The Glory that was…The Glory that was…

GREECEGREECE

Greece is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea.It’s very close to Egypt, the Persian empire (includes Turkey) and Rome

Greece is mountainousGreece is mountainousGreek communities often times developed Greek communities often times developed independently because of the mountains, independently because of the mountains, thus they were diversethus they were diverseAs a result, they fought each other a lot.As a result, they fought each other a lot.

GreeGree

k k WarsWars

Trojan WarTrojan War* happened around 12* happened around 12thth – 11 – 11thth century B.C. century B.C.

* Achaeans rebelled against the Trojan for * Achaeans rebelled against the Trojan for the control of the control of HellespontHellespont

* immortalized in Homer’s * immortalized in Homer’s Iliad and and OdysseyOdyssey

* Helen * Helen “ “the face that launched a thousand ships”the face that launched a thousand ships”

* Trojan horse* Trojan horse

Greek Greek – –

PersiaPersiann

WarWar

BATTLE OF THERMOPYLAEBATTLE OF THERMOPYLAE

plains of Thermopylae (central Greece)plains of Thermopylae (central Greece)

Xerxes defeated the Spartans, captured Xerxes defeated the Spartans, captured Athens and burned the acropolisAthens and burned the acropolis

BATTLE OF SALAMISBATTLE OF SALAMIS

Athens avenged the defeat of Sparta and Athens avenged the defeat of Sparta and the destruction of its citythe destruction of its city

The The Golden Golden Age of Age of GreeceGreece

Athens emerged as the supreme city-stateAthens emerged as the supreme city-state in Greecein Greece

Athens unified the city-states of GreeceAthens unified the city-states of Greece called the Delian Leaguecalled the Delian League

Athens achieved its Athens achieved its Golden AgeGolden Age during during the leadership of the leadership of PericlesPericles. It was also. It was also known as the known as the Periclean AgePericlean Age

It was during this age that great ideas andIt was during this age that great ideas and other contributions emerged. other contributions emerged.

The The Conflict Conflict BetweeBetwee

n n Athens Athens

and and SpartaSparta

PELOPONESSIAN WARPELOPONESSIAN WAR

happened in Peloponnesus (southern Greece)happened in Peloponnesus (southern Greece)

war between other city-states and Athenswar between other city-states and Athens

Sparta defended the other city-states Sparta defended the other city-states against Athensagainst Athens

Sparta defeated AthensSparta defeated Athens

Sparta was defeated by the Thebans in theSparta was defeated by the Thebans in the Battle of Leuctra which left the GreeceBattle of Leuctra which left the Greece weak and dividedweak and divided

ATHENSATHENS

SPARTASPARTA

oligopoly --- democracyoligopoly --- democracy gave importance togave importance to science, arts, music,science, arts, music, philosophy, etc. philosophy, etc.

oligopolyoligopoly gave importance togave importance to the military & the military & war-like valueswar-like values

King Philip of Macedonia conquered GreeceKing Philip of Macedonia conquered Greece with the exception of Spartawith the exception of Sparta

Alexander the Great expanded the empire and Alexander the Great expanded the empire and spread Greek civilization throughout itsspread Greek civilization throughout its territoriesterritories

HELLENISTIC CIVILIZATIONHELLENISTIC CIVILIZATION

HELLENIC AGEHELLENIC AGE

development of Greek civilization within Greecedevelopment of Greek civilization within Greece

HELLENISTIC AGEHELLENISTIC AGE

spread of Greek civilization to other parts of thespread of Greek civilization to other parts of the worldworld

ContributioContributio

ns of ns of Ancient Ancient GreeceGreece

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICSGOVERNMENT AND POLITICS

POLIS- independent city-statePOLIS- independent city-state

MONARCHY- rule of a king or queenMONARCHY- rule of a king or queen ARISTOCRACY- rule of noble families (rich,ARISTOCRACY- rule of noble families (rich,

powerful and coming frompowerful and coming from noble families)noble families)

OLIGARCHY- rule of few (rich and powerfulOLIGARCHY- rule of few (rich and powerful but not from noble families)but not from noble families)

DEMOCRACY- rule of the majority or of DEMOCRACY- rule of the majority or of the peoplethe people

POLITICAL WRITINGS:POLITICAL WRITINGS:

• The Republic The Republic by Platoby Plato

• Politics Politics by Aristotleby Aristotle

DRACODRACO

SOLONSOLON - great statesmen / leaders of - great statesmen / leaders of

CLEISTHENESCLEISTHENES Ancient Greece Ancient Greece

PERICLESPERICLES

RELIGIONRELIGION

ZEUS- ruler of all the godsZEUS- ruler of all the gods HERA- wife of Zeus; marriage, women and childbirthHERA- wife of Zeus; marriage, women and childbirth PHOEBUS / APOLLO- sun, light, music, prophecy & medicinePHOEBUS / APOLLO- sun, light, music, prophecy & medicine POSEIDON- seaPOSEIDON- sea HERMES- commerce and messenger of the godsHERMES- commerce and messenger of the gods HEPHAESTUS- fire & blacksmith of the godsHEPHAESTUS- fire & blacksmith of the gods ARES- warARES- war ATHENA- wisdomATHENA- wisdom APRODITE- beauty and loveAPRODITE- beauty and love ARTEMIS- moon and huntARTEMIS- moon and hunt DEMETER- agriculture & fertilityDEMETER- agriculture & fertility

polytheistic- believed in many gods and polytheistic- believed in many gods and goddessesgoddesses

their gods posses supernatural powers buttheir gods posses supernatural powers but subject to human flaws and emotionssubject to human flaws and emotions

SCIENCESCIENCE PYTHAGORAS- principles of GeometryPYTHAGORAS- principles of Geometry

- “Pythagorean Theorem”- “Pythagorean Theorem”

ARCHIMEDES- circumference of a circleARCHIMEDES- circumference of a circle EUCLID- “Father of Geometry”EUCLID- “Father of Geometry”

ARISTARCHUS- earth revolves around the sunARISTARCHUS- earth revolves around the sun while rotating on its own axiswhile rotating on its own axis

ERASTHOSTHENES- almost exact estimate ofERASTHOSTHENES- almost exact estimate of the circumference of thethe circumference of the worldworld - drew the latitudes and- drew the latitudes and longitude lines in the maplongitude lines in the map of the worldof the world

ARCHITECTUREARCHITECTURE PARTHENON- Athenian temple for the goddessPARTHENON- Athenian temple for the goddess

AthenaAthena DORICDORICIONICIONIC - 3 styles of Greek columns - 3 styles of Greek columns CORINTHIANCORINTHIAN

amphitheaters, stadiums, markets and publicamphitheaters, stadiums, markets and public bathsbaths

GREEK DRAMAGREEK DRAMA part of a feast in honor of the god Dionysuspart of a feast in honor of the god Dionysus

AESCHYLUSAESCHYLUS SOPHOCLESSOPHOCLES - 3 great Tragedians - 3 great Tragedians EURIPEDESEURIPEDES

TRAGEDY- focused on the problems of lifeTRAGEDY- focused on the problems of life

COMEDY- focused on politics and events in aCOMEDY- focused on politics and events in a funny mannerfunny manner

ARISTOPHANES- great Comic dramatistARISTOPHANES- great Comic dramatist

Greek Theater Floor Plan

PAINTINGPAINTING

POLYGNOTUS- first great Greek painterPOLYGNOTUS- first great Greek painter APOLLODORUSAPOLLODORUS APPELLES- painter in Alexander the Great’sAPPELLES- painter in Alexander the Great’s

courtcourt

POETRYPOETRY

HOMER- Iliad and OdysseyHOMER- Iliad and Odyssey PINDAR- lyric poetPINDAR- lyric poet SAPPHO- also known as the “Tenth Muse”SAPPHO- also known as the “Tenth Muse”

SCULPTURESCULPTURE

PHIDIAS- greatest sculpture of GreecePHIDIAS- greatest sculpture of Greece - made the statue of Athena and- made the statue of Athena and decorations at Parthenondecorations at Parthenon - statue of Zeus in Olympia- statue of Zeus in Olympia

MYRON- made the MYRON- made the Discobulus (Discus Discobulus (Discus Thrower)Thrower)

CHARES- made the CHARES- made the Colossus of Rhodes Colossus of Rhodes (one of the Seven (one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient Wonders of the Ancient World)World)

MEDICINEMEDICINE

HIPPOCRATES- established a school for the HIPPOCRATES- established a school for the study of medicinestudy of medicine - every disease has a natural- every disease has a natural causecause

HEROPHILUS- “Father of Anatomy”HEROPHILUS- “Father of Anatomy” ERASISTRATUS- “Father of Physiology”ERASISTRATUS- “Father of Physiology”

ALPHABETALPHABET

Greeks used the alphabet of the Phoenicians andGreeks used the alphabet of the Phoenicians and added vowelsadded vowels

became the basis for written and spokenbecame the basis for written and spoken languages of Europeans languages of Europeans

HISTORYHISTORY

HERODOTUS- “Father of History”HERODOTUS- “Father of History” - - The History of the Persian WarsThe History of the Persian Wars

THUCYDIDES- more scientific historianTHUCYDIDES- more scientific historian - - History of the PeloponnesianHistory of the Peloponnesian WarWar

PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY SOCRATES- “ the unexamined life is not worthSOCRATES- “ the unexamined life is not worth

living”living” - developed the - developed the DIALECTIC /DIALECTIC / SOCRATIC METHOD-SOCRATIC METHOD- question-answer method ofquestion-answer method of thinkingthinking

PLATO- PLATO- Republic- Republic- described the ideal statedescribed the ideal state - “only philosopher could become - “only philosopher could become intelligent and great leaders”intelligent and great leaders”

ARISTOTLE- ARISTOTLE- PoliticsPolitics- examined various forms- examined various forms of governmentof government - one should accept an theory if - one should accept an theory if this conforms to observable data. this conforms to observable data.

ContributioContributio

ns of ns of Ancient Ancient GreeceGreece

Greek InventionsGreek Inventions

• The Greeks invented dice.

Greek MilitaryGreek Military

• This is a catapult, a Greek invention.

• It could throw 300 pound stones at walls and buildings

Greek MilitaryGreek Military

• This is a hoplite, a Greek infantry soldier.

• Hoplites were middle-class freemen who had to pay for their own weapon and shield.

Greek MilitaryGreek Military

• This is a phalanx.• Soldiers get in a

tight box. They each have a large shield and a 9 foot long spear.

Flamethrower!!!!!Flamethrower!!!!!

Greek InventionGreek Invention

• The Greeks invented the crane.

The Greeks were the original Olympiads. Their scientists studied the best way to perform sports

Olympics as a Religious Occasion:The Olympics were a religious event for the Greeks. A temple on the site of Olympia, which was dedicated to Zeus, held a gold and ivory statue of the king of the gods. By the greatest Greek sculptor, Pheidias, it stood 42-feet high, and was one of the 7 wonders of the Ancient World.The Olympic games were basically just for men: Matrons were forbidden to attend the Games; however, the presence of the priestess of Demeter was required.It was sacrilege to commit a crime, including accepting payment, corruption, and invasion during the Olympic games.

An Olympic victor was crowned with an olive wreath (laurel wreath was the award for another set of Panhellenic games, the Pythian fames at Delphi) and had his name inscribed in the official Olympic records. Some Olympic victors were fed for the rest of their lives by their poleis, although they were never paid. They were considered heroes who conferred honor upon their city-states.

The ancient Olympic sporting events were: Boxing Discus (part of Pentathlon)Equestrian EventsJavelin (part of Pentathlon)JumpingPankrationPentathlonRunningWrestling