Melanie Archipley, Joy Dafoe, Ariel NolteMelanie Archipley, Joy Dafoe, Ariel Nolte

Western Civilizations Period 6Western Civilizations Period 6

April 2012April 2012

In the Beginning

Western Europe similar to modern boundaries Exception of Italy

Eastern Europe divided among four empires Second Reich Germany Austria-Hungary Turkish Ottoman Empire Russia

Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austro-Hungarian

throne, assassinated by Serbian terrorists in 1914

War officially begins five weeks later

*Stuff Hits the Fan

Alliances

Alliances

Entente Powers: United Kingdom, France, Russia

Central Powers: German Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

Italy part of Triple Alliance (pre-WWI), later joined Allies

Germany threatened by two-front war

“Big Three” of France, Britain, United States

reduced Germany territorially, militarily, financially

Wilson pushed to redefine boundaries based on language, individual people groups

Treaty of Versailles

The Mandate System

The Mandate System

Mandates territories distributed by Western powers

In theory: held until independent In practice: European colonies Treaties led to breaking up land, independence

of new nations Feelings of betrayal

Germany’s split was known as “East Prussia”

(via Treaty of Versailles) Both Italy, Germany reunified after splits Turkish Empire lost much land in Europe Nationalism = passion

Nationalism

In the End

Hapsburg Empire disappeared Italy, Poland, Romania gained territory Ottoman Empire broken up Russian Empire lost land Germany split in two, lost all overseas colonies Eastern Europe: gained new nations Finland,

Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Turkey

In the End