green building at 33rd and chestnut group 23: andrew good brad ryals bill curranandrew hale advisor:...
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Green Building at 33rd and Chestnut
Group 23:
Andrew Good Brad Ryals
Bill Curran Andrew Hale
Advisor: Professor Lou DaSaro
Background
-Drexel University
-Need for Integrated Sciences Building
-Designed and operated with an environmentally conscious approach
-Preliminary architectural layout
-Commitment to increased energy efficiency and development of a sustainable environment
Problem Statement
1. Understand architectural, spatial, and occupational requirements of Drexel’s Integrated Sciences Building.
2. Generate engineered designs for all major building systems in a fashion consistent with Drexel’s green desires.
LEED Checklist
-Means of quantifying achievement of green and sustainable goals: LEED Accreditation-Project Goal: Silver Status
Summary of LEED point goals
Site Background
-Location: -NE Corner of S.33rd & Chestnut St.
Philadelphia, PA-Area of lot: 1.03 acres-Current Conditions:
-Parking lot -Sidewalk-Grass
Site Background
-Sociologic-College campus
-Demographic - Mostly 18-24 year
olds-Geologic
-Schist-Topographic:
-Elevations +47 to +42 -Economic
-Parking revenue
Site Background
-Storm water runoff-Minimize increase
-Utilities: -Relocation required
-Subsurface Obstructions: -Septa R.O.W -Korman Center Basement
External Criteria
Uncontrollable factors innate to site placement
-Location of Philadelphia
-Immediate external constraints due to:
-Geographic region
-City requirements
-Site conditions
External Criteria
-Average yearly rainfall: Philadelphia, Pa
-2007 World Book Encyclopedia
- 44 to 48 inches
External Criteria
-Seismic-IBC 2006:
-Spectral response acceleration for short period (0.2sec)
-Ss=0.35-Spectral response acceleration for 1 sec period
-S1=0.08
Values will be used with site coefficient values to calculate design spectral response acceleration.
External Criteria
-Climate zone 4A
ZONE NUMBER
THERMAL CRITERIA
IP Units SI Units
1 9000 < CDD50°F 5000 < CDD10°C
2 6300 < CDD50°F ≤ 9000 3500 < CDD10°C ≤ 5000
3A and 3B 4500 < CDD50°F ≤ 6300 AND HDD65°F ≤ 5400
2500 < CDD10°C ≤ 3500 AND HDD18°C ≤ 3000
4A and 4B CDD50°F ≤ 4500 AND HDD65°F ≤ 5400
CDD10°C ≤ 2500 AND HDD18°C ≤ 3000
3C HDD65°F ≤ 3600 HDD18°C ≤ 2000
4C 3600 < HDD65°F ≤ 5400 2000 < HDD18°C ≤ 3000
5 5400 < HDD65°F ≤ 7200 3000 < HDD18°C ≤ 4000
6 7200 < HDD65°F ≤ 9000 4000 < HDD18°C ≤ 5000
7 9000 < HDD65°F ≤ 12600 5000 < HDD18°C ≤ 7000 8 12600 < HDD65°F 7000 < HDD18 °C
IECC 2006 TABLE 301.3(2) INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE ZONE DEFINITIONS
External Criteria
-City Requirements:
-Philadelphia Building Code 2007
-International Building Code 2006
-International Fire Code 2006
-International Mechanical Code 2006
-International Energy Conservation Code 2006
-ICC Electrical Code
External Criteria
-Geotechnical investigation:
-Bedrock at 34’
-GWT at 14’-17’
-Composition: fill, silty sand, schist bedrock
Project-Specific Criteria
Constraints established by the client
Client: Drexel University
-Spatial requirements
-Improved energy efficiency
-Model of green building technology
-Architecture consistent with campus
-Minimal cost
Project-Specific Criteria
Spatial Requirements:
-20,500 SF Office space
-11,200 SF Classrooms
-50,000 SF Laboratory space
Project-Specific Criteria
Modified footprint:
-25,000 SF Office space
-12,000 SF Classrooms
-48,000 SF Laboratory Space
Project-Specific Criteria
Original Footprint Adjusted Footprint
Improve energy efficiency:-Atrium requires gross excess of conditioned air.
Project-Specific Criteria
Model of green building technology:
-Incorporate green building techniques
-Utilize LEED certification system to quantify the degree of sustainability
Project-Specific Criteria
Architecture consistent with new buildings:
Law Building Race Street Dorm Bossone Center
Project-Specific Criteria
Minimal cost:
-Value engineered design within budget
-Justify increased initial cost with decreased operating costs
Initial Design Concepts
Major systems:
-Site
-Structural
-Mechanical
-Electrical
-Plumbing
Must satisfy external and project-specific criteria as efficiently as possible.
Initial Site Design
Introduction: Site design determines impervious areas, placement of walkways, and the extent of landscaping.
Initial Site Design
System requirements:
-Adequately handle storm-water
- 100 yr 24 hour rainfall ≈ 7”
-Facilitate efficient pedestrian circulation
- Estimated 1,300 pedestrians / hr
-Utilize site area and provide welcoming appearance
Initial Site Design
System Alternatives:
-Porous concrete walkways
Pros: Level walkway, aesthetic
Cons: Increased heat island effect
-Pervious Concrete
Pros: Promotes vegetation
Cons: Requires maintenance
Initial Site Design
System Alternatives:
-Green roof
Pros: Direct use of water collected
Cons: Maintenance costs
-Rainwater Harvesting
Pros: Low cost, recycles water
Cons: Not aesthetically pleasing
Initial Structural Design
Introduction: Structural design determines how loads exerted on the building will be directed to the foundation system.
Initial Structural Design
System requirements:-Provide adequate resistance to loads.
-Live loads (IBC 2006): 100psf-corridors on 1st floor, 80psf- 2nd floor corridors and above, 40psf-classrooms-Dead loads: 70psf-roof, 95psf-floors-Wind loads: -12.7psf sidewalls, 14.5psf windward, -9psf leeward-Seismic loads: 50psf exerted on veneer
-Must not disrupt serviceability.-L/360 deflection
Initial Structural Design
System alternatives:-Framed structural system
Pros: Quick constructionCons: Expensive
-Load bearing structural systemPros: Simple designCons: Limited span length
Framed structure > Load bearing structure
Initial Structural Design
System alternatives:
-Concrete Frame
Pros: Regional, recycled material
Cons: Progress susceptible to weather
-Steel Frame
Pros: High strength to weight ratio
Cons: Long lead time
Initial Mechanical Design
-Introduction: Mechanical design determines the type and sizing of heating and cooling equipment.
-Outdoor design temperatures:
Winter: 0 F
Summer: 95 F
-Indoor design temperatures:
Winter: maximum of 72 F
Summer: minimum of 75 F
Initial Mechanical Design
System Requirements:
-Sensible/Latent loads-People: 0.6 MBtu/h -Lights/Equipment: 2.4 MBtu/h
-Ventilation: 27,000 CFM
Based on ASHRAE approximations
Initial Mechanical Design
System Alternatives:-Geothermal Heat Pump
Pros: Uses groundwater for heat exchange Cons: Additional excavation
-VAV systemPros: Variability of flow to spacesCons: High energy to provide cooling
Initial Electrical Design
Introduction: The electrical system needs to be able to power the building’s lighting and equipment (Lab, HVAC, and Office)
Initial Electrical Design
System Requirements:
-Electrical Lighting Demand
-Classrooms 1.2 W/sf
-Offices 1.0 W/sf
-Electrical Equipment Demand
-Offices 0.81 W/sf
IECC 2006 & ASHRAE Fundamentals
Initial Electrical Design
System Alternatives:
-Solar power
Pros: Lower demand charges
Cons: Variable supply
-Wind power
Pros: Reduce dependence on non-renewable energy
Cons: Not aesthetically pleasing
Initial Plumbing Design
Introduction: The plumbing system distributes potable water to the building fixtures and also is responsible for removing wastewater.
Initial Plumbing Design
System Requirements:
Estimated Minimum Plumbing Facilities
-Toilets: 30 (Max 1.6 gpf)
-Lavatories: 30
-Lab Sinks: 60
IBC 2006 & from GRCH, Inc. Lab study
Initial Plumbing Design
System Alternatives:-Grey water system
Pros: Effective water resource management.Cons: Additional piping required.
-Conventional sanitary systemPros: Standard procedure - zero learning curve.Cons: Increases strain on regional sanitary sewer system.
ReferencesRace Street Dorm Pic:http://www.drexel.edu/depts/pdc/pages/projects.aspLaw Building Pictures:http://www.drexel.edu/law/law-building.aspBossone Building Pictures:http://www.drexel.edu/univrel/events/bossone.aspLEED Logo:http://danielsandhouse.com/images/LEED_logo.gifCut cost:https://www.storesonlinepro.com/files/1701548/uploaded/cut%20costs.jpgElectric:http://www.hse.gov.uk/workplacetransport/images/warning-electricity-2.gifPlumbing:http://discussion.autodesk.com/servlet/JiveServlet/download/188-544838-5548548-150193/plumbing_system.pngPlumbing Aerial Site photo:http://maps.google.com/maps?ie=UTF-8&tab=wlGeologic map: http://www.sas.upenn.edu/earth/new.htmlTopographic map:http://www.drexel.edu/depts/pdc/pages/topographic.aspPrecipitation map:http://www.worldbook.com/wb/Students?content_spotlight/climates/north_american_climate_pennsylvania
Acknowledgments
We would like to thank the following individuals for their contributions and guidance this term:
Professor DaSaro
Professor Mitchell
Dr. Martin
Mr. Warren Waldorf