green algae (chlorophytes). “chlamydomonas” green algae diversity i 20 “chlorella”...
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Green Algae Diversity I (Chlamydomonas)
Only different mating types (“+”, “-”) are capable of fertilization
Green Algae Diversity II: Desmids
Cosmarium
“Desmids”Closterium
EuastrumStaurastrumMicrasterias
Triploceras
Spondylosium
Pandorina(8 or 16 Cells)
Eudorina(16 or 32 Cells)
“Volvox”500 – Thousands of Cells
Green Algae Diversity IV
Spherical
Flattened
Gonium Platydorina
Sac-Like
Tetraspora
• Small, flagellated, cells (with eyespot) Connected by cytoplasmic strands
• Impart motility to colony
• Incapable of cell division (regA gene)
• “Altruism”
Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox)
Larger, flagellated located at colony posterior
• Capable of cell division (regA gene inhibited)
• Form hollow balls of flagellated cells inside the colony (“Daughter Colonies”)
Somatic Cells Gonidia
Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox)
• Daughter Colony Release• Daughter Colony Inversion throughpore (phialopore)
Asexual Reproduction
Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox)
• Gonidia form sperm packets, invert• Sperm packets release
Male Female Fertilization
• Gonidia form Eggs
(Sexual Reproduction)
Green Algae Diversity IV (Volvox)(Sexual Reproduction)
Zygote Formation Zygote Meiosis to form Biflagellated Spores
• Occasionally, zygotes are spiny (Hypnozygote)
• Only one biflagellated spore survives
• Division of this spore regenerates colony
Green Algae Diversity VSexual Reproduction
• Gamete Formation• Fertilization
•Zygote Release
• Meiosis• Spore Release• Spore GerminationOedogonium
Green Algae Diversity V
Spirogyra
Sexual Reproduction
• Conjugation Tube Formation
• Gamete Formation• Fertilization
• Zygote Formation• Meiosis to Form Spores
Green Algae: Biofuels
SOUTHERN NEW MEXICO – Columbus will be home to Luna County’s first green energy facility—literally green, in this case. Algae will be cultivated by Sapphire Energy in man-made ponds about 8 miles west of Columbus on the Mexican border, to later be converted to a green goop called algae-based biofuel, oilgae, or algal fuel. “This will be the first Sapphire facility in the country,” says Tim Zenk, spokesperson for Sapphire Energy in San Diego. “We’re looking at different geographies,” says Zenk. “Now our focus is on New Mexico.” Luna County is considered ideal for algae-based biofuel because of the flat desert conditions, the high level of sunlight, and the large amount of underground salt water.
http://www.ecofriendlymag.com/2010/03/23/page/8/
• Gonidia form sperm packets, invert• Sperm packets release
Male Female Fertilization
• Gonidia form Eggs
Green Algae – Sexual Reproduction
Volvox
Green Algae: Sexual Reproduction
• Gamete Formation• Fertilization
•Zygote Release
• Meiosis• Spore Release• Spore GerminationOedogonium
Green Algae: Sexual Reproduction
Spirogyra
• Conjugation Tube Formation
• Gamete Formation• Fertilization
• Zygote Formation• Meiosis to Form Spores
Eukaryotic Nuclear Algae Phylogeny: “Fungi”
Cellular Slime Molds(Dictyostelium)
Acellular Slime Molds(Physarum)
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1 http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/LB_2824_ Chlamydomonas_nivalis_x1000b.jpg
2 http://www.solpugid.com/cabiota/ulva_lobata.jpg
4 http://www.lima.ohio-state.edu/biology/images/volvox.jpg
3 http://www.bio.utexas.edu/research/utex/photogallery/Images/ LB%20933%20Oedogonium%20foveolatum.jpg
5 http://ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/aquaplants/photos/chara.jpg
6 http://www.dgsgardening.btinternet.co.uk/moss.JPG
7 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Chlorophyta/Oedogonium_Images/ Zygote_MC_.tn.jpg
8 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/reefalgae/Algal%20digital%20or%20web% 20images/Egerod%20Caulerpa%20lentillifera%20300%20dpi%20web%20 image.jpg
9 http://www.geneseo.edu/~Bosch/Ecology/Caulerpa.jpg
10 http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/mag/imgoct05/Scenedesmus-opoliensis.jpg
12 http://www.surialink.com/HANDBOOK/Genera/image_greens/ Acetabularia_pics/Acetabularia_300.jpg
11 http://www.botany.ubc.ca/keeling/BIOL332/PrimarySecon.jpg
13 http://www.panspermia.org/secondary.jpg
14 http://www.keweenawalgae.mtu.edu/ALGAL_IMAGES/euglenophytes/ Euglena_n4_dollartow56_402_b.jpg
15 http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~inouye/ino/cy/prochloron.GIF
16 http://www.nps.gov/archive/olym/lichen/struct.jpg
17 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/332/Lichens/Foliose_lichen_130_d.gif
18 http://www.uog.edu/classes/botany/474/images/spirogyra_conj_prep3755.jpg
19 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/webb/bot311/ Chlorophyta/SpirogyraBig500.jpg
20 http://www.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/__data/assets/image/47350/chlorella2.gif
21 http://www.dees.dri.edu/Projects/Trbm/cladophora.jpg
22 http://www.riverrevitalizationfoundation.org/Images/10_04Cladophora.jpg
25 http://protist.i.hosei.ac.jp/pdb/Images/Chlorophyta/Cladophora/sp_1c.jpg
23 http://www.dees.dri.edu/Projects/Trbm/cladophora.jpg
24 http://www.riverrevitalizationfoundation.org/Images/10_04Cladophora.jpg
26 http://www.nies.go.jp/biology/mcc/images/100images/nies-0211.jpg
27 http://www.nies.go.jp/biology/mcc/images/100images/nies-0211.jpg
28 http://www.csupomona.edu/~jcclark/classes/bot125/resource/ graphics/g/chl_oedogonium.jpg
29 http://genesis.ocean.org.il/pictures/animals/Ulva.jpg
30 http://inapinkbox.com/store/images/Enchantment%20-%20Asiatic%20 Lilies%20Flower%20Bouquet.jpg
31 http://ag.arizona.edu/azaqua/aquaplants/photos/chara.jpg