great scientists unit 1. expert attend physician expose cure challenge adj. 熟练的 ;...
TRANSCRIPT
Great scientists
Unit 1
expert
attend physician
exposecure
challenge
adj. 熟练的 ; 经验丰富的n. 专家 ; 行家vt. 照顾 ; 出席 ; 参加n. 医生;内科医师vt. 暴露 ; 揭露 ; 使曝光n. 治愈;痊愈vt. 治愈;治疗n. 挑战vt. 向……挑战
Words preview
victimabsorbsuspect
enquiry neighbourhood severe
pump
n. 受害者vt. 吸收 ; 吸引 ; 使专心vt. 怀疑n. 被怀疑者 ; 嫌疑犯n. 询问n. 附近 ; 邻近adj. 严重的 ; 严厉的n. 泵 ; 抽水机vt. ( 用泵 ) 抽 ( 水 )
Words preview
foresee blame
pollute handle
linkannounce
instruct
vt. 预见 ; 预知vt. 责备 ; 谴责n. 过失 ; 责备vt. 污染 ; 弄脏 n. 柄 ; 把手vt. 处理 ; 操纵vt. & n. 连接;联系vt. 宣布 ; 通告vt. 命令 ; 指示 ; 教导
Words preview
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS
“KING CHOLERA”
Reading
Skimming to get
general ideas
Reading Tips
在阅读每个段落时,要注意综合运用略读 (skimming)
与扫读 (scanning) 这两种方法。
After reading the passage,
match the following stages
with the paragraphs.
Skimming
Reading Comprehension I
Stages• Draw a conclusion
• Think of a method
• Collect results
• Make a question
• Find a problem
• Analyze the results
• Find supporting evidence
Para. Stages in an experiment
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Find a problem
Make a question
Think of a method
Collect results
Analyse the results
Draw a conclusionFind supporting evidence
Paragraphs & Stages
First we should find the problem. Then, think of a method. We should collect as much information as possible. Analyzing results is the most important stage. Before we make a conclusion, it is necessary for us to find supporting evidence.
Summary
Skimming
Reading Comprehension II
What’s the main idea of the passage?A. John Snow was a well-known doctor in London.B. The cause of Cholera was polluted water.C. The source of all drinking water should be examined.D. How John Snow collected, analysed data and found the cause of the disease and defeated the disease.
Careful reading to solve
difficult points
1. attend v.
(1) to take care; give attention
注意;留意 如 :We’ll attend to the solution of that
problem later.
(2) to take good care of (a sick person, for
example) 照看;照料 如 :
The doctor attended the patients.医生照看病人。
attend school 上学 attend a lecture 听讲座 attend church 去教堂 attend (at) a wedding 出席婚礼
(3) to be present at 出席 ; 到场 如 :
2. exposed adj. 暴露的; 无掩蔽的
expose to 使易受 ; 使受 expose sth to the light of day
把某事暴露于光天化日之下expose a fraud 揭穿骗局
exposedness n. 暴露;显露
3. absorb v. (1) 吸收 ( 液体 ); 承受 ; 承担
我们不能承担这些费用。We’ll not absorb these charges.
(2) 使专心;使全神贯注
作家全神贯注地进行写作,忘了弹去雪茄烟的烟灰。
The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
We were ready to take the blame for what had happened.
4. blame v. 责备 ; 谴责The driver was not to blame for the ac
cident.
这次事故怪不着司机。n. 过失 ; 责备
我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
Fingerprints linked the suspect to the crime.
指纹证实了嫌疑犯的犯罪事实。
5. linked to 把……与……连接 ; 联系
be linked to 连接The two towns are linked by a railway.
Find out the main idea of each paragraph:John Snow wanted to use his knowledge to solve cholera.He got interested in two theories explaining.He needed to prove the second theory was correct.He found out that dirty water wasthe cause of cholera.
Para. 1
Para. 2
Para. 3
Para. 4
Para. 5
Para. 6
Polluted water carried the disease.
Finally “King Cholera” was defeated.
Scanning to get
detail information
Read the passage and number these
events in the order that they happened.
___ John Snow began to test two theories.
___ An outbreak of cholera hit London in
1854.
___ John Snow marked the deaths on a
map.
Scanning
Reading Comprehension III
___ He announced that the water carried the disease.___ John Snow investigated two streets where the outbreak was very severe.___ King Cholera was defeated.___ He found that most of the deaths were near a water pump.___ He had the handle removed from the water pump.
Answer: 2 1 4 7 3 8 5 6
Scanning
Reading Comprehension IV
1. Why couldn’t the cholera be controlled at first? A. Its speed of spreading was so fast. B. Its cause wasn’t understood C. Its cure wasn’t understood. D. Both B. & C.2. How many people died in 10 days? A. Less than 500. B. More than 500. C. More than 450. D. Less than 450.
Answer these questions.
1 John Snow believed Idea 2 was right. How did he finally prove it?
2 Do you think John Snow would have solved this problem without the map? Give a reason.3 Cholera was a 19th century disease.
What disease do you think is similar to cholera today?
Scanning
Reading Comprehension V
What should you do if you're travelling
to a country that has a cholera
outbreak? Drink only water that you have boiled.
Other safe drinks include tea or coffee
made with boiled water, bottled
beverages with no ice.
Discussion
Eat only food that's been thoroughly cooked and is still hot, or fruit that you've peeled yourself. Avoid undercooked or raw fish and shellfish. Avoid raw salads and vegetables.
Avoid food and drinks from street
vendors. TIPS
1. The Town Hall ______ in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time. (2007 上海卷 ) A. to be completed B. having been completed C. completed D. being completed
2. At the beginning of class, the noise
of desks ____ could be heard outside
the classroom. (2007 全国 II 卷 )
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close
3. Please remain ______; the winner
of the prize will be announced soon.
(2008 辽宁卷 )
A. seating
B. seated
C. to seat
D. to be seated
Homework
1. Read the text again and
underline some important
phrases and difficult sentences.
2. Find more information about
John Snow and cholera.