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GRASS BIOMETHANE IN IRELAND

Oleh :

Budiman Santoso13007088

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Bioteknologi Lingkungan TK 5048Selasa, 3 Mei 2011

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Overview of Ireland

Negara di Eropa Utara,beriklim sedang

Jumlah penduduk4,239,848 orang

Income per capita

$37,700 US$,konsumsi energi perkapita 3761.3kgoe/annum

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Bahan Bakar di Irlandia

Masih didominasi oil & gas sekitar 80% (2004)Th 2008 : 1% biofuel dari total konsumsitransportasi, dimana 0,4% nya impor (CPO)Produksi biofuel :

30.000 ton /annual biodiesel dari residue oil

8 juta liter biogas / annual dari limbah kejuTarget EU : sektor transportasi pada 2020 harusmemakai renewable energy minimal 10%

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Kriteria Biofuel menurut EU

Harus mengurangi gas rumah kaca minimum35% pada tahun 2010 dan 60% pada thn 2017

Tidak menimbulkan pengaruh pada ekosistem

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Alternatif-alternatif Biofuel Irlandia

Rape seed oilsame Brassica family as broccoli,

cabbage and cauliflower

Tallow (lemak) from animal by

product

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Used cooking oil (UCO)

GrassLahan pertaniannyamencapai 4,4 juta hektardimana hanya 9% yangdapat ditanami dan sisanyaditumbuhi rumput

Alternatif-alternatif Biofuel utk Ireland

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hanya 9% dari total tanah di Irlandia yg bisa

ditanami untuk rape seed oilKontribusi bagi biofuel di tahun 2020mencapai 9,94 % dari total 10% (sangat besar)

Bahan baku untuk biofuel dari UCO dan tallowsangat fluktuatif kualitasnya

The best : Grass Biomethane

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Type of Grass

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Perennial Ryegrass

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Process Overview

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Process OverviewHarvesting : Dua kali setahunbiasanya akhir Mei dan awalJuli (Summer)

Storage : Seperti membuatsilage untuk makanan ternak(ensilage)

break down cellulose andhemicellulose to various simplesugars (pH drops becauseproducing acetic and lacticacid) 11

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Process Overview : StoragePh ase I Ph ase II Ph ase III Ph ase IV Ph ase V

Age of Silage 0-2 days 2-3 days 3-4 days 4-21 days 21 days-

Activity

Cellrespiration;

productionof CO2, heatandwater

Production

of aceticacidand lacticacid ethanol

Lacticacidformation

Lacticacidformation

Materialstorage

TemperatureChange* 69-90 F 90-84 F 84 F 84 F 84 FpH Change 6.5-6.0 6.0-5.0 5.0-4.0 4.0 4.0

ProducedAcetic acidand lactic

acid bacteria

Lacticacid

bacteria

Lacticacid

bacteria 12

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Process Overview : Anaerobic Digestion

Ada tiga jenis, yaitu :

Dry Continous AnaerobicDigester ( DCAD)T Operasinya 50-58 CSingle stageWaktu retensi 30 hariProduksinya 292 m3/ton VS

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Process Overview : Anaerobic Digestion

Wet Continous AnaerobicDigester ( WCAD)

Two digester in seriesT operasi 38C

Waktu retensi 62,5 hariProduksi 550 m3 /ton VS

Sequencial Leach Bed Reactor -Upflow Anaerobic SludgeBlanket ( SLBR UASB)

Leach beds for hydrolisis stageUASB for methanogenic stageT operasi 38CWaktu retensi 36 hariYield 330 m3/ton VS

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Process Review : Upgrading Biogas

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CH455%

CO245%

CH497%

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Process Review : Storage in station filling

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Biogas dari upgrade facility harus dikompresi hinggatekanan sekitar 250 bar untuk dapat dimasukkan ke

dalam tangki bahan bakar mobil

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Compare with other crops

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Price Compare with Other Fuel

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Thanasit Thamsiriroj, Jerry D. Murphy .2011. A critical review of theapplicability of biodiesel and grass biomethane as biofuels to satisfy bothbiofuel targets and sustainability criteria . University of Cork : IrelandBeatrice M. Smyth, Jerry D. Murphy, Catherine M. O Brien .2009. What isthe energy balance of grass biomethane in Ireland and other temperatenorthern European climates? . University of Cork : IrelandAnoop Singha, Abdul-Sattar Nizamia, Nicholas E. Korresa, Jerry D.Murphya. 2011. The effect of reactor design on the sustainability of grassbiomethane . University of Cork : Ireland.http://www.ucc.ie/en/eri/ericonferences/Integrated-process-for-grass-

biomethane.pdf http://www.fcrn.org.uk/interviewSeries/interviews/archives/biogas/index.htmhttp://www.xebecinc.com/pdf/15665_BG_RenewGas_Final1.pdf

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

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Sekian

&Terima Kasih

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