graywater municipal garden: model for utilisation of...

Graywater Municipal Garden: Model for Utilisation of recycled water for non-potable use.

Jayshree Gawandalkar Roll No : 5

Introduction:

Graywater Municipal Garden: Model for Utilisation of Recycled Water for Non-potable use. - Jayshree Gawandalkar

Source: Author Source: http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/l-g-forms-a-group-of-experts-to-tackle-water-problem-in-delhi, http://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/photo/mumbai-india-royalty-free-image/17918025

City of Mumbai

• Rapid rate of urbanisation. • Thoughtful planning is one

way to decongest the city.

Inadequate Water

Supply

• Present supply of 4350 MLD • Demand of 9480 MLD • Increase in demand

supply gap • Source:(Rode,2008,Public Private

Partnership I in Drinking Water

Supply of Greater Mumbai)

Sewage Generation &

Treatment

• Generated 2400 MLD • Treated 1700 MLD in 2009

Source:(Central Pollution Control Board,

Dec 2009)(Central Public Health And

Environment Engineering Organisation,

2013)

Need for Sustainable

Water Management

• Decentralisation of

wastewater treatment is one way.

Why Graywater?

• Domestic Wastewater

consists of 65% of graywater (150 LCPD/ 230 LCPD)

• Treatment requires simple technology and less capital. (Source: Diener, 2006)

Solution

• Open spaces can be used

for implementation of wastewater treatment systems at neighbourhood level.

http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/l-g-forms-a-group-of-experts-to-tackle-water-problem-in-delhi


























http://www.gettyimages.ca/detail/photo/mumbai-india-royalty-free-image/179180295










Aim & Objective:

Objectives:

1. To study the present water supply and wastewater treatment scenario of

Mumbai.

2. To Study the different natural and non-mechanical technologies used in

the treatment of domestic graywater that can be effectively made to work

in a Municipal Garden.

3. To evaluate the technologies on the basis of its environmental,

economic and the social indicators.

4. To evaluate the feasibility of Graywater treatment system for existing and

proposed Municipal Garden.


Aim:

To suggest a Decentralized Graywater treatment Model using appropriate

Technologies for reuse of recycled wastewater for non-potable use in a

Municipal Garden.

Scope & Delimitation:

Scope:

- Research focuses on Urban domestic Graywater.

- Research discusses only the reuse of treated Graywater for Irrigation in a

Municipal Garden.

- Proven natural technologies implemented in India have been studied in

the research

Delimitations:

Study Area : Municipal Gardens of only ‘P’&’R’ ward.


Methodology:


To study Present Water supply & Wastewater treatment scenario in Mumbai.

natural and non-mechanical wastewater treatment systems.

To suggest a Graywater Municipal garden model for the utilisation of recycled graywater for non-potable

Selection of a sample, Municipal Garden.

Quantification of graywater generated from the adjacent cluster of buildings &

Irrigation water required for the selected garden.

To Analyse the Environmental and Cost Benefits of application of the system.

To Formulate design parameters with respect to the Environmental, Economic & Social Indicators.

Data Collection :


Stage 1 :Survey of existing Municipal Gardens

To help understand the water source of irrigation water to these gardens and to

analyse the under utilised spaces in the garden which can be put to use for

installing wastewater treatment systems.

Stage 2 : Conducting case studies of different wastewater

treatment systems.

To help understand the various wastewater treatment systems in use with its

working system along with the systems requirement for installation.

Tukaram Ombale Udyan

Total Area: 17980 sq. mts

Approx. area which can be put to use: 6125 sq. mts

Source of water for irrigation: Tanker water

Quantity of water required for irrigation: 8.5 KLD

Graywater put to use = total water saving : 8.5 KLD

Panchsheel Joggers park



Source of water for irrigation: Borewell



Data Collection : Stage 1: Survey of Municipal Gardens

S.P. Mukherji Udyan



Source of water for irrigation: Tanker water



MAIN ENTRY

LAWNLAWN

NOT IN USE

WATER POND

ASUPALAV

TREES

SEATING

SEATING

SEATING

SEATING

AMPHITHEATRE

BLDG NO. 1

BLDG NO. 2

BLDG NO. 3

CHANDAVARKAR LANE - TO BORIVALI STATION

LAWN

TREE

PLANTATION

COCONUT

PLANTATION

ENTRY FOR

TANKER

MAIN ENTRY

PLAY AREA

UNDERGROUND

WATER TANK

PLAYGROUND

1 2

M

. W

I D

E

L I N

K

R O

A D

TANKER

WATER FOR

LANDSCAPING

BLDG NO. 1

BLDG NO. 2

BLDG NO. 3

BLDG NO. 4

BLDG NO. 5BLDG NO. 6

PLAY AREA

SEATING AREA

WITH BENCHES

DRINKING

WATER TANK

( SINTEX)

BOREWELL

WATER FOR

LANDSCAPING LAWN

ENTRY

YOGAAREA

COVEREDSEATING

NONFUNCTIONAL

FOUNTAIN

SEATING AREA

WITH BENCHES

DRINKINGW

ATER &TOILET

LAWN

LAWN


Case study # 5: Constructed Wetlands at

Residential schools in Madhya

Pradesh

Treated water used for

flushing, cleaning of floors and

irrigation of crops

Case study # 4: Soil Scape Filter

technology at

Pune Residence

Treated water

used for irrigation

of residence

garden.

Case study # 3: Soil Biotechnology at

Naval housing colony

( Kanjurmarg)

Treated water used

for maintaining the

green areas

Case study # 2: Phytorid treatment

system at Neeri

Campus ( Worli)


Irrigation of

landscaping,

Car-wash, Cleaning of

parking area

Case study # 1: Electro-Coagulation

Method at Van Vihaar

(Borivali)


irrigation of Garden

Electrocoagulation.pptx

Data Collection : Stage 2 : Case studies of 5 Different Treatment systems


TREATED WATER

STORAGE TANK

I N

S

T

I T

U

T

E

PRIMARY

CHAMBER

pyhtorid

TREATED WATER

FOR IRRIGATION

BIOREACTOR

TREATED WATER

STORAGE TANK

WASTEWATERSTORAGE TANK

CLU

STER

OF

7 R

ESI

DEN

TIA

LB

UIL

DIN

GS

TO

AC

HIE

VE T

HE D

ESI

RED

QU

ALIT

Y O

F W

AT

ER

TR

EN

CH

SEC

TIO

N

300–400 mm thick soil containing

native microflora, geophagous

worms and minerals.

5–10 mm thick layer of fine river

sand

100 mm thick layer of coarse

sand with particle size 5 mm

100 mm thick layer of stone

particles of size 25 mm

250 mm thick layer of

stones of size 100 mm

screening

under

drain

Source: Author

R O A D

CONTROLPANEL

IONIZER

ELECTRO-PROCESSOR

SAND

FILTER

ACF

CARBONFILTER

BRINETANK

TANK # 3

TANK # 2

TANK # 1

PUMP

SEWAGE

TO TANK

# 1

PUMPTO GARDEN

FOR

IRRIGATION

COLLECTION/

HOLDING TANK

SOIL SCAPEFILTER

TREATEDWATER

TREATEDWATERTANK WITHGAMBUSIA

EQUALIZATIONTANK

GRAVEL (15-25MM)

WETLAND

FOR IRRIGATION

RESIDENT

SCHOOL OF

GANGANAGAR

ASHRAM SCHOOL GRAVEL (8-15MM)

COARSE SAND

(1-1.4 MM)

CHARCOAL

CHLORINATION

CLEANING FLOORSTOILET FLUSHING

FIL

TER

TREATED

GRAYWATER

ELECTROCOAGULATION.pptx















Electrocoagulation.pptx


Data Analysis:


Stage 1 : Comparative of 5 Wastewater treatment systems

To help analyse environmental, Economic and social parameters

Stage 2 : Analysis of interview results

To help Understand peoples perspective towards wastewater treatment

installations in public places at neighbourhood level

Data Analysis: Stage 1: Comparative Analysis of wastewater treatment systems

Environmental Indicators Environmental parameters.pptx

Performance

SBT, E

Required Retention period

E, SSF

Use of chemicals in the process.

P, SBT, SSF, CW

Carbon footprint of the system.

P, SBT, SSF, CW

-

-

-

E - Electrocoagulation treatment system , P -Phytorid treatment system, SBT- Soil Biotechnology treatment system, SSF -Soil

Scape Filter treatment system, CW -Constructed Wetland.


Phytorid treatment system and Soil scape filter technology outscored the other systems & Phytorid system was chosen as its

installation and maintenance cost is lower than the Soil scape filter technology.

Source: Author

Economic Indicators Economic parameters.pptx

Installation Cost

SBT, P

Operation & Maintenance Cost.

CW, P

Land requirement.

SSF, P

Energy requirement.

P, SBT, SSF, CW

Level of Maintenance Required.

SBT, SSF

Operation – requirement of skilled /

unskilled labour.

P, SBT, SSF, CW

-

Social Indicators Social parameters.pptx

Aesthetics.

P, SBT

Odour

E, P, SSF

Mosquitoes

E, SSF

Ease of Operation

E, P, SSF

In case of system breakdown

P, SSF, CW

Risk of Vector Contact

P, SSF

Educational Opportunities

P, SBT, SSF, CW

Environmental parameters.pptx

Economic parameters.pptx

Social parameters.pptx

Data Analysis: Stage 2: Analysis of interview results


10%

10%

50%

30%

Figure No. 01: Knowledge Of Citizens

About Wastewater Treatment Procedures

In Mumbai

Very Well Informed Informed

Somewhat Informed Not Informed.

100%

0%

Figure No. 02: Support/Accept Such

Wastewater Reuse Proposals

Yes No

29%

64%

7%

Figure No. 04: Reasons For Hesitation

To Accept Such Initiatives

Health Improper Operations Cultural Other

100%

0%

Figure No. 05: Requirement Of Citizens

Partcipation For Success Of Such Projects

yes No

70%

30%

Figure No 03: Help propogate The

Initiative

Yes Yes Maybe

50%

10%

30%

10%

Figure No. 06 : Manintenance Of Such

Schemes Shall Be Taken Care By Whom?

Govt Non Govt Organisations

Part Govt-Part Private Private

Source: Author

Findings & Discussion:


1. From survey of gardens:

Municipal Gardens rely on Tanker water or Borewell water for irrigation.

2. From the comparative analysis of 5 wastewater treatment systems:

It was found that Phytorid treatment system & Soil scape filter technology were found to outscore the rest of the systems.

3. From the analysis of the interview results:

It was found that 100% of the people interviewed were ready to accept the concept of use

of treated wastewater for irrigation in a garden. Improper operation is the main reason

behind people’s hesitation for implementation of such schemes in public spaces which can further lead to health issues.

Findings & Discussion: Suggestion of appropriate systems as per the site condition. 4. In the chart below, different treatment systems have been suggested for existing and proposed municipal gardens based on their size of the garden.


Source: Author

Findings & Discussion: Potable water savings 5. Environmental Benefits of the Graywater treatment Model are shown in the table below:


Water & Sewage Calculations For ‘P’& ‘R’ Ward,

Water & Sewage Calculations

For Mumbai

Assuming Irrigation

water requirement

of 1 KLD/ 2000 Sq. m (On the basis of

Case study)

Total Wastewater

Generated (230 Lcpd) for

2.85 Million of population

= 655.5 MLD

Whereas Capacity of

Malad treatment Plant is

240 MLD

Considering total area

of Garden as

96,70,000 Sq. m &

assuming Irrigation

water requirement of

1 KLD / 2000 Sq. m (On

the basis of Case

study)

Considering Total

Wastewater

generation of 2400

MLD & Treatment

Capacity of 1700 MLD

For Garden area of

34,57,000 Sq. m,

Irrigation water

requirement is of

1728.5 KLD

= 1.728 MLD= Total

Water Savings

Amount of sewage

treated at

neighbourhood level in

‘P’ &’R’ Ward through the concept = 1.728 MLD =

1728 KLD

Total Irrigation Water

Requirement is 4835

KLD

=4.835 MLD = Total

Water Savings

Therefore amount of

sewage treated at

neighbourhood level = 4.835 MLD = 4835 KLD

Source: Author, P.K. Das., 2011. Mumbai's Open Spaces, Mumbai.

Findings & Discussion: 6. Cost benefit analysis of the Phytorid Treatment system is given in the table below:


Cost Parameters

Irrigation water requirement for S.P.Mukherji Udyaan in KLD 2.50

Source of irrigation water Use of Tanker water

Implementation of Phytorid technology, assuming total cost of Rs. 15,800/ KLD for

Installation, Operation & Maintenance.

39,500

Considering cost of Tanker water @ Rs. 200/KLD

= 270 days X 2.50 KLD = 675 KLD X 200 =

Rs. 1,35,000

Cost Savings after Installing the treatment systems in the 1st year. Savings:

Rs. 95,500

Cost of building of Conveyance is Rs. 25,000 / Km and Cost of Treatment of sewage is

another Rs. 10,000 / KLD (Source: Planning Commissions Report) = 1,30,000 ( for 5.2 Km) +

25,000

1,55,000

Total Cost Savings to the Government / Garden = 95,500 + 1,55,000 =

Rs. 2,50,500

Total Cost Savings if the model Implemented in ‘P’&’R’Ward, considering a water

requirement of 1728.5 KLD

Rs. 17,31,95,700

= 17 Crores

Total Cost Savings if the model Implemented in entire Mumbai, considering a water

requirement of 4835 KLD

Rs. 48,44,67,000

= 48 Crores

Source: Author

Environmental Benefits in terms of Water Savings & the amount of Wastewater treated at Local level:

Suggested Design Proposal: Parameters considered while designing.


• Volume of graywater required to be treated.

• Locating the spaces which can be utilised in the garden for the system

• Land requirement of the system to be proposed.

• Retention period of the system to be proposed

• Construction & Installation considerations.

• Storage of both Graywater & Treated water

• Routing of the Graywater from the sedimentation tank to the system and from the system to the treated water tank.

• Considerations for Pumping required.

• Aesthetics

• Ease of operation & Maintenance.

Sc

he

ma

tic

re

pre

sen

tatio

n o

f th

e s

yst

em

Environmental Benefits in terms of Water Savings & the amount of Wastewater treated at Local level:

Suggested Design Proposal: Schematic representation of the suggested system.


Source: Author

Garden

Graywater from tank

Treated water to tank

Ph

yto

rid tre

atm

en

t syste

m

Graywater sedimentation

tank

Treated water storage tank

Re

sid

en

tia

l B

uild

ing

For Irrigation

Screening

P

P

P

P - Pump

Suggested Design Proposal: System Design.


MAIN ENTRY

LAWN

NOT IN USEWATER POND

ASUPALAV TREES

SEATING

AMPHITHEATRE

BLD

G N

O. 1

CHANDAVARKAR LANE - TO BORIVALI STATION

SEATING

SEATING

SEATING

TR

EA

TED

WA

TER

PIP

ELIN

E F

RO

M

TH

E S

YST

EM

TO

TH

E T

REA

TED

WA

TER

TA

NK

GR

AY

WA

TER

FR

OM

TH

E B

UIL

DIN

G

TO

TH

E SE

DIM

EN

TA

TIO

N T

AN

K

GR

AY

WA

TER

FR

OM

TH

E

SED

IMEN

TA

TIO

N T

AN

K T

O T

HE SY

STEM

DESC

RIP

TIO

NLEG

EN

DS

MA

IN E

NT

RY

LA

WN

NO

T

IN U

SEW

AT

ER

PO

ND

ASU

PA

LAV

TR

EES

SEA

TIN

G

AM

PH

ITH

EA

TR

E

BLDG NO. 1

CH

AN

DA

VA

RK

AR

LA

NE

- T

O B

OR

IVA

LI ST

AT

ION

SEA

TIN

G

SEA

TIN

G

SEA

TIN

G

TREATED WATER PIPELINE FROM

THE SYSTEM TO

THE TREATED WATER TANK

GRAYWATER FROM THE BUILDING

TO THE SEDIMENTATION TANK

GRAYWATER FROM THE

SEDIMENTATION TANK TO THE SYSTEM

DESCRIPTIONLEGENDS

Pla

nts

Com

pound w

all

of th

e G

arden

Inle

t G

rayw

ater

pip

e

Smal

l si

zed

Gra

vels

Connect

ing

pip

e

PV

C C

onta

iner

wit

h t

he s

yste

m

2.4

0

0.7

50

.75

Outlet

pip

e t

oth

e t

reat

ed

wat

er

tank

Outlet pipe to the

treated water tank

Plants

Compound wall of

the Garden

Inlet Graywater pipe

Small sized Gravels

Medium sized gravels

Connecting pipe

PVC Container

with the system

M.S. stand to support

the container

Pathway

0.75

0.20

0.60

Lay

ou

t o

f th

e G

ard

en

Se

ctio

ns

Unit Plan

Legends

So

urc

e: A

uth

or

Model Specifications.pptx



Conclusion:


Use of treated wastewater for non-potable purpose is a feasible solution for safeguarding fresh

water sources for the future needs

Under National Sanitation Policy, the suggested model can be implemented on city, state and

national level.

The suggested model will help save on the infrastructural funds of around 48 Crores and will

save approximately 4.835 MLD of potable water.

• Further the Model can act as an initiative in making the decentralised neighbourhood level

treatment of wastewater acceptable to the people.

• The Garden and the technologies can be so engineered that reuse of treated Graywater

becomes a reality in the near future.

Thank you !

graywater municipal garden: model for utilisation of...

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