Grazing News Iowa State University Department of Animal Science Equine Science Newsletter & Updates September 2011

In This Issue

Iowa State Fair 4-H Horse Show Championship Results

Total Mixed Ration Balancing

Management of the Equine Environment

Master Equine Manager 1

Equine Business Management Seminar

Iowa Horse Judges Certification Clinic

Ring Steward Workshop

Western Pleasure Clinic

Equine Health Care Symposium

Reducing Hay Waste

EMS and Ponies

News from Practical Farmers of Iowa

Equine Infectious Anemia

Mid- to Late- August Hay Prices

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Equine Science 4-H Horse and Pony Iowa Horse Youth ISU Equine Extension Master Equine Manager Veterinary Clinical Sciences Ag Decision Maker ISU Extension Publications eXtension HorseQuest

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Below is new and updated information from Iowa State University Equine Science. If you have questions or comments about this message or the content listed herein, please contact me. Peggy M. Auwerda Iowa State University Extension & Outreach Horse Specialist E-mail: peggy@iastate.edu Phone: 515-294-5260

Upcoming Events

Management of the Equine Environment - Oct. 1st

Master Equine Manager 1 - Starts Oct. 6th

Equine Business Management - Oct. 29th

Iowa Horse Judges Certification Clinic - Nov. 5th

Iowa 4-H Horse Judging Contest - Nov. 5th

Ring Steward's Workshop - Nov. 6th

Western Pleasure Clinic - Nov. 6th

IOWA STATE FAIR 4-H HORSE SHOW CHAMPIONSHIP RESULTS

Youth from across the state competed in the 4-H Horse and Pony competition judged August 9 through 11 as part of the 2011 Iowa State Fair. Congratulations to the Champions Pony Showmanship: Champion: Amy Turner, Knoxville, Reserve Champion: Laramie Sproles, Corning Light Horse Junior Showmanship: Champion: Kourtney Condon, Barnum, Reserve Champion: Cara Klyn, Grinnell Light Horse Senior Championship: Champion: Kaitlyn Cedar, Cherokee, Reserve Champion: Logan De Graaf, Otley Pony Pleasure: Champion: Sierra McCullough, Knoxville, Reserve Champion: Cheyenne Flory, Ainsworth Hunter Under Saddle: Champion: Jessica Ackerson, Indianola, Reserve Champion: Katie Bergdale, Sioux City Hunt Seat Equitation: Champion: Katie Bergdale, Sioux City, Reserve Champion: Kaitlyn Canedo, Mason City Saddleseat Pleasure: Champion: Kristine Nizzi, Granger Ranch Horse Western Pleasure: Champion: Jessica Hanrahan, Prole. Reserve Champion: Zane Peters, Winterset Western Pleasure Junior Championship: Champion: Taylor Roth, Mt. Pleasant, Reserve Champion: Deven Heitland, Sheffield Western Pleasure Senior Championship: Champion: Amber Hammes, Ankeny, Reserve Champion: Samantha Foster, Sioux Center Western Horsemanship Junior Championship: Champion: Cheyanne Hunt, Wapello, Reserve Champion: Kayla Carolan, Cedar Falls Western Horsemanship Senior Championship: Champion: Katie Bergdale, Sioux City, Reserve Champion: Jessica Taylor, Granger Pole Bending: Champion: Camy Gheer, Centerville, Reserve Champion: Tierney Reiste, Linden Barrel Racing: Champion: Riata Snyder, Adel, Reserve Champion: Jessica Biggs, Rockford Reining: Champion: Brittany Weber, Mableton, Reserve Champion: Brittany Snow, Lineville Trail: Champion: Jessica Taylor, Granger, Reserve Champion: Leah Ellensohn, Le Mars

__________________________________________________________________________________ THANK YOU CHAMPIONSHIP CLASS SPONSORS

Pony Showmanship and Barrel Racing - Horseman's Protection Benevolent Association

Pony Pleasure - Apples n' Oats

Light Horse Junior and Senior Showmanship - Rob and Suzy Bohncask

Hunter Under Saddle - Dr. Dixon Appel from Pheasant Ridge Equine Clinic

Hunt Seat Equitation - Susan Knapp

Saddle Seat Pleasure - The O'Rourke Family

Saddle Seat Equitation - The O'Rourke Family

Light Horse Junior and Senior Western Pleasure - Marv and Judy Perry

Light Horse Junior Horsemanship - My Horse Vetlink

Light Horse Senior Horsemanship - Missy Merwald

Ranch Horse Pleasure - Vernon and Corrine Bancroft

Pole Bending - Working Horse Magazine

Trail - Junior Exhibitor - Glen and Bev Rowe

Trail - Intermediate and Senior Exibitor - Becky Merrill

Total Mixed Ration Balancing by Peggy Miller-Auwerda Iowa Extension and Outreach Horse Specialist The term total mixed ration (TMR) is used interchangeably with complete feeds. Such rations are prepared by mixing together, in measured proportions, the feed ingredients required to furnish all the nutrients and other dietary factors needed in a particular ration. This means that the roughage and the grain ingredients, including the protein, mineral, and

vitamin supplements, and other additives are all fed as one mixture. Everything that is eaten within 24 hours should be considered when evaluating the TMR for a horse. An important factor for TMR is to know how much you are feeding. If you do not have a feed scale you can weigh your hay and grain with a bathroom scale. Total feed intake/day, hay plus grain is determined by your horse's body capacity or size. To determine calories needed/day: evaluate the body condition score and how many pounds/day of hay and/or a grain mixture is necessary to maintain this score. The program will account for calorie needs for maintaining, increasing or decreasing the body condition score. The first and most important ingredient to look at is energy or calories. If the horse is maintaining its weight, the calorie needs are met. If a horse is thin or losing weight the calories are too low or if a horse is overweight the calories are too high. Then other nutrients such as protein, minerals and vitamins should be evaluated to see if they may be too high or inadequate resulting in an unbalanced diet. The program is set up to determine if any nutrient is needed or is too high. It can be used for calories (digestible energy), protein, amino acids, fat, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and fatty acids. One can look at the ration to see if it contains appropriate proportions of the principle nutritional components for a specific class of horse. The classes of horses include maintenance, senior, growing, gestating, lactating, stallions and performance horses. Roughages are very important for the horse as they decrease the risk of metabolic disorders such as colic and laminitis. As a rule of thumb at least 1 pound of hay per day for every 100 pounds body weight of the horse should be fed. This means that a 1,000-pound horse would be fed about 10 pounds of hay per day. A horse at maintenance (mature, idle and in good condition) can be fed excellent hay at around 2 pounds per 100 pounds of body weight and may be fine without adding grain. Growing, performance horses, gestating mares during late pregnancy and mares during lactation need grain and other concentrates in addition to the roughage Reasons for Developing Complete Rations

Rations can be precisely balanced so that each bite is nutritionally adequate for a particular class of horse.

The roughage-to-grain ratio can be varied to regulate nutrient intake. For example as a horse declines in milk production during lactation, the roughage level can be increased to avoid excessive intake resulting in a fat mare.

The frequent consumption of small amounts of ration helps maintain a more stable hind-gut environment, including pH, thus decreasing metabolic disorders. This is especially helpful when high starch (grain) rations are fed. When the hind-gut receives the common grain rations in only two large meals daily, the hind-gut pH drops, fiber digestibility is reduced, and the horses may go off feed and suffer other adverse effects.

Complete ration preparations permit use of certain ingredients and higher levels of ingredients that may otherwise have undesirable qualities related to physical form or palatability.

Horse feeding management recommendations

Feed a balanced ration. Don't supplement balanced rations or dilute balanced rations:

Many commercial feeds are formulated to meet the requirements of specific classes of horses. Many horse owners top dress their feed with vitamins, minerals, etc. or cut their commercial feed with corn or oats. This practice can cause serious nutrient imbalances and toxicity problems

Feed good quality feeds.

Growing horses and lactating mares should be fed higher protein and mineral rations

Regulate hay-to-grain ratio to control condition in adult horses.

Minimize fines in a prepared ration.

Provide feed on a regular basis

Feed confined horses at least twice daily. If horses are working hard and consuming a lot of grain, feed three times per day.

Feed half the hay allowance at night when horses have more time to eat and digest it.

Keep fresh water and salt always available. Feed salt separately, free-choice.

Never feed moldy or dusty hay or feed.

Allow horses one hour to digest meal before exercise.

Do not give grain or a lot of water to a hot horse. However, sips of water are good after exercise.

Encourage aggressive horses to eat slowly.

Feed at least 1 pound of hay per day for every 100 pounds body weight of the horse should be fed

Feed by weight, not volume. Standard volumes of feedstuffs do not weigh the same. A 3 lb. coffee can of 32 lb.

/bu. of oats weighs 2.5 lbs., of 38 lb. /bu. oats weighs 4.0 lbs., and corn or pellets weighs 5 lbs. The average flake of hay weighs between 4-6 lbs. However, a flake of grass hay may appear twice as large as a flake of alfalfa hay, but the grass hay may weigh the same or less.

Keep teeth functional.

Feed according to the individuality of horse. Some horses are hard keepers and need more feed per-unit of body weight.

Avoid sudden changes in rations. When changing from a low-grain, high-fiber ration to a high-grain, low fiber diet change gradually over a period of a week or more.

Horses on pasture should be started on dry feed gradually. Increase the feed to the desired amount in a week to 10 days.

Management of the Equine Environment Saturday, October 1st 8:30 am - 4:30 pm

For More Information: Dr. Peggy M. Auwerda, 119 Kildee, ISU, Ames, IA 50011. 515-294-5260

Email: peggy@iastate.edu

Master Equine Manager 1 Certificate Program Starts October 6th

The Iowa State University Extension (ISUE) Master Equine Manager Program is designed to provide applicable information to the horse owner on horse care and management. The program consists of six 2-hour internet sessions which includes behavior, nutrition, pasture management, facilities, equipment, selection and evaluation, diseases, parasites and hoof care. A two-day hands-on skill development session coincides with the on-line program. The hand-on sessions covers forages, feeds, health care, hoof care, facilities, selection and behavior. For the total program you will receive 24 hours of equine science and management. The on-line portion of the program will be held Thursday evenings from 6 to 8 pm starting October 6th. The two-day hands-on activities will be held November 11th & 12th.

Benefits and Opportunities for the Certified Master Equine Manager

Receive 24 hours quality instruction from ISU professors and instructors

Promote quality horse care and responsible horse ownership.

Conduct training clinics and workshops for youth and adults.

Manage or assist with horse events, shows, trail rides or judging activities.

Participate in horse organizations with public education programs.

Develop new skills to enhance employment opportunities within the industry.

Secure web access on Moodle to numerous equine references pertaining to each subject matter.

Receive instruction and certification from Iowa State University.

Permanent Master Equine Manager name badge For more information go to http://www.extension.iastate.edu/masterequine

Looking for Parasites

Equine Business Management Seminar October 29th 8:30 - 3:30

The ISU Equine Business Management Short Course is designed to assist producers in the starting and running of an equine enterprise. The program will cover a variety of items that should be considered before you launch your equine enterprise as well as guidelines for those already running an equine business. Also, key marketing points will be discussed that will allow for success in targeting your business among a diverse group of audiences. Presentations are recorded. Schedule

8:30 Registration

8:45 Introduction

9:00 The IRS and Horse Businesses Richard B. Dicks

Equinomics

www.equinomics101.com

10:00 Starting a Business & Horse Entities Richard B. Dicks

Equinomics

11:00 Insurance for the farm and the horse Wade Ellerbroek

Ellerbroek and Associates

www.ellerbroekandassoc.com

12:00 Lunch

1:00 Managing Equine Liability Rachel Kosmal McCart

Equine Legal Solutions, Inc

www.equinelegalsolutions.com/index.html

2:15 Promotion, Marketing and

Advertising - A key to a successful

business

Approved for Master Equine Manager Level 2 Certification

This course is entirely online, so no travel to Iowa State is required. You can attend the "live" program at ISU. This course is open to all individuals. The program is targeted toward equine business managers, horse

owners, trainers, breeders, veterinary technicians, and individuals with an interest in horses.

Equine Business Management Registration

Iowa Horse Judges Certification Clinic November 5th

DO YOU DESIRE TO?

Become a Registered Iowa Horse Show Judge

Have Your Name Sent to All County Extension Offices as a potential Horse Show Judge

Learn the Basics of Horse Show Judging

Improve Your Judging Skills THEN ATTEND THE CLINIC

The Certification Clinic is designed to provide high quality training for judges working with 4-H youth, individuals who are, or aspire to be, horse show judges obtain practical "hands on" experience in judging horse classes.

Participating judges will have an opportunity to judge 8-10 conformation and performance classes.

Adult individuals successfully completing the clinic & a written examination will be included in the Horse Show Judges list that is distributed to county extension offices and open horse show organizations.

The clinic will be held at Ellsworth Community College Equestrian Center, Iowa Falls.

For information on becoming an Iowa approved 4-H/open horse show judge go to Iowa Horse Judges and Ring Steward Homepageor contact Dr. Peggy Auwerda, 119 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, Tel 515-294-5260, Fax 515-294-0018, E-mail peggy@iastate.edu

Ring Steward Workshop November 6th

The best way to learn what is required of a horse show judge is to serve as a ring steward. The Ring Steward is an important individual in running a successful horse show. The Ring Steward works very closely with show management and the judge of the day to run the show in an efficient, timely manner that encourages exhibitor participation and spectator interest. This course will provide training for you to be an informed and competent Ring Steward. You will learn how to scribe scored classes including reining, western riding, trail, etc.. For information on becoming a certified Ring Steward go to Iowa Horse Judges and Ring Steward Workshop or contact Dr. Peggy Auwerda, 119 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, Tel 515-294-5260, Fax 515-294-0018, E-mail peggy@iastate.edu

Sponsored in part by Iowa Quarter Horse Association

Western Pleasure Clinic Clinician - Mitch Adkins November 6th

In partnership with ISU Equine Extension, Ellsworth Equestrian Center, and Purina Mills, we invite you to join us for a western pleasure clinic featuring Mitch Adkins and learn tips and techniques for training, preparing, and showing your western pleasure horse. For information on the clinic go to Western Pleasure Clinic Mitch Adkins is an accomplished western pleasure trainer that trains out of his facility outside of Boone, Iowa. Mitch has worked with everything from yearlings training for longe line futurity classes to starting and finishing 2-3 year old western pleasure futurity horses. He has worked with customers of all ages and also crossed over into buckskin, palomino and paint shows. Mitch has won multiple champion and reserve champions at futurities and shows such as the Reichert Pleasure Celebration, NSBA World Show, Palomino World Show, Buckskin World Show, Southern Belle, The Silver Classic (Nebraska) and Iowa Futurity. Mitch enjoys the challenges of starting colts and celebrating their success as they go on to become great show horses If you want to learn the basics of western pleasure, this clinic is for you. The clinic will improve our horse's riding relationship with you. Learn how to encourage your horse to stay focused and thinking during a riding session. And most of all you will learn techniques for showing in western pleasure. The one-on-one training particpants receive is tailored to each individuals needs. Limited enrollment for riders. Auditors are free.

Equine Health Care Symposium

Reducing Hay Waste My Horse University

Reducing Hay Waste

Register for the Webcast Date: September 27, 2011 Speaker: Dr. Krishona Martinson | University of Minnesota Presentation Summary: Reducing hay waste starts with buying quality hay and proper storage. However, waste can also be reduced though feeding management and careful selection of a feeder. New research on hay waste and economics of nine unique round bale feeders will also be discussed.

Presenter Information: Dr. Martinson received her BS from the University of Wisconsin-River Falls and her Masters and PhD from the University of Minnesota. She has worked for the University of Minnesota since 2001, and is currently the Equine Extension Specialist in the Animal Science Department. Her specializations include pasture management, weed control, poisonous plants, and forage utilization and her research focuses on optimizing equine forage utilization.

EMS and Ponies

My Horse University

Register for the Webcast Date: October 18, 2011 | 7PM EDT Speaker: Dr. Nicholas Frank | Tufts University Presentation Summary: This Webcast is the sixth in a series offered with the University of Minnesota titled "Equine Genetics: A New Diagnostic Resource for Horse Owners," and is funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Research Initiative. The presentation will focus on Equine Metabolic Syndrome in ponies. More details coming soon. Presenter Information: Dr. Nicholas Frank is a Professor and Chair of the Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University.

News from Practical Farmers of Iowa

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Contact: Ann Seuferer | Practical Farmers of Iowa | 515.232.5661 | ann@practicalfarmers.org Sally Worley | Practical Farmers of Iowa | 515.232.5661 | sally@practicalfarmers.org Beginning farmers receive up to$2,400 through Savings Incentive Program Practical Farmers of Iowa is accepting applications now Ames, Iowa - Practical Farmers of Iowa has opened a new round of applications for the Savings Incentive Program. Beginning farmers can apply now for an opportunity to save money and receive matching funds while learning how to build a profitable farm. Money saved (up to $2,400) will be matched after completing the two-year program. Applications will be accepted now through October 14, 2011. Applications can be down loaded online from PFI's website www.practicalfarmers.org or call 515.232.5661 to receive a copy in the mail. Developing the next generation of farmers who use ecologically sound and community-enhancing approaches to agriculture is a top priority for Practical Farmers of Iowa, and the Savings Incentive Program aims to equip these farmers with the tools they need to succeed. The Program works by encouraging beginning farmers to save approximately $100 each month for two years. After two years and completion of all program requirements, PFI will match their savings dollar for dollar so the beginning farmer could have up to $4800 to put toward a productive farm asset (land, machinery or livestock). Meanwhile, enrollees will create or fine tune a business plan and participate in programming to help their farm succeed. A review panel of five PFI members will evaluate and rank applications. Last year 10 farmers were selected to participate in the Savings Incentive Program. This year, 24 beginning farms will be chosen; an additional 66 farmers will be accepted between 2012 - 2014 . Eligible applicants must be: Farming now and have farmed for five or fewer years, Residents of Iowa or farming in the state, and Members of Practical Farmers of Iowa. (If they are not currently members, candidates can join for only $35 at

www.practicalfarmers.org or by calling 515.232.5661.) Savings Incentive Program enrollees will be required to: Open a separate savings account and make regular Savings Incentive Program deposits to this account, Attend at least four PFI events per year (online, on-farm, or in person), Meet with a farmer mentor three times in the first year, Complete and maintain a business/whole farm plan over two years, and check in quarterly with a member of PFI staff or business plan consultant of their choice to keep on track with goals they have defined. Make a difference for the future of farming. If you would like to donate to the Savings Incentive Program, please do so online at www.practicalfarmers.org. If you have questions about the Savings Incentive Program application process, please contact PFI Next Generation Director Sally Worley at 515.232.5661, sally@practicalfarmers.org. Founded in 1985, Practical Farmers of Iowa is an open, supportive and diverse organization of farmers and friends of farmers, advancing profitable, ecologically sound and community-enhancing approaches to agriculture through farmer-to-farmer networking, farmer-led investigation and information sharing. Farmers in our network produce corn, soybeans, beef cattle, hay, fruits and vegetables, and more. For additional information, call 515.232.5661 or visit www.practicalfarmers.org. Ann Seuferer Communications Director Practical Farmers of Iowa 137 Lynn Ave., Suite 200 Ames, IA 50014 515.232.5661 (w) 515.490.2720 (c) www.practicalfarmers.org

Equine Infectious Anemia by Lacey Kurth Senior, Department of Animal Science

Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA) is an infectious viral disease which affects only horses, ponies, mules and donkeys, and has been known to have devastating effects on the equine industry. EIA is found worldwide and with two reported cases in Missouri only 3 months ago, it is very certain that this virus is alive and readily transmitted. Unfortunately, we have not yet created a vaccine to aid in the prevention or protection of this condition. EIA is transmitted by biting flies, such as stable flies, horse flies and deer flies. It has been found that transmission is much more common in higher temperatures and/or swampy regions where fly eggs are harvested. Females of these species require a meal of blood in order to reproduce. To do this, they must bite their prey (horses, mules, ponies, etc.), which is quite painful to the animal. A majority of the time the fly will be unsuccessful in her attempt to feed and will be interrupted, forcing her to relocate to a different animal. When this happens, blood from the previous animal will then be transmitted to the second animal. The virus can only survive up to 4 hours in the carrier so it is imperative that it be transferred quickly if the disease is to continue. EIA is also transmitted via mechanical tools such as needles, surgical instruments or even hoof knives that may have been used on an infected animal and then used on a healthy animal. Incubation period is anywhere from one to three weeks, therefore, signs and symptoms may not be immediately apparent. When symptoms do arise they may not always be 100% apparent. Signs are extremely nonspecific and mild cases have been known to consist of only a 24 hour long fever. However, severe cases may arise which consist of: edema, weakness, bloody feces, anemia, jaundice and even death. If a horse survives an acute round of EIA they may continue to carry the virus, but will show no signs or symptoms. Weight loss, intermittent fever and edema should

all be good clues to get a veterinarian called and let them know you suspect a case of Equine Infectious Anemia. These three symptoms can also be symptoms of other conditions such as Influenza or Equine Encephalitis, but all of these conditions should be taken seriously and medical attention should be called upon. Diagnosis is accomplished one of two different ways. Two serologic diagnostic tests, the Coggins agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGID) and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) are recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) as valid and reliable for the diagnosis of EIA. However, the Coggins AGID test is considered the international standard for diagnosis of the disease, with an accuracy rating of at least 95%. Coggins test are very common and are required when selling a horse or when crossing state lines. Unfortunately, if your horse tests positive for Equine Infectious Anemia your options are limited. The most common choice made is euthanasia. Once a horse is infected with EIA it is always infected and will pass the virus on to any horse it comes in contact with. Quarantining is also an option, but the horse will live a full lifetime of strict isolation. This involves sending the animal to a recognized research facility, branding the horse and quarantining at least 200 yards away from other horses. The Florida Research Institute for Equine Nurturing, Development and Safety (FRIENDS) is one of the largest quarantine facilities in the United States and is located in Florida. Aside from this facility there are not many facilities capable of providing the proper quarantines and care that these animals need. Having said this, it is clear that the most practical option become euthanasia. Prevention is tricky when dealing with "Swamp Fever". The virus is so easily spread, yet so unrecognizable. Since there are no vaccines for EIA it is important that you surround your horse with healthy "pasture pals". Make sure all horses associated with your own have been tested negative for EIA and have your horse tested often. Unfortunately, this is the best form of protection. Fly masks, sheets and bug spray can also aid in preventing your horse from becoming a "reactor", or infected animal, but it will not prevent the transmission via other infected horses. Although not "contagious", EIA is very infectious and should be taken seriously. By obtaining a better understanding of the biological risks of the virus and its transmission, applying our knowledge and aiding in the development of risk management, Equine Infectious Anemia could be controlled. Education is vital for horse owners. We must understand the virus, know how to protect against it and know what to do in the case of an outbreak. Much research is currently being conducted in hopes for developing a vaccine for EIA. By implementing proper health practices and a potential vaccine, there is hope that the horse industry will find solutions to viruses such as Equine Infectious Anemia. Works Cited "Two Cases of Equine Infectious Anemia Confirmed in Missouri." January 27, 2011. Horse City. http://www.horsechannel.com/horse-news/2011/01/27/equine-infectious-anemia-missouri.aspx "Equine Infectious Anemia"August 2, 2005. The Center For Food Security And Public Health. http://www.ivis.org/advances/Disease_Factsheets/equine_infectious_anemia.pdf Lee, Lisa. "Equine Infectious Anemia". September 2000. North Dakota State University. http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/pubs/ansci/horse/v1195w.htm "Equine Infectious Anemia Virus". January 2008. APHIS Veterinary Services. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/animal_diseases/eia/ On www.TheHorse.com Forty horses from one Clarksville, Ark., farm have died or been euthanized after testing positive for equine infectious anemia (EIA), according to Arkansas State Veterinarian George Pat Badley, DVM Read More

Mid- to Late- August Hay Prices

by Steve Barnhart Department of Agronomy Iowa State University

These are hay prices paid at auction in the recent past weeks. Much of the price information is obtained from USDA Hay Market News. Personal contacts of local Iowa hay auctions secured price information for these market outlets. Auctions were chosen to reflect prices across Iowa. Other nearby auctions may exist. No endorsement of the listed auctions is intended. For Further Information Click Here

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