business. Woman

Entrepreneur of the Year

Jozsef Gulyas, Ph.D. – world expert - chemical synthesis

+ 12 seasoned Advisors, including Toshiyasu Nagae – Industry specialist

Former President, Union Carbide/Dow – Japan

• Awards

WHY AEQUOR? WHY NOW?Validations Product – Unique, disruptive, superior to competition Pain Market Size Customers Go-to-Market Plan Business model, Pricing Company traction

Triple Bottom Line: Profit, People, Planet

mbruno@aequorinc.com www.aequorinc.com