greco-persian wars the last stand of the 300. cyrus the great expanded persia into the largest and...
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Greco-Persian WarsThe Last Stand of the 300
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Cyrus the Great• Expanded Persia into the largest and most
successful of the Middle East empires.
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Greek City-States
• Greece pop’n ~ 600 000… • Persian Empire consisting of millions of
different people.
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Ionian Revolt
• 499 BCE – Greek colonists revolt • Athenians show up to help the Ionians and
burn the Persian city to the ground.
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Failed Revenge at Marathon
• Darius sends a fleet of 30 000 Persians to attack the Greeks.
• The Greeks form a defensive line and stand strong.
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Persian King Xerxes
• groomed to be a warrior king , for 10 years he planned his vengeful attack on Greece.
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The Battle of Thermopylae
• The battle that would determine the course of western civilization and the fate of democracy
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Land Battle
• At Thermopylae, a perfect battlefield for the Greeks, as it is a very narrow pass in which the army has to get through.
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Spartans & Athenians
• Spartan King – Leonidas –was the general in charge
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Naval Battle
• 200 Greek warships attempt to defend the strait, led by Themistocles…
• The Persian navy outnumbers them with 800 ships
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Persian Technology• Xerxes planned on walking his troops across a
body of water called the Hellespont – a mile wide strip of water
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Dual Attack
• Xerxes has marched nearly 300 000 men accompanied by 100 warships… in an attempt to sack Athens.
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Greek Weaponry
• The Hoplites primary weapon is the 2-4lb “dory” – a spear with an iron butt on its back end.
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Greek Weaponry
• The xiphos – sword made specifically for thrusting and hacking
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Greek Weaponry
• Hoplon –shield made from a concave piece of wood and covered in bronze – weighed about 20 pounds.
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Greek Weaponry
• Corinthian helmet –made from a single piece of bronze, offering maximum protection, but weighed about 10 pounds
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Greek Weaponry
• Lamellar armour –strips of heavy linen, leather all sewn together could withstand an arrow… not a spear thrust.
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Persian Weaponry
• Archers used Persian bows made of date palm wood.
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Day One• On land, 300 Spartans and their Greek allies
killed thousands of Persians by the end of the first day.
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Day One
• On water, 200 Greek warships vs 800 Persian ships
• Greek naval battles were about maneuvering the ships so you could ram and sink your enemy
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Day Two• The “Immortals” - on land, these “faceless
and mute” Persian strongmen also fail to defeat the Greek forces.
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Day Two
• Themistocles is still outnumbered 5 to 1, but the Greek triremes continue to destroy Persian warships