green banking framework (2013)
TRANSCRIPT
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An IDRBT Publication, August 2013. All Rights Reserved. For restricted circulation in the Indian Banking Sector.
Foreword.................................................................................................................... 01
Message fromIBA....................................................................................................... 02
Message fromExecutive Director................................................................................. 03
Preface....................................................................................................................... 04
Green Banking: An Overview.......................................................................................
Greening Banking Processes, Products,Services and Strategies....................................
Greening Banking Infrastructure................................................................................. 09
Case Studies in IndianBanks........................................................................................ 16
Fostering Green Banking............................................................................................. 18
Glossary...................................................................................................................... 19
05
07
References................................................................................................................... 20
Contents
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GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR1
FOREWORD
Sustainable development and preservation of
environment are now recognised globally as
overriding imperativesto protect our planet fromthe
ravages inflicted on it by mankind. Various global
initiatives are underway to counter the ill effects of
development that we encounter today such as global
warming and climate change. A common thread
running across all these initiatives is the focus on
reducingthedemand for fossil fuels by implementing
the3R'sviz.Reduce,ReuseandRecycle.
Banks and financial institutions can play a major and
decisive role in these global efforts to make our
planet a better place to live in. As providers of
finance, banks can ensure that businesses adopt
environment-friendly practices. Incentives by way of
offering cheaper funds for adopting green
technologies will have a long term beneficial impact
on the environment. As major implementers of
technology, banks themselves can adopt green
practices and thereby lead the way in this global
initiative. Also, product innovation and leveraging on
the use of technology enable banks and their
customers today to reduce the usage of resources
such as paper, thereby aiding in environmentalprotection.
This book is a commendable initiative to propagate
the idea of green banking. It explains in a very lucid
stylethe various possibilities that exist in the banking
arena to increase energy efficiency and reduce the
usage of natural resources. The book dwells on
environment-friendly practices that banks can adopt
with respect to itsIT infrastructure as also helpful tips
towards green products and services. The case
studies offer insight into what banks can potentially
achieve by being environmentally proactive. It is
hoped that the ideas offered in this book will act as a
catalyst to banks and financial institutions to further
intensify their efforts at reducing energy usage and
thereby contribute their bit to the ongoing global
effortsat ensuring sustainable development.
Anand Sinha,
Deputy Governor, RBI,
Chairman, IDRBT
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MESSAGE FROM IBA
GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
We are all aware that increased carbon emissions and
reckless development without paying attention to
environment, led to climate change. Many research
studies have pointed out direct corelation with climate
change and occurrences of natural disasters. It is believed
that natural disasters areboundto increase in future, if we
neglect the environment. According to the UN disaster
risk reduction agency UNISDR, natural disasters such as
the huge earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan
caused record $366 billion damage in 2011. Apart from
the loss of precious lives and properties, the cost of
reconstruction is also enormous. We cannot ignore these
warningsand allof us haveto act together tominimisethe
adverse impact on environment arising out of increased
pollution.
All over the world, banks and financial institutions are
concerned about the overall impact of depletion of
environment. General frameworks describing corporate
climate strategies are difficult to transfer to the banking
sector. Such frameworks usually focus on basic industries,
examining the dependency of companies on fossil fuels
and exploring the effects of extreme weather events and
regulation on corporations. However, banks are not
generally exposed to weather stresses nor are they
heavily dependent on fossil fuels in their operations.
Indeed, the main impact of climate change on banks is
indirect: they are affected to the extent that their clients'
activities and economic activities in general are
constrained.
The key issue for banks will be assessing the impact of
climate change on the asset quality of lending and
investment portfolios. This will influence financing and
investment policies as well as portfolio management.
This will help them to develop a business model which is
sustainable and adaptable to their environment policies.
While many banks understand the significance of
emission reduction, only very few have comprehensively
integrated climate change-related aspects into their
business processes. Besides this, internally, in their day-
to-day operations also banks are devising strategies to
make their systems and processes environment-friendly.
Green Banking is comparatively a newdevelopmentin the
financial world. It is a form of banking taking into account
the social and environmental impacts and its main motive
is to protectand preserveenvironment.
Foreign banks are practising green banking on a muchserious note. Some of theforeignbanks have introduced a
formal Environmental and Social (E&S) risk policy to
govern lending activities way back in 1997. They are also
signatoryto theEquator Principles (EP), andmoved ahead
in building on bank's work to measure social and
economic impact of lending, reduce annual paper
consumption of full-time employees and continue to
reduce energy and water consumption, etc.
The Indian banks are still taking baby steps into this form
of banking. Still, many of them are keen to actively pursue
this strategy. In this context,this report prepared by IDRBT
is quite significant.The report provides guidelines in areas
such as i) Greening Processes, Products, Services, and
Strategies ii) Greening Infrastructure. The report touches
onvariousbutsimplemethodswhichcouldbeadoptedby
any bank for its building, data centre, internal processes,
educating customers on technology based transactions,
saving energy, etc. Some case studies are given in the
report for adoption by other banks. I congratulate
Mr. Sambamurthy and other members of the working
group for this initiative and I am sure, this will be
beneficial to all the banking and financial institutions in
theirendeavourto protectthe environment.
K Ramakrishnan,
Chief Executive,
Indian Banks' Association
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Message fromExecutive Director
GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
I read with great interest the document "GREEN
BANKING", prepared by your team members under
the active guidance of Dr. Gangadharan. It is a very
important and timely document as one of the
challenges faced by the countries world over astechnology took over our lives was the impact of
technology on environment.
As Indian financial sector moves to the next stage of
technology adoption, it is imperative that "green
banking" as the team calls it, is adopted by every
responsible financial institution. The framework put
forth is quite exhaustive. Apt case studies included
surelyenhancesthevalueofthedocument.
I understand Dr. Gangadharan has also co-edited atext book on Green IT that has been adopted by
reputed educational institutions like IIM, Kolkata and
NIT, Surathkal. Such efforts enhance the reputation
of IDRBT which has been taken to a higher pedestal
with greater visibility.
G. Padmanabhan,Executive Director,
Reserve Bank of India
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PREFACE
GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
Mathis Wackernagel and his colleagues measured the
ecological footprint of humanity and compared it to the
carrying capacity of the planet. They concluded that use
by human resources has already overshot the planets
carrying capacity by 20% already. (Limits to Growth by
DonellaMeadowsandothers)
The case for sustainable growth is established beyond
doubt. Reckless and unimaginative growth is endangering
the planet and the adverse consequences are manifest in
global warming, climate change, fickle weather, floods,
droughts, pollution, high green house gas emissions, etc.
While still there is no consensus among the countries on
sharing the burden of ecological footprint, most of the
countries have been taking aggressive measures to tackle
global warming and climate change.
Banks also contribute to ecological footprint directly and
indirectly through investment/lending in their customer
enterprises. As such they need to play a key role in
optimizing /reducing the carbon footprint. It is said that
whatisnotmeasured,isnotmanaged.
Green Grid, a nonprofit organization which isspearheading green initiatives has come out with
recommended metrics to measure the effectiveness of
green initiatives in information technology and data
centers.Some of theimportantmetrics are:
Power Usage Effectiveness(PUE)
Data Centre Infrastructure Efficiency (DCIE)
Carbon Usage Effectiveness (CUE)
Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE)Data Centre Productivity (DCP)
Consumption/useof physicaland financial capital are well
accounted for and these standards are universally
adopted. But accounting for consumption and use of
NATURE CAPITAL lags far behind andneeds to be adopted.
This would bring about better accountability and adds to
maturity and sophistication of market for NATURE
CAPITAL.
ElectronicDisposalEfficiency (EDE)
B. Sambamurthy,
Director, IDRBT
While procuring hardware, banks may factor in
environmental attributes through deployment of
Electronic Product Environmental Assessment Tool
(EPEAT). Banks shall encourage and deploy renewable
energy like solar, wind power. Use of thin/zero clients and
virtualizationhelpsin energy efficiency.
Banks may designate CHIEF GREEN OFFICER to champion
the cause and drivethese initiativesacross the enterprise.
Boards of banks shall lay down specific policies andtargeted levels for each of the measures and monitor
themon annual/semiannual basis.
These measures need not be confined to IT space but can
be implemented in other areas and we can even mandate
clients in service and manufacturing enterprises.
We are not putting numbers, but banks themselves may
measure where they are and track trends in improvement
and ultimately reach global benchmarks. It is a journey
but brooks no delay to start with. Achieving carbon
neutral state shall be the goal. At the end of the day, beingfrugal, doing more with less is basic commonsense.
LetusgiveanewandaddedpushtoGreenBanking.
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GREEN BANKING:AN OVERVIEW
Chapter 1
5GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
INTRODUCTION
The disastrous impact of recent storms, floods, droughts,
and excessive heat that many people have experienced
around the world, motivate us to think seriously about
global warming and its impact and to do whatever we can
to address this problem. Governments, enterprises, and
people, all have roles to play in combating global warming
and building a sustainable environment. A good thing is
that there is now greater awareness and a growing
commitment to address environmental problems we
face. Inaction to arrest environmental degradation would
significantly affect not only current but also future
generations and our further progress. So, a proactive
multipronged action is necessary by all the industry and
business sectors,regulatory agenciesand the individuals.
What can, and should, Banking, Financial Services, and
Insurance (BFSI) sector do in creating a greener and
sustainable environment? What can each person in the
BFSI sector do individually and collectively to address
global warming and create a sustainable environment?
Internationally, there are several initiatives to create a
common protocol to manage environmental concerns.
Among them the United Nations Environment Program
Finance Initiative (UNEP FI) and the Equator Principles
(EPs) arethe twokeyinitiatives.
The United Nations Environment Programme Finance
Initiative (UNEP FI) seeks to encourage better implemen-
tation of sustainability principles at all levels of operations
in financial institutions, namelythroughthe incorporationof environmental, social, and governance factors in risk
analyses. This initiative is a public-private partnership
established between the United Nations Environment
Program (UNEP) and the financial sector. It works closely
with over 200 members including leading banks,
investment funds, and insurance companies to develop
and promote linkages between sustainability and
financial performance.
TheEquator Principles area setof voluntaryguidelines for
the categorization, assessment and management of social
and environmental risks in project financing. The EPs arebased on the International Finance Corporation
Performance Standards on social and environmental
s us ta i na bi li ty a nd o n t he Wo r ld B an k G ro up
Environmental, Health, and Safety (EHS) Guidelines.
Currently, 78 financial institutions in 32 countries have
officially adopted the EPs, covering over 70 percent of
international Project Finance debt in emerging markets.
The EPs have promoted convergence around common
environmental and socialstandards.
In December 2007, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) issued
a circular (RBI 2007-2008/216) highlighting the
importance for banks to act responsibly and contribute to
sustainable development and emphasizing the need for
Indian banks to establish institutional mechanisms to
enshrine sustainability.
Enterprises are now increasingly interested in
establishing and implementing strategies that will help
them to address environmental issues and also pursue
new opportunities. The reasons for going green are
manifold, and the key among them are: increasing energy
consumption and energy prices, growing consumer
interest in environmentally-friendly goods and services,
higher expectations by the public on enterprises'
environmental responsibilities and emerging stricter
regulatory and compliance requirements. Further,
enterprise will increasingly feel the effects of
environmental issues that impact their competitive
landscape in ways not envisaged earlier. For instance,
investors have started discounting the share prices of
companies that poorly address the environmental
problems they create. When making purchasing, leasing
or outsourcing decisions, many customers now take into
consideration the company's environmental records and
initiatives. Investors are increasingly placing their money
on initiatives that are green or that develop and promote
THERELEVANCE OF GREEN BANKING
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green products and services. Government agencies,
investors and the public are demanding more disclosures
from enterprises regarding their carbon footprint and
their environmental initiatives and achievements. As a
result, enterprises with the technology and vision to
p ro v id e p ro d uc ts a n d s e rv i ce s t h at a d dr es s
environmental issues will enjoya competitive edge.
Like any other enterprises, as consumers of natural
resources, banks directly interact with the environment.
For instance, banks contribute towards the carbon
emission directly in their day-to-day operations in terms
of use of paper, electricity, lighting, air conditioning,
electronic equipment and other things, although this is
moderate compared to other carbon sensitive industries
like steel, oil and gas, etc. Banks affect the environmentindirectly by financing intermediaries who are the major
source of long term funding to various industries that
pollute the environmentheavily. Hence, it is imperative to
understand the need for sustainable practices for
banking.
Currently, in India, the concept of green banking is
catching up and banks are actively looking for ways to
portraythemselvesasaGreenBank.
Green Banking is an umbrella term referring to
practices and guidelines that make banks
sustainable in economic, environment, and social
dimensions. It aims to make banking processes
and the use of IT and physical infrastructure as
efficient and effective as possible, with zero orminimal impact on the environment.
Considering the nature of banking processes and
infrastructures, in this report, we offer guidelines
forgreeningbankingintwolevels.
Making day-to-day business
operations, banking products and services
greener by following simple practices and making
them environmentallyfriendly.
M a ki n g I T
infrastructure (including data center) and
physical infrastructure (including buildings)
greener and taking initiatives so that a bank
could itself generate electricity for its own
consumption.
Greening Processes, Products, Services, and
Strategies:
G r e e n in g I n f ra s t ru c t u r e:
Green Banking
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GREENING BANKING
PROCESSES,
PRODUCTS,
SERVICES,
AND STRATEGIES
Chapter 2
7GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
Select vendors by the sustainability rating of their
products,services and operations.
Design and offer banking products and services in
such a way that consume less resources and
energyandtherebyreducecarbonfootprint
Implement effective systems for product end-of-
life management that have minimal impact on the
environment.
Banks are developing new products and services that
respond to consumer demand for sustainable choices.
Following are some of the options that banks should offer
totheircustomers,iftheyarenotofferingalready:
Electronic and telephone banking, facilitating
customers to perform most of their banking needs
anytime, anywhere
Automatic payments reduce the need to write and
send cheques by mail
Electronic (paperless) statements, productinformation, guides and annual reports to
customersand stakeholders
Offering and promoting mutual funds that focus
investmentin 'green'companies
Offering a special l ine of credit to help
homeowners invest in energy-efficiency upgrades
fortheirhome
O f fe r i n g c r ed i t c a rd s c o -b r a nd e d w i t h
environmental charities.
Engage with keystakeholders and create awareness
of environmental issues and their impact on the
economy, the environment, and the society. Also,
explain to them the business and environmental
value and the necessity of greening the bank
processes, products,and services
Sourcingand Procurement
ProductLifeCycle Management
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GREENPRODUCTS AND SERVICES
GREEN BANKING STRATEGIES
A bank is a financial institution and a financial
intermediary that accepts deposits and channels those
deposits into lending activities, either directly or through
capital markets. Banks offer different channels to accesstheir different banking products and services through
ATM, Branch, Mobilebanking, Internetbanking, etc.
There are four major avenues for greening banks
processes, products and services, strategies and other
activities whicharebriefly outlined here.
A Green Bank requires each of its functional units and
activities to be green environmentally friendly and help
to improve environmental sustainability. Several
opportunities are available for banks to green their
functional units andactivities. Key among them are:
Adopt techniques and plans to minimize inventory
andwastedfreight
Adoptnetworked design usinga carbon footprint.
Facilitate paperless transactions
Adopt techniques for workforce and parts
optimization as well as intelligent device
management.
Use electronic means, wherever possible, to
maintain contact with and correspond with
customers and potential customers, and minimise
paper-based correspondences.
GREEN PROCESSES
SupplyChain Management
Enterprise Resource Management
Customer Relationship Management
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Conduct energy audits and review equipments
purchases and disposal policies and practices.
Assess IT's environmental and cost impact and
identifyareastobegreened
Set SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable,
Realistic, and Timely) green goals as the internal
targets to reduce your carbon footprint along with
timelines. Develop criteria for measuring progress
towardsthegoals
Develop andimplementa green policythat aims to
achieve higher utilization of systems while
reducing energy use and lessening their
environmental impact
Encourage, motivate, and energize the workforce
to follow the green path and to come up with and
implement their own ideas. In addition, also
encourage clients, suppliers, and outsourcers to
adoptgreen practices
Monitor the progress regularly; watch industry
trends and new developments. Revise the green
policyasrequired
Publicize your environmental policy, actions, and
achievements and thereby get credits and
accolades from customers, peers, industry groups,
environmental advocates, government agencies,andsociety at large.
OTHER GREENBANKING ACTIVITIES
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Banks may formulate innovative financial
solutions and redesign the existing ones so as to
incorporateenvironmental perspectives
Banks may provide loans with concessions to
corporates or individuals who undertake
environment-friendly projects such as projects
employing sun, wind equipment, manufacturers
of fuel-efficient automobiles
Banks can introduce green funds for customers
who would like to invest in environment-friendly
projects
Banks can involve themselves in carbon credit
business, wherein they can provide all the services
in the area of clean development mechanisms and
carbon credit businessBanks can support projects ranging from
community cleanups to national initiatives on
climate change, water, air, biodiversity and more.
Drawing on the above guidelines, opportunities and
options, banks need to set their near-term and long-term
green goals, develop their green strategies, and execute
theirgreening activitiesin a phased manner.
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GREENING
BANKING INFRASTRUCTURE
Chapter 3
9GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
GREENING IT INFRASTRUCTURE
Going green is more than just a social incentive. Making a
bank's infrastructure (including physical and IT) more
environmentally friendly can also reduce costs
significantly.
In today's environment, all banks are computerized. In
this IT-enabled environment, bankers should make use of
these IT resources in an eco-friendly manner. Followingaresome of the guidelines for greening the use of laptops,
desktopcomputers,andserversinabank.
According to various studies, quite a lot of energy is
wasted in a laptop when the laptop is being charged. The
chargers step down the voltage and convert the AC to DC.
This happens as long as the charger is connected to the
power socket, irrespective of whether the laptop is
connected to the charger or not, thus resulting in waste of
energy. Hence, it is very importantto switch offthe power
supplywhenitisnotinuse.
There are green chargers in the market, which can detect
whether a charger is connected to a notebook computer
or any other device, and reduce the power consumption
whenachargerisnotconnectedtoadevice.
Monitors consume about 20 to 30% of the total energy
used by a laptop; hence it is important to reduce the
power consumption of the monitors. Strategies that help
in reducingthe power consumption of monitors include:
Reduce the brightness of the monitor to the
appropriate level. A brighter screen consumes
moreenergy
When some background task is running in the
computer and there is no need to use the monitor
during this time, switch off the monitor instead of
using screen savers as screen savers also consume
someenergy
Most of the computer operating systems provide
Greening Use of Laptops, Desktop Computers,
and Servers
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power saving profiles which when enabled,
reduces the amount of energy consumed by the
computer. Forexample, whenthe laptop is starting
up or when the laptop is shutting down, these
applications reduce the screen brightness to a
minimum.
The processors of laptop also consume a lot of power
particularly when carrying out computationally-intensive
tasks. Many aspects of applications that run on a system
impacts power consumption. The following guidelines
will help in optimizing theenergy consumption:
The background processes and other applications
which are not being used are kept running to keep
the processor active, thus resulting in energy
wastage. So, when an application is not in use,close the application and also stop the background
processes that arenot being used
Multitasking is a tradeoff between CPUtime spent
executing tasks and inefficiencies brought in by
context switching. When a task starts running
slower than it would normally run, one of the likely
causes is due to inefficiencies owing to context
switching. It is advisable to reduce the number of
taskswhensuchslowingdownisnoticed
The more the processes that are set to start at
startup, the more the amount of time the laptop
needs to boot up, thus resulting in more
unproductive time for the processor and the
monitor. So, keep the number of processes that
startat the startup of the computer to a minimum.
The required applications can be started when
needed.
The peripheral devices that are connected to the
computer also consume energy, even though they might
not be in active use. For example, devices connected to
the USB ports in a computer draw power even when the
deviceisnotinuse.
M os t laptops today are provide d with power
management features and software. The power
management software can help in regulating the use of
the battery and electric power. It monitors the loadon the
hard disk, the activities on the laptop, and the ambient
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brightness and changes the various settings in the
computer to make optimal use of power. The software
also allows users to set timings for the computers to
automaticallygo to standbyor hibernatemode.
A typical desktop uses about 115 Watts of power. CRTmonitors were the primary output device used in the
desktop PCs till a few years back. CRT monitors consume a
lot of energy and are inefficient. It also contains a lot of
environmentally sensitive materials. LCD and LED
monitors are energy efficient and small in size. The power
management systems and techniques for monitors that
were described on laptops also holds good for desktops.
The processors used in desktops consume a lot more
power than their laptop counterparts. The processor and
hard disk power optimization techniques that were usedinthelaptopsalsoapplyhere.
In many cases, desktops are kept always on, so that it can
be remotely accessed from a laptop or some other
desktop. In most cases, desktops are left switched on
247 even during holidays. Hence, most of the time
desktops remain idle and waste a lot of energy. To avoid
having to leave the desktops switched on all the time, we
coulduseremotewakeupmethodologies.
In banks, where there are many desktops in use, it is
important to globally monitor the usage of all the
desktops to get a holistic picture on the usage efficiency of
the desktops. Tools like NightWatchman (www.1e.com),
TheEnergyDetective'(TED) (www.theenergydetective.com),
'eMonitor' (www.powerhousedynamics.com) and
'Conserve Insight' (www.belkin.com/conserve/insight/)
help managers in assessing the power usage trends of
many of their desktops over time by monitoring the usage
trends and presenting the data in the form of a
dashboard.
Banks also need management tools, which allow remote
control of desktops. Though most operating systems have
group policies, which allow certain configurations to be
enforced on the desktops, they are not as effective as
management tools which allow granular control over the
desktops. Tools like 'Night Watchman' help enterprises
have more control over the desktops. These tools allow
enterprises 'securely, remotely and centrally', power
down desktops. They also allow enterprises to apply
power schemes at different times in multiple locations,
globally from a single console, maximizing power savings
without impacting users. Though there might be
resistance fromemployeesto the implementationof suchsystems, it is important to make the employees
understand the benefits and advantages of the system
and thenimplementsolutions.
Servers are computers designed to serve the needs of
other computers. In general, server computers run one or
more services that will be used by other computers in the
network. They have powerful CPUs and have large
amount of memory RAM. They are ON most of the time
and in most cases redundant servers are used to provide
increased reliability. These servers are generally placed indata centers. Servers in general generate a large amount
of heat due to large power consumption by servers and
hence they require better cooling mechanisms. The
energy efficiency aspects of servers arediscussed in detail
in Greening Data Centerssection.
Many design parameters have to be considered while
designing and implementing IT data centers. These design
parameters include reliability, availability, serviceability,
scalability, modularity, flexibility and security. The
increase in the number of online service users, leading to
an ever-increasing demand for computing resources, has
resulted in an increase in the requirement of power and
space to host these computer resources and IT
infrastructure. Power consumption and power densities
are rising and the old techniques of power supply and
cooling in a typical, traditional data center are no longer
abletocatertotoday'sneeds.
About half of the data centers will have insufficient power
and cooling capacity to handle emerging high density
equipments. The power and cooling infrastructure
accounts for 50 percent of the total energy consumption
by data centers. Most of the electrical energy in a typical
data centeris utilized by the infrastructure which includes
servers and storage devices, chiller units, centralized air
Greening DataCenters
Need for GreenIT Data Centers
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11GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
conditioners, uninterrupted power supplies (UPS), etc.
Some electricity is also utilized by the lighting system and
humidifiers.
Increase in power and space requirement, along with the
increase in global warming has forced the IT fraternity to
rethink and reconsider the traditional design andimplementation approach in developing data centers.
Typical cooling techniques, using centralized air
conditioning system, in a traditional data center are not
proving to be efficient and sufficient to cater to the needs
of today's IT infrastructure demands. Centralized air
conditioning and floor cooling is not enough for cooling
high loads. The cooling effect remains concentrated and
localized to lower heights and cannot cool the overall IT
equipmentin high density racksof data centers.
Variousinnovative ideasand bestpracticesare evolving to
ensure optimal utilization of power, space and cooling
requirements, leading to development of green IT data
centers, which are eco-friendly. A green IT data center is
designed keeping in view many design parameters,
creating an eco-foundation, and leading to a lower cost of
ownership. These parameters range from physical layout
and design, cooling system, cabling, power system, IT
infrastructure including servers and storage devices; and
IT design parameters like consolidation and virtualization
for most energy efficient and optimal utilization. Theseparameters are based around (a) scalable, repeatable,
and modular architectures; (b) modular, flexible and
optimized power and cooling; (c) simplified, flexible
cabling and plumbing; and (d) real-time energy
monitoring.
GreenData Center Model
Green data center is defined as a computing
environment that uses resources in a more efficient
manner and has less impact upon people and theenvironment.
Data centers have a typical energy intensity which can be
15 to 200 times that of regular commercial buildings. This
iscausedduetothreereasons:
Data centers, being mission- critical facilities, are
designed withseveralback-ups and redundancies
A data center would have a lifespan that is
upwards of 10 years. While the IT racks are
populated and loaded slowly across these years int an de m w it h b us in es s g ro wt h, t he s it e
infrastructure is traditionally provisioned and
deployedupfront
The rack density in data centers is increasing
unremittingly over the past two decades. The
energy needed per compute unit has decreased,
but with the corresponding compaction of IT
equipment as well, the average density of racks
has begun to touch double digits in terms of kW/
Rack, with some HPC (High Performance Cluster)densities scaling 60 kW/ Rack.
However, the green-ness of a data center is not only
determined by the usage of energy, but by several other
factors as well. These factors are summarised visually in
this greendatacenter model below:
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12GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
Opportunities for Greeningthe DataCenter
These sets of opportunities are classified under four
headings:
In its lifetime, a small 1U server
could have a carbon footprint of 4 metric tonnes.Therefore, it is incumbent upon data center
owners to ascertain the cleanliness of their
power source when setting up a data center.
Today, the tariff we
pay per kWhr of energy consumed is heavily
subsidised. In the future, if the regulatory
authorities mandate a pass-through, then the case
for onsite generation will become increasingly
strong.
Data centers merit onsite
generation forthreevalid reasons:
For those data centers warranting Tier-IV
architecture based on their cost of downtime,
the Uptime Institute allows the leeway of
viewing onsite generation as the primary source
and the grid as the economic alternative or
second source
For those data centers where there is a gap
between quantum of power requisitioned andwhat is sanctioned, this gap can be bridged by
onsite generation
Running data centers mostly have a scenario of
saturating available power before they run out
of space, due to the increasing densification of
racks. These many-a-times forces organisations
to prematurely build their next data centers.
With onsite generation, requisite power
augmentation to further utilise available space
wouldbecome possible.The Uptime Institute
requires 12 hours' back-up worth of diesel stored
at site. This hasa sizeable carbonfootprint.
Site infrastructure in the data center refers to the
facilities or services such as the civil, structural, power,
cooling, fire safety, physical security, access and building
managementsystems.
1. Power Train
2. SiteInfrastructure
Source of Power:
Transmission and Distribution:
Onsite Generation:
Back-up Generation:
Energy:
Water:
Materials:
IT Hardware:
Network and Communication:
IT Architecture:
Energy is the biggest consumable in the
data centers, and the biggest operating cost
contributor year-on-year. Especially for medium
and small-sized data centers, many are not aware
of the amount of energy consumed. This is further
true when the data center is housed in a shared
corporate facility, where there may not be meters
to measure the energy fed to the data centers
alone. Conceptually, the metric PUE (Power Usage
Effectiveness)is:
For those data centers using water-based
cooling, the need for water at the data centers can
run into lakhs of litres per day. Adequately
provisioning for this asset and making availabilitya
qualifyingcriterionforsiteelectionisamust.
Several materials are bought, used and
discarded on an ongoing basis in data centers
starting with the displacement of topsoil when
building right up to the regular replacementof UPS
batteries. Responsible procurement practices
specifying energy-efficient products are a must.
Also, the responsible disposal of hazardous waste
suchase-wasteshouldbecarriedout.
PUE=(Consumption+ Overhead+ Wastage)/Consumption
3. IT Infrastructure
Equipment with energy-efficiency
s tar rat ing s s hould be the qual i fie r f or
procurement, or where these are still not widely
available, should give the supplier an added
advantageduringthe evaluation process. Pay-back
calculations for these energy- efficient products
should be a part of the product specifications
provided by the supplier, making their selection a
robust financialchoice.
To the maximumlevel possible, hygiene in maintaining data cables
under the raised floor should be done so as not to
reduce air-conditioning efficiency.
It has been established that IT
infrastructure is heavily under-utilised in data
centers. The average utilisation of servers globally
in data centers is between 7-27%. This is due to the
redundancies built into the IT architecture, as well
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13GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
as the spreading out of applications across more
servers than needed. Enabling the power
management system in servers to reduce
consumptionofenergywhenidlingisamust.
Virtualization
andconsolidation arethe key designparameters ofgreen IT data centers. Consolidating many servers
into one, and vitalising the application and data
can lead to reduced server count, also reducing
the overall server sprawl, and further leading to
efficient space, power and cooling requirements,
simultaneously improving IT infrastructure
optimisation, and better utilisation in a secured
and optimised manner. Virtualization is possible at
every level in IT infrastructure, starting from
operating system to the physical servers, storagedevices and network, and even at client access
devices. IT vendors are now coming up with
energy-efficient and eco-friendly hardware, which
include servers populated with central processing
units not requiring more power than an electric
bulb and with an overall power requirementof less
than 500 watts per server. These servers are also
space-efficient, taking a maximum of 1 (one) rack
unit space and hence leading to overall best space,
power and cooling utilisation. Most of the ITservers today are bundled with virtualization
technologies, which enable consolidation of
thousands of application into one single server
without any performance overheads. These
servers have provisions for creating logical
domains, using hyper visor technology, and
enabling installation and configuration of
heterogeneous operating environments, running
variety of application in a space and power
efficientsingle server.
A colocated data center in a large IDC
(Internet Data Center) should be greener. The
rationale is that a large colocation service provider
would seeprofit linked directly to energy efficiency
and lower energy bills. Therefore, they would
necessarily track and control PUE in their IDCs. A
4. OperatingModels
Virtualization and Consolidation:
Colocation:
bank, hosting their servers in such a facility, would
by proxy to enjoy this benefit as compared to
achieving such levels of efficiency in their own EDC
(Enterprise Data Center).
When migrating non-critical
applications to the cloud, similar benefits as abovewould be realised. Further, if the cloud service
provider's IDC is in geography with cooler climes,
significant opportunity for free cooling would
further drive down PUE. Similarly, the use of clean
energy in such IDCs due to geographical advantage
would reduce the carbon footprint per banking
transaction.
Mature service providers
areabletosetupremotefarms,fromwhereabank
could buy wheeled power. Heavy subsidies are
available from the Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy. Payback of 4-5 years is promised by such
service providers.
Many generator
companies have established leasing or rental
models, where they can bill energy consumed by
the data center on a subscription basis. A
combination of co-generation or tri- generation in
this model, along with the use of natural gas, can
makethecaseforagreendatacenter.
While the opportunities are many, there are several
influencers on how green a Bank chooses to make their
Data Center:
A lot is decide d by the banks
managements and the data center managers
attitude on how green to be. In a running data
center, the change management needed is even
greater. Someopportunities are:
Coldandhotaislearrangement
Blankingpanelsinracks
Partitioning (including plenum) out unused
datacenter areas
Regularcleaning
Detangling underraised floor
Shutting down excess capacity in site
Cloud Computing:
Wheeling and Banking:
Onsite Energy as a Service:
Attitude:
Influencers to Greening the Data Center
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14GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
infrastructure (UPS, PAC, etc.), without
compromisingredundancies
Variable capacity cooling
Correct placement of vented tiles in cold aisle,
notinhotaisle
Sealingofairleakages.
Organisational policies sometimes drive or
constraingreeninitiatives in a data center. Thenew
TC 9.9 guidelines from ASHRAE recommends
temperature envelope from 18 to 27 Celsius, with
some prescribed limits for rate of change and
humidity. Efficient operations can be observed till
24 Celsius, provided it is an existing DX-type PAC
(Precision Air Conditioner), it can receive the
correspondingly high return temperatures.Similarly, green procurement policies can help
green a data center even during hardware
refreshes.
Energy efficiency achieved in any data
center is a direct outcome of utilisation. A Data
Center, when it is built, envisions a certain growth
in business and corresponding loading of IT Racks
overthenext10years.
As of today, in India, there is no
regulationor statutesspecific to datacenters.Eventhe Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC),
2009 by the Bureau of EnergyEfficiency for generic
buildings is only applicable for voluntary adoption
at this point of time. However, the qualifying size of
abuildingaspertheECBCis:
Policy:
Utilisation:
Statutes:
When ECBC compliance becomes mandatory, then itwould be a given that all medium-sized and large data
centers would qualify for compliance. Whatever is the
nature of exceptions, compliances and administrative
methods that emerge for the ECBC in due course,
knowledge of this significant framework would be useful
even today.
In the data center, the following can be taken up as well-
consideredchoicesbyabank:
Choosingto locatea data center in a
city with opportunity for free cooling, availability
of (preferably piped) natural gas and relatively
cleaner sources would be recommended, in
addition to other technical, administrative,
financial and corporate criteria.
PUE is one of the best recognised
metricsintheindustry,anddefinedas:
Thehigher the PUE, the more inefficientthe data center. It
is very likely that an enterprise data center such as that of
abankmayhaveaPUEthatisgreaterthan2
The unequivocal methodology to measure PUE, as
defined by the Green Grid is given as follows. It is
recommended that all banks at the least start measuring
PUECategory1.
Green Choices and Initiatives
Site Selection:
Measurement:
Connected Load 100KW or More
120 KVA or More
1,000 Square meters or more
Contract Demand
Air-conditioned AreaIT Energy
MeasurementLocation
PUECategory
0*
PUECategory
1
PUECategory
2
PUECategory
3
Definition of
IT Energy
Definition of
Total Energy
UPSOutput
UPSOutput
PDUOutput
ITEquipment
Output
Peak ITElectric
Demand
IT AnnualEnergy
TotalAnnualEnergy
Peak TotalElectric
Demand
TotalAnnualEnergy
TotalAnnualEnergy
IT AnnualEnergy
IT AnnualEnergy
*For PUE Category 0, the measurements are electric demand (kW).
PUE = (Total Data Center Energy Consumption
or Power / IT Energy Consumption or Power)
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15GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
Certification:
Innovation:
Certification is a way to encourage
data centers for maintenance of a green data
center.Several opportunities present
thems elve s to de ploy g re en e quipme nt,
technologies and operating models in the data
center, as discussed earlier. One additional area
not mentioned above is the use of a good DCIM
(Data Center Infrastructure Management)
application, available off-the-shelf from many
providers today. Integrating this with all site
infrastructure equipment, and then, among other
things, tracking PUE constantly wouldbe useful.In conclusion, whatever else may be achieved towards
greening data center, new or old, the one key
consideration remains energy. A green and energy
efficient data center can not only deliver significant
savings in operating costs and reduction in capital cost,
but achieve national recognition for the bank in terms of
corporate social responsibility and contribution to
sustainability.
A green building is a building which is energy efficient,
resource efficient and environmentally responsible,
which incorporates design, construction and operational
practices that significantly reduce or eliminate its
negative impact on the environmentand its occupants.
Energy efficiency in buildings could be achieved by
realizing the best design and engineering approach. A
sustainable procurement process and a conformance
assessment of existing codes and regulations for energy
efficiency make the realization of building to be energy
efficient. The renovation of existing buildings towards
being more energy efficient makes sustainable
modernization.
On a practical level, this encompasses the use of design,
materials and technology to reduce energy and resource
consumption and create improved human and natural
environments.
GREENBUILDINGS
Ways to GreeningBuildings
Self-Energy GenerationTechniques
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Building designed according to trees on site for
preserving more trees and integrating them into
thedesign
Good interior design for better daylight
penetration
Building plans and windows designed for cross
ventilation
Efficient air conditioning and heating systems
Reduction in water usage
Highly reflective roofing materials
Preserving and Protecting landscape during
construction.
Banks can start harnessing renewable energy for
satisfyingtheir own energy requirement by:
Installingroof topsolarpanels/collectors
Installingfaadeof photovoltaic film/panels
Installing Algae bioreactor to fix carbon dioxide
andproduce biofuel for power supply
Installing biomass combined-heat-and-power
b oi l er b ur ni n g v eg et ab le o il t ha t w i ll
simultaneouslygenerate heatand electricity.
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CASE STUDIES IN
INDIAN BANKS
Chapter 4
16GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
CASE STUDY 1:
MostserversusedintheABCbanktodayutilizebetween5
and15% of their total capacitywhile consuming60 to 70%
of their maximum energy consumption at idle. This was
seen by the bank as a big challenge and area for potential
saving. To address the challenge, ABC bank had embarked
on server virtualization journey. ABC bank had adopted
VMware virtualization technology forx86 servers and alsodid consolidation of servers as appropriate. By server
virtualization, the bank has saved on the following
components of the infrastructure / datacenter.
Avoidance of server administrationcost
Improvedcentralprocessing unitutilization
Reduced deployment times for servers, new
applications(from6to8daystowithinaday)
Server provisioning savings due to shared
infrastructure
Procurement costs reduction in release of
purchaseorder
Improved application availability and reduction in
downtime.
ABC bank consolidated multiple IBM Power5 RISC based
servers to more powerful Power7 based servers across
three datacenters requiring much lesser footprint and
multiple benefits.
Reduction in rack space, power, cooling 12 P7
770 servers with 416 P7 cores with 12 GB
memory/core occupies about 12 racks space in
place of 60 racks occupied by around 140 P5
servers
P7 servers require around 60% less power and
cooling requirements as compared to older
generation P5 servers
GREENINITIATIVES BYABC BANK
Server Virtualization
Server Consolidation
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infrastructure with basic monitoring dashboard
reducing administrationoverheads.
ABC bank embarked on virtualization of desktops and
setup Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) in its
datacenters. 5000 users have been migrated on 16 blade
servers in VDI, giving cost reduction in power and real
estate.
ABC bank started rolling out network based laser printers
through a printing solutions provider across 1250 offices.
This enabled the bank to reduce the number of printers to
nearly one third and thus reduced maintenance related
issues.
By consolidating mail servers, ABC bank has managed to
reduce the server count from 912 physical servers to 744.
New branch users are also being accommodated on
existing consolidated servers, thereby reducing server
footprint. This has been achieved by optimally using 64-
bit processorarchitecture.
CASE STUDY 2:
XYZ Bank has implemented Green Banking Channel in
select branches to facilitate debit card holders to self-
service transactions at branch counters. It had developed
green banking channel where the customer can initiate a
transaction by swiping the debit card in a point of salemachine kept at a lobby. The transaction thus initiated by
customer will automatically get posted in Core Banking
Solution where it is verified by the branch teller. In the
whole process, manual filling up of challans or vouchers
are dispensed with and the transaction is authenticated
through ATM PIN a green initiative for paper-less mode.
Green banking channel supports cash withdrawal, cash
deposit and fundtransfer.
Desktop Virtualization
Printer Consolidation
Mail Server Consolidation
GreenBanking Channel
GREENINITIATIVES BYXYZ BANK
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17GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
In green banking channel implementation, the bank has
integrated multiple systems such as ATM switch, Core
Banking Solution and point of sale network to provide
seamless experience to customer. This has substantially
reduced the usage of paper withdrawal or deposit slips in
the branches, thus contributing towards greenerenvironment.
XYZ bank has centralized the business processes being
followed in the branches or off ices, including
centralization of account opening process, centralization
of account servicing, centralization of trade finance
process, and centralization of overseas customer account
opening.
In order to automate and track the process at every stage
of processing, the bank implemented Document
Management System with workflow capability. To reduce
the turnaround time, XYZ bank has implemented
scanning at branch concept wherein documents are
scanned at branches. The system automatically
categorises the documents based on the intelligent
character recognition or optical character recognition
technology.
Once the documents are exported into Document
Management System, the same is available to NationalProcessing Centre for processing. XYZ bank has created
separate processing centre, one for account opening and
accountservicingandotherfortradefinanceprocessing.
In order to implement the system, XYZ bank has
integrated Document Management System with Core
Banking Solution, Lending Automation System, Mail
Messaging System, SMS, SWIFT, FAX, Intranet Portal, etc.
This has helped in straight through processing between
various systems.
Besides increasing efficiency, reducing cost, andturnaround time, this system helped in eliminating the
need for keeping the multiple copies of documents in the
branches. It is a Green Initiative by the XYZ bank,
reducing the dependency on papers, in turn helping in
saving the environment.
Centralizationof Operations
CASE STUDY 3:
PQR bank took a social responsibility towards proper
handling of e-waste management with a view to protect
the environment which may be polluted by toxic gases
and other non-biodegradable substances which are
discharged through e-waste. PQR bank has put in place, a
welldefined and transparent e-waste management policy
in accordance with E-waste Rule, 2011 notified byMinistry of Environment and Forest,Government of India.
E-waste policy of the bank contains broad guidelines or
procedures for effective e-waste management in all units
of the bank located in India. The policy aims at generating
awareness amongst all the working staff for proper
maintenance of electricaland electronics equipments.
The e-waste management initiative of the bank
emphasizes on the following:
Reduction in e-waste generation by locatingelectronic equipments in proper environment,
regular maintenance of equipments and use of
centralizedprinting or photocopying facilities
Wherever possible, to take into account buy-back
arrangementwiththe vendor(s)for new purchase
Purchase of energy efficient and eco-efficient
technology products by giving preference to
higher star-ratedelectric or electronic items
Identification of e-waste and their timely disposal(ensuring that no official data is released to
outside parties)
Repairs or upgrade of the equipments if the cost to
be incurred is reasonable and commensurate with
theextendedlifeoftheequipment
Reckoning of the usefulness of items and donating
them to trusts or schools, NGOs,etc.
GREENINITIATIVES BYPQR BANK
E-waste Management
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FOSTERING
GREEN BANKING
Chapter 5
18GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
Green banking can be an avenue to reduce pollution and
save the environment aiding sustainable economic
growth. Green Banking is a multi-stakeholders'
endeavour where banks have to work closely with
government, NGOs, regulator, consumers, and business
communitiestoreachthegoal.
We propose the introduction of standard rating for green
efficient banks and banking practices among Indian
Banks. Under this rating system, both the infrastructure
and operations of the banks are being considered. We
have coined the term of Green Rating Standard as Green
Coin Rating. Banks' primary business must not be money
making only, but it should also keep in mind social and
environmental issues relating to its operations.
Green Coin Rating will be in line as energy star rating given
for appliances. Banks will be judged based on the rate of
carbon emission out of their operations, the amount of
reuse, refurbish and recycling concept being used in their
building furnishings and in the systems used by them suchas computers, servers, networks, printers, etc. They are
also being evaluated on the number of green projects
being financed by them and the amount of rewards and
recognition theyare paying forturning businessesgreen.
The primary objectives behind Green Coin Rating are as
follows:
Improving the energy and carbon efficiency of
bank
Toestimateenergyusageandwastage
Comparative assessment of banks andits products
e ff icie nc y f or the c ustome rs and othe r
stakeholders in relation to environment impact
assessment
Recognize and reward the environment-conscious
financial institutions.
Financial institutions and banks in particular have an
important role to play in going green by contributing to
the creation of a strong and successful low carbon
economy. They should expand the use of environmental
information in the credit extension and investment
decisions. The endeavor will help them proactivelyimprove their environmental performance and creating
longtermvaluefortheirbusiness.
Even the customers want ecologically friendly products
and services to reduce their impact on the environment.
The banks going green in the technologies and services
that they areproviding, willnot only save their energy and
waterconsumptionbutwill also appraise them in theeyes
of environment supporting customers. The Green
approach adopted by the banks will impactthe customers
inthefollowingways:
Betterchoice forcustomers and businesses
Customers will be attracted to relationship-driven
approach built on foundation of core values
designed to enhance environmental, social, and
financialwellbeingof communities
Active lending to sustainable businesses
Green credit beingprovidedto the customers.
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Carbon
Emission
Green
Building
Paper
work
Green
Investment
Reuse/
Recycle/
Refurbish
Green
Rewards
GREEN
COIN
RATINGS
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19GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
GLOSSARY
Carbon Footprint
Climate Change
Cloud Computing
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Data Centre infrastructure Efficiency (DCiE)
e-waste
Environmental Sustainability
A measure of an organization's or
entity's impact on the environment in terms of theamount of greenhouse gases produced, measured in
unitsof CO equivalent.
Changes in temperature and weather
patterns due to certain human activity like burning fossil
fuels. The changes include global average air and ocean
temperature, widespread melting of snow and ice and
risingglobalsealevels.
A new computing or IT paradigm in
whichcomputingresources computingcapacity, storage
and applications are delivered and consumed as a
service accessed over a network. It is easily scalable and
highlyflexible,anduserspayfortheservicestheyuse.
A form of
corporate self-regulation about how companies manage
their business processes to produce an overall positive
impact on society. Its goal is for a company to embrace
responsibility for its actions and encourage a positive
impact through its activities on the environment,
consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and
all other members of the public sphere. Integrated into its
business model, a business' CSR policy functions as a
built-in, self-regulating mechanism whereby a business
monitors and ensures its active compliance with the spirit
of the law, ethical standardsand international norms.
A metric
used to determine the energy efficiency of a data centre.
It is the ratio of information technology equipment power
tototal facilitypower, andis expressed as a percentage.
Electronic waste, e-waste, e-scrap or WasteElectrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) comprises
discarded electrical or electronic devices. It is one of the
fastestgrowingsegments of our waste stream.
The design and provision
of products and services that incorporate and promote
waste minimization and the efficient and effective use
and reuse of resources. Its aim is to protect the
2
environment for the benefit of current and future
generations. It is all about meeting needs and seeking a
balance between people, the environment and the
economy. According to the United Nations, sustainable
development meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meettheir ownneeds.
The rising average temperature of the
Earth's atmosphere and oceans and its projected
continuation. In the last 100 years, the Earth's average
surface temperature increasedby about 0.8 C (1.4 F) with
about two-thirds of the increase occurring over just the
last three decades. Most global warming is caused by
increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases produced
by human activities such as deforestation and burning
fossil fuels.
A resource-efficient building that uses
less water, optimizes energy efficiency, conserves natural
resources, generates less waste and provides healthier
spaces for occupants, as compared to a conventional
building. A green building reduces its carbon footprint
throughout a building's life cycle design, construction,
operation, maintenance, renovationand demolition.
A data centre in which IT systems,
air-conditioning systems, electrical and mechanical
systems and the buildings that house the data centre are
designed and operated for maximum energy efficiency,
low carbon footprint and minimum environmental
impacts.
A term referring to environmentally sound
information technologies and systems, applications and
practices. It is the study and practice of designing,
manufacturing and using computers, servers, monitors,
printers, storage devices and networking and
communications systems efficiently and effectively with
zero or minimal impact on the environment. It is also
about using IT to support, assist and leverage other
environmental initiatives and to help create green
awareness. Green IT encompasses hardware, software,
tools, strategies and practices that help improve and
fosterenvironmental sustainability.
A wide range of different gases
that can absorb thermal infrared radiation (heat) which is
o o
Global Warming
Green Building
Green Data Centre
Green IT
Greenhouse Gas (GHG)
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20GREEN BANKING FOR INDIAN BANKING SECTOR
emitted from the earth, and then re-emit it. The most
significant GHGs are CO , methane, nitrous oxide and CFC
gases.
The ISO 14000 standards family
addresses various aspects of environmental manage-
ment. ISO 14001 deals with the requirements of an
Environmental Management System (EMS), and ISO
14004 offers general guidelines for EMSs. The other ISO
14000 standards and guidelines address specific
environmental aspects such as labelling, performance
evaluation, life cycle analysis, communication and
auditing.
LEED consists of a suite of rating systems for the design,
construction and operation of high-performance green
buildings, homes and neighbourhoods. Developed by theUS Green Building Council, LEED is intended to provide
building owners and operators a concise framework for
identifying and implementing practical and measurable
green building design, construction, operations and
maintenancesolutions.
A metric used to
determine the energy efficiency of a data centre. PUE is
theratiooftheamountoftotalpowerconsumedbyadata
centre to the power used to run the computer
infrastructure within it. PUE measures how muchoverhead energyis requiredto house and cool computers
inside a building relative to the amount of energy that the
computersconsume themselves.
The philosophy that
unwanted computers, monitors and other hardware
should not be thrown away as rubbish, as they will then
end up in landfills and cause serious environmental
problems. Instead, we should refurbish, reuse or recycle
(i.e. dispose of) them in environmentallysound ways.This
is also known as the three 'Rs' of greening unwantedhardware.
A process of creatinga virtual (rather than
actual) version of something, such as a hardware
platform, operating system, a storage device or network
resources, with the aim to centralize administrative tasks
whilst improving scalability and overall hardware
resourceutilization.
2
ISO 14001 standard
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)
Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE)
Reuse, Refurbish, and Recycle
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Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices.
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Banks Going Green
Competitive Advantage on a Warming Planet.
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Best Practices for the EU Code of Conduct on Data
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Evaluating the Carbon Reducing Impacts of ICT:
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Report to Congress on Server and Data Center Efficiency.
Smart 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the
InformationAge
AC versus DC Power Distribution for Data Centers
Data Center TCO: A Comparison of High Density and Low
Density Space
Energy Efficiency in Buildings: Business Realities and
Opportunities
The UptimeInstitute:
TheGreenGrid:
Greener and Smarter: ICTs, the Environment, and Climate
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A New Era of Sustainability: UN Global Compact
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,IntelWhitePaper,2008.
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OECD,2010.
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http://uptimeinstitute.org
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IDRBT Green Banking Working Group
An IDRBT Publication, August 2013. All Rights Reserved. For restricted circulation in the Indian Banking Sector.
MEMBERS
Dr. G.R.Gangadharan,
Assistant Professor, IDRBT
Mr. Anil Tembhe,
AGM, State Bank of India
Mr. G. S. V. Surya Prasad,
Executive Vice President & Head,
Infrastructure Technology Group,
HDFC Bank.
Dr. San Murugesan,
Director, BRITE Professional Services,
Australia
Dr. Sateesh Kannegala,
Senior Technical Manager, HP India
Mr. Koyal Mandal,
Program Head - ESF,
Institute for Financial Management
and Research, India
Mr. Anil Kuril,
DGM, Union Bank of India
Ms. Shaheen Meeran,
Managing Director,SCHNABEL DC Consultants (I) Pvt. Ltd.
Ms. Swarnalatha Mylavarapu,
Researcher, IBM Research India
MENTORS
,Shri. B. Sambamurthy
DIRECTOR, IDRBT
Shri. Patrick Kishore,
Chief Operating Officer, IDRBT
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