graver technologies 200 lake drive, glasgow, de 19702 liquid filter products applications training
TRANSCRIPT
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Beverage Applications
• Prefiltration– Facility Water– Compressed Gas– Steam– Detergents / Cleaning
Solvents– DE Trap – Polishing Prior To
Bottling
• Final Filtration– Facility Water– Facility Gas– Tank Venting– Chill Haze Removal
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Beer Filtration
AgingTank
DiatomaceousEarth Filter
F1 HoldingTank
Raw Beer
Sheet Filter
F1
F3
OR
F1
Keg Filling - Bottle Filling - Can Filling
F3 F3
F2
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
F
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION
1
QMC, PMC 5, 10 µm
Aged Beer
Diatomaceous Earth (DE) Trap
Filter, for DE fines removal
2
QMA,PMA 0.45, 1.2 µm
Stored filtered beer
Prefiltration to protect final filter
3
ZTEC 0.45, 0.65 µm
Beer final packaging filtration
Final filter for microbial
stabilization
Beer Filtration
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Wine Filtration
CrushedGrapes
Fining Stage
Aging Tank
SheetFilter
HoldingTank
F1
F2 F3
BottlingTank
Fermentation
Filling Station
To WineCooler
Processing
Wine
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Wine Filtration
F
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION
1 QMC, PMC
5, 10 µm Wine
DE Removal and Visual Clarification
2
QMA, PMA 0.6, 1.2 µm
GFC 0.5 µm
Wine Prefiltration to
protect final filter
3 VTEC, ZTEC
0.45, 0.65 µm Wine
Final filter for microbial
stabilization
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Wine Cooler Filtration
Bulk Wine StorageTank
F1
BlendTank
F2 F3
Filling Station
Carbonator
Wine Cooler
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Wine Cooler Filtration
F
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION
1 QMC, PMC
5, 10 µm Bulk Wine
Particulate removal prior to storage
2 QMA, PMA
1.2 µm or GFC
0.5, µm
Final Product Mix Prefiltration to protect
final filter
3 ZTEC
0.45, 0.65 µm Final Product Mix
Final filter for microbial stabilization
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Food and Beverage Industry
Heating or
Cooling
SanitizeRinse
ProductFormulation
F1
F3F2
F5F4
Process Water
Process Equipment
CIP (Clean In Place)
ProcessWater
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
F
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION
1
QMC, PMC 10, 20 µm
Water Particulate removal
2
QMA, PMA GFC
0.5, 1.0 µm
Water for CIP
sanitizing rinsing
Particulate removal Prefilter
3
QTEC, ZTEC 0.2, 0.45 µm
Water for CIP
sanitizing rinsing
Final membrane filter, Microbial
control
4
PFA 1.0 µm
GFC 0.5 µm
Cooling water
Prefilter
5
VTEC, ZTEC 0.2 µm
Cooling water
Final filter, Biological growth
control
Food and Beverage IndustryProcess Water
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Bio-processing of Food Products
Steam
F1
Seed Fermenter
CompressedAir
F5
F2 F3
F4
Harvest Vessel
F11F10
F9
F7 F6
F8AmmoniapH Adjust
Final Product Purification
Fermenter(Production)
Nutrients or Make-up water
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Bio-processing of Food Products
F
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION
1 TPM Steam Particle removal
2
QMA, PMA 1 µm
QMC, PMC 1, 3 µm
Inlet air prefiltration Particulate removal
3, 4, 5 QS
0.2 µm Air Feed, Vent
Bioburden and Particle Control
6
QMA, PMA 2.5 µm
QMC, PMC 2, 5 µm
GFC 1.0 µm
Prefiltration Particulate removal
10 QMA, PMA 1, 2.5 µm
Prefiltration Particulate removal
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Soft Drink Filtration
F2
Corn Syrup F1
F3
F4 F5
Container Wash Filling Station
StorageTank
Flavor
Water
Blending Tank
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Soft Drink Filtration
F FILTER FLUID FUNCTION
3
QMC, PMC 5, 10 µm
Flavor concentrate
particulate removal
4
QMC, PMC 5, 10 µm
Water
particulate removal, carbon
fines removal
1, 5 VTEC, ZTEC 0.45 µm
Syrup Mix Bioburden control
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
• Bulk Chemical Distribution Systems (BCDS)
Semiconductor Applications
VLSI-GRADEBULK-CHEMICALMANUFACTURERS
F1 F2
TO CHEMICALDELIVERY SYSTEMS
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Filtered BulkChemicals
55GallonDrums
55GallonDrums
F4F3IN-HOUSE
“CHEM-MIX”AREAS
PACKAGERS,BOTTLERS,SPECIALTY
MIXERS
F4
BOTTLES
Semiconductor ApplicationsBulk Chemical Delivery
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
F #
FILTER TYPE
MICRON RATING
APPLICATION
2, 4
QTEC, ZTEC
0.1, 0.2 µm
Dilute Acids
1, 3
QMA, QMC, PMA, PMC
1, 5 µm
Dilute Acids
Bulk Chemical Delivery
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
• Deionized Water (DIW and UPW)– Change-out cycle - 2 years– Most competition– Most price competitive
• Key Factors for Cold UPW– Resistivity rebound – rinse-up– TOC rebound
• gal. to reach 99% of feed values– Extractables– Retention– Flow rate vs ΔP
Semiconductor Applications
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
F1IncomingWater
ROStorage
Tank
Reverse OsmosisSystem
ResinBed Ion
ExchangersF2 Storage
Tank
Polishing BottlesF2UV
Lights
F4
F3
F5 F5Point-Of-UseFilters
DI Water Filtration
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
F
FILTER
APPLICATION
1
QMC, PMC
1 - 5 µm
Pre-RO Filter,
for Clarification of Water
2
QMC, PMC
5-10 µm
Resin Trap Filter
3
QTEC, ZTEC 0.2-0.45 µm
Prefilter to PAD
Final Filter
4
QTEC, VTEC, ZTEC
0.1 or 0.2 µm
PAD Final Filter
DI Water Filtration
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
CMP (Chemical Mechanical Planarization)• Slurry of abrasives for removing thin layers (angstrom) via
both grinding and etching for presenting an extremely smooth & normal surface for photolithography
• Remove particulate while leaving abrasive components• Customer objective: reduce scratches and increase yield$
• Recommendations• day & mixing tanks…. PMC >20 um• global loop (recirc)…. PMC 10-20 um
– coarse rating results in removal of agglomerates without removal of abrasives
Semiconductor Applications
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
• CMP oxide slurries• for silica removal• pH 10-12• abrasive size 0.02 -
0.08 um• agglomerates form
from exposure to air
• CMP metal slurries• for metal removal• pH 2-4• Tends to settle;
requires fast recirc. to keep suspended
• agglomerates
Semiconductor ApplicationsCMP Slurries
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Chemicals• Most common
• Photoresist strip• Phosphoric acid• RCA Etch (SC 1 and SC 2… contains 1/3 peroxide)• Sulfuric acid (for making piranha in fab)• Nitric acid• Photoresists• Developers
Semiconductor Applications
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Most common • HF and BOE• NOE (contains ethylene glycol…correct for viscosity
when sizing)• Acetone
Piranha Baths• 98% sulfuric acid; 2% hydrogen peroxide• 3 - 6% more aggressive than “neat” sulfuric• For removing metal
Recirculating Etch Baths• Using various % HF acid (attacks silica incl. glass) and
BOE...buffered oxide etch (93% ammonium fluoride & 7% HF acid)
Semiconductor ApplicationsTools
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
BottledChemicals
F6
F5
F7
F6
F5
F8
Wafer Cleaning“Piranha”
“RCA Clean”
Primerse.g., HMDS
Etchants
Developers,
Rinses, Solvents
Strippers
Acid ProcessingEquipment
Wet Tool Benches
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
F #
FILTER TYPE
MICRON RATING
APPLICATION
7
ZTEC
0.1 µm
Etchants B.O.E.
8
QTEC, ZTEC
0.1, 0.2 µm
Dilute Acids
Tool Filtration
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Pharmaceutical Applications
• Prefiltration• Facility Water• Compressed Gas• Steam• Solvents & Intermediates
• LVPs (those to be terminally sterilized)
• Vaccines
• Fermentation Broth• Serum / Culture Media• Diagnostic Reagents• Cosmetics / Creams /
Lotions• Orals / Ophthalmics
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Pharmaceutical Applications
Final Filtration• Facility Water
• Facility Air & Gas
• SVPs/LVPs
• Serum / Culture Media
• Biologicals (aseptic processing)
• Fermentation Products• Fermentation Feed Air
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
F1Pretreatment IonExchange F2
F4
F3
F5
F5
DI Water Tank
F4 F4 F4
Pump
Distilled Water Tank
Pump
POINT OF USE
F3
F6
Process Water
System Schematic
PO
INT
OF
US
E
F4
F4
F4
PO
INT
OF
US
E
SteamGenerator
The process water system produces sterile water that is used throughout the facility in the manufacture and testing of product, and in support of the plant.
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Process Water
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION CONVERSION STRATEGIES
F1
QMA, QMA 1, 5 um
QMC, PMC 1, 5 um
Pretreated City Water
Clarification of water prior to purification
Stress long life which results in fewer changeouts and lower filtration
costs
F2
QMA, PMA 5, 10 um
Deionized Water
Prefiltration to remove resin fines
Stress long life which results in fewer changeouts and lower filtration
costs
F3 QTEC, ZTEC
0.45 um Deionized
and Distilled Water
Maintain water purity during recirculation
through loops
Stress cleanliness, and PES mem-brane that offers long life, lower
filtration costs
F4
QTEC, VTEC, ZTEC
0.1, 0.2 um
Deionized and Distilled
Water
Final filtration at point of use
Stressed mirrored, anisotropic PES membrane that has no extractables; absolute retention of 0.2 um P Grade
F5
QS 0.2 um
Vent Bioburden and Particle Control
Price Point
F6
TPM
Steam
Particle control
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Fermentation
F1
F4
F2 F3 F3 F2
F5
INLET GAS SUPPLY
SteamCoolant
Fermentation Broth
Fermentation Tank
Additives
Fermentation : Specific organisms are grown in culture vessels producing a byproduct which can be isolated from the fermentation broth (e.g., Citric acid, fructose, alcohol, or certain drugs)
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Fermentation
F1 F4
QS
0.2 um
Vent
Sterile Filtration of Air
Price Point
F2
QMA, PMA 1, 2.5, 5,
um
Fresh Fermentation Broth or Nutrient
Additives
Prefiltration to Remove Gross Particulate and Protect Final Filters
Stress long life which results in fewer changeouts and lower filtration costs
F3
ZTEC 0.2 um
Fresh Fermentation Broth or Nutrient
Additives
Final Sterile Filtration of Fermentation Ingredients
to Maintain a Sterile Environment in the
Vessel
Stress cleanliness, and low protein-binding aspects of the PES membrane which offer long life, maximum protection, and lower filtration costs
F5
QMA, PMA 1, 2.5, 5 um
Inlet Gas (O2; CO2; N2)
Prefiltration to Protect the Final Filter and Extend Its
Life
Stress High Air Flow Rates and Particulate Holding Ability Which Reduce Filter Use and Lower Costs
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Antibiotic Processing
Antibiotics • Compounds intended to kill off specific
bacterial infections. • Made naturally as by-products of fermentation
by certain bacteria, molds, and fungal species (e.g., Penicillin is a by-product of the mold genus penicillium).
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Antibiotic Processing
SeedTank
Fermentation Vessel
F1
Bulk Clarification & Concentration
F7F6
F5F4
F3
F2
HPLCPurification
Crystallization F8
CoolantSolvent Precip’n
Activated Carbon
Ion Exchange Purification
DepyrogenationReconstitution Final Dosage
Form
Steam
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Antibiotic Processing
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION CONVERSION STRATEGIES
F1
QS
Air
Vent Price Point
F2 QMA
1, 2.5, 5, and 10 um
Clarified Fermentation
Broth
Finer Clarification of Broth prior to Downstream Processing Methods
Stress high solids holding capacity and good flow rates which result in fewer change outs and lower costs
F3
QMA, PMA 0.45
2.5 um
Processed Fermentation
Broth
Prefiltration to Remove Resin or Carbon Particles Prior to
HPLC For Column Protection
Stress long life and high flow rates which result in fewer changeouts and lower costs
F4
QMA, QMC 0.45, 1 um
Processed Fermentation Broth (Column
Effluent)
Prefiltration to Remove Column Particles Prior to
Lyophilization
Stress long life and high flow rates which result in fewer changeouts and lower costs
F5 F6
QMA, QMC 0.45, 1 um
Solvents for Reconstituting the
Lyophilized Antibiotic
Prefiltration to Remove Gross Particulate Prior to
Reconstitution
Stress high solids holding capacity and retention efficiencies which result in lower filtration costs
F7 QMA QMC
0.2, 0.45 um
Depyrogenated Final Antibiotic
Formulation
Prefiltration to Protect the Final Filter
Stress long life and high flow rates which result in fewer changeouts and lower costs
F8
ZTEC 0.2 um
Prefiltered, Depyrogenated Final Antibiotic
Formulation
Final Sterile Filtration prior to packaging for sale
Stress absolute retention efficiency and low protein- binding PES membrane for maximum assurance of end product quality and efficacy*
*
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Therapeutic Production
Therapeutics (other than antibiotics) • Manufactured through a fermentative process,
whether occurring naturally (e.g., Taxol), or as by-products from culture in genetically engineered organisms (e.g., Insulin).
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Therapeutic Production
F1
F5 F4
F3F2Fermentation Vessel
F5F4
F7
F6 BulkClarification
Isolation / Purification
VirusRemoval
Steam
Coolant
Fermentation Broth/ Culture
Media
Inlet Gas Supply
Growth Additives /
Water, Serum
Final Product
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Therapeutic Production
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION
CONVERSION STRATEGIES
F1 F2
QS Air
Air feed, Vent
Price point
F3
QMA, QMC, 5, 1., and
5 um
Inlet Gas for Fermentation
Chamber
Prefiltration of Gas Supply to Protect the Final Filter
Stress long life and high flow rates which result in fewer changeouts and lower costs
F4
QMA, QMC 0.45, 1. 2.5, 5, and 10 um
Growth additives; serum; needed for Fermentation/ Cell
Culture
Prefiltration to Protect the Final Sterilizing Filter
Stress high flow rates and contaminant-holding features which result in fewer changeouts and lower costs
F5
ZTEC 0.2 um
Prefiltered, Fermentation Broth; Cell Culture Media;
Additives
Final Sterile Filtration Stress absolute retention efficiency and low protein- binding PES membrane for maximum assurance of sterility and yield
F6
QMA, QMC 1, 2.5, 5,
and 10 um
Preclarified Fermentation Broth
Prefiltration to Protect the UF Membranes Used to
Isolate and Purify Proteins of Interest
Stress high flow rates and contaminant-holding features which result in fewer changeouts and lower costs
F7
ZTEC 0.2 um
Prefiltered, Purified Protein Product
Final Sterile Filtration of the Compound of Interest
Stress absolute retention efficiency and low protein- binding PES membrane for maximum assurance of end product quality and yield
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
LVP/SVPs
Large Volume Parenterals • Generally fluid in nature• Must be administered intravenously (e.g., TPA/TPN
solutions, IV Bags). • The filter is removes bacteria and any particulate that could
block tiny blood vessels.
Small Volume Parenterals • Vials of liquid (usually fewer than 100 ml) or powder. • The key to filtration is removal of bacteria and particulate
impurities that could clog a blood vessel, or block the nozzle of a filling machine.
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
LVPs
F1
Storage Tank
F3F2 Depyrogenation Autoclave
Parenteral Formulation
QC Testing and Release
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
LVPs
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION CONVERSION STRATEGIES
F1
QS
Air
Vent
Price point
F2
QMA, QMC 05, 1, or 2.5 um
Parenteral Formulation
Prefiltration to Protect the
Depyrogenating Filter
Stress long life, and excellent retention efficiency for max-imum protection downstream
F3
ZTEC 0.2 or 0.45 um
Depyrogenated Parenteral Mix
Final Filtration Prior to Terminal Heat Sterilization
*P-Grade if asceptic filling
process
Stress high throughput for maximum life, and low protein-binding PES membrane for maximum end product efficacy*
*Efficacy is the power to achieve a desired effect. Low protein-binding means that the filter will not remove the proteinaceous component (e.g., effective drug) of the medication, therefore not reducing its potency.
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
SVPs
MixTank
F4
F1
F3
F2
Vial/Stopper
Washer
Filling Machine
F5
Lyophilizer
Parenteral Ingredients Air Supply
Liquids
Powders
vials / stoppers
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
SVPs
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION CONVERSION STRATEGIES
F1 F2
QS
Air
Vent, Air feed
Price Point
F3
QMA, QMC 0.45, 1, 2.5, or
5 um or
Parenteral Formulation
Prefiltration to Protect the Final Filter
Stress long life, and excellent retention efficiency for maximum protection downstream
F4
ZTEC 0.2 um
Prefiltered Parenteral Solution
Final Sterile Filtration Prior to Packaging
Stress high throughput for maximum life, and low protein-binding PES membrane for maximum efficacy* in the end product
*Efficacy is the power to achieve a desired effect. Low protein-binding means that the filter will not remove the proteinaceous component (e.g., effective drug) of the medication, therefore not reducing its potency.
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Ophthalmic Solutions
Ophthalmic Solutions • Ointments, drops and medications placed
intraocular. • Filtration makes these sterile and safe to use by
removing bacteria and particulate impurities that might scratch the cornea, or cause other discomfort in the eye.
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Ophthalmic Solutions
F5
F4F3
F2
Heated Holding
Tank
Pump Sterile Blending
Tank
Petrolatum
Drug Additives
Testing and Final Packaging
System Schematic
F1
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Ophthalmic Solutions
FILTER
FLUID
FUNCTION CONVERSION STRATEGIES
F3
QMA, QMC 1, 2.5, 5, or
10 um
Heated Petrolatum (in Ointments and
Lubricating Agents)
Prefiltration to Protect the Final Filter
Stress long life, and excellent retention efficiency for maximum protection of the downstream final filter
F4, 5 ZTEC 0.2 um
Drug Additives Sterile Filtration Prior to Blending With Petrolatum
Stress low protein-binding PES membrane for maximum end product efficacy
*Efficacy is the power to achieve a desired effect. Low protein-binding means that the filter will not remove the proteinaceous component (e.g., effective drug) of the medication, therefore not reducing its potency.
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Glossary of Terms• Antibiotic – class of compounds derived synthetically or
naturally that have bacteriacidal characteristics
• BOE – buffered oxide etch – etch chemical composed of ammonium fluoride and hydrofluoric acid
• CMP slurry – chemical mechanical polishing - Slurry of abrasives used to remove thin layers (angstrom) from a wafer via both grinding and etching.
• Fermentation - process of converting sugars to harvestable intermediate of end products such as alcohol, antibiotics,
• HF – hydrofluoric acid
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Glossary of Terms
• LVP – Large volume parenteral – liquid intravenous solutions administered in doses of larger than 100ml
• NOE - etch chemical composed of ammonium fluoride and ethylene glycol
• Petrolatum – petroleum based “gel”
• Piranha - etch chemical composed of hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid.
Graver Technologies200 Lake Drive, Glasgow, DE 19702
Glossary of Terms
• Pyrogen –portion of the cell wall of a gram negative bacterial resulting in a pyrogenic (fever) reaction in mammalian systems
• RCA Etch – etch chemical composed of either hydrogen peroxide and ammonium hydroxide (SC1) or hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid (SC2)
• SVP – small volume parenteral – liquids administered intravenously in volumes of less than 100ml
• VLSI Grade- purity grade of semiconductor chemicals – derived from Very Large Scale Integration