Gratiana boliviana

Natural EnemiesTropical Soda Apple

biodiversityAna Samayoa

Predators of Gratiana boliviana

Family: Araneidae Genus: Argiope Species: aurantia Common name: Yellow Garden Spider

Family: Oxyopidae Genus:Peucetia Species: viridans Common Name: Lynx Spider

Family: Formicidae Genus: Solenopsis Species: invicta Common Name: Red Imported Fire Ant

Family: Pentatomidae Genus: Stiretrus Species: Anchorago Common name: Predatory stink

bug

Family: Pentatomidae Genus: Stiretrus Species: Anchorago Common name: Predatory stink

bug

Family: Reduviidae Genus: Sinea Species: sp. Common name: Assassin bug

Family: Lygaeidae Genus: Geocoris

Family: Carabidae Genus: Calleida Species: decora (F)

Family: Miridae Genus: Tupiocoris

Herbivores of Tropical Soda Apple

Family: Sphingidae Genus: Manduca Species: Sexta

Family: Sphingidae Genus: Manduca Species: Sexta

Family: Arctiidae Genus: Hypercompe Species: scribonia Common name: Giant leopard

moth

Family: Arctiidae Genus: Hypercompe Species: scribonia Common name: Giant leopard

moth

Family: Chrysomelidae Genus: Leptinotarsa Species: decemlineata Common name: Colorado Potato Beetle

Family: Chrysomelidae Genus: Leptinotarsa Species: decemlineata Common name: Colorado Potato Beetle

Family: Pentatomidae Genus: Arvelius Species: Albopunctatus Common name: Stink bug

Parasitoids of G. boliviana Family: Eulophidae Subfamily:Tetrastichinae

Pupae showing exit hole

Family: Chalcididae Genus: Conura Species: side

Pupae showing exit hole

Conditions of eggs and larvae collected from the field

Methods Field sites located in St. Lucie Co.

and Okeechobee Co. Eggs and larvae collected along a

TSA infested transect Eggs evaluated as: dehydrated,

hatched and others (black and disease)

Larvae evaluated as: healthy (adults) or black (potential disease)

Larvae Rearing Method

St. Lucie Co. Eggs Conditions

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Dehydrated Hatch Black

126 eggs collectedSeptember 2007

Okeechobee Co. Eggs Conditions

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Dehydrated Hatch Disease

131 eggs collectedOctober 2007

St. Lucie Co. larvae Conditions

0

5

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45

Adults / Healthy Black

49 larvae collected

Okeechobee Co. larvae conditions

47 Larvae collected

Pathogens of Gratiana boliviana

Sick yellow larvae

Healthy green larvae

Microsporidia: Nosema found in midgut

ID by Dr. Boucias

Spores

Short gram negative bacteria rods on first

larvae

ID by Dr. Boucias

Pictures available at:

http://bcrcl.ifas.ufl.edu/GratianaForm_files/TSA.htm

Thanks