GRAPHITARGRAPHITAR®

1

A Unique Engineering Material for a Wide Range of Demanding Applications

GRAPHITAR® is U.S. Graphite Inc.’s trade name for a family of carbon-graphite (mechanical carbon) products. U.S. Graphite traces its historyback to 1891, when the company was formed to utilize a Mexican depositof natural graphite. For over 100 years, USG has led in the development of mechanical carbons, from pencil “lead” to nuclear reactor components.

GRAPHITAR is made by blending powder allotropes of carbon, i.e. naturaland artificial graphites, carbon blacks, petroleum cokes, etc. with a hydrocarbon binder, pressing this mix into shapes, then furnacing theshapes at over 2000°F. The resultant parts possess a unique combination of properties ... lubricity, corrosion resistance, thermal stability, and wear resistance.

The physical and mechanical properties of GRAPHITAR are controlled byadjusting the formulation and processing operations. This permits USGengineers to develop grades of GRAPHITAR well adapted to specific applications.

This catalog provides basic information about GRAPHITAR. Specifictechnical data and engineering assistance are available from USG’s network of salesrepresentatives or the technical staff at USG.

Since GRAPHITAR is a highly sophisticated product, each application should involve thecooperative efforts of the customer and USG’s technical staff. USG maintains a staff of liaison personnel to turn customer requirements into GRAPHITAR products. Field salesrepresentatives work directly with USG customers while GRAPHITAR product engineers atUSG provide assistance in translating product requirements into GRAPHITAR components.USG engineering staff provide research and development in the areas of products,processing, applications and manufacturing.

USG is fully committed to improving the cost effective performance of your mechanical devices.

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Lubricity and LubricationGraphite is one of the most efficient “dry lubri-cants” known, because of its laminar crystalstructure and it’s ability to adsorb and retainpolar gases such as water vapor. Other lubri-cants range from hot tar to chemicals, foodproducts and live steam. Maximum perform-ance is achieved if a liquid film is maintainedbetween the GRAPHITAR and its matingmember. Unless the GRAPHITAR part iscompletely immersed in a fluid, some provi-sion should be made for maintaining a fluidfilm at the mating surface. This can beachieved by capillary action of the liquidthrough the material, by leakage along thepart face or by providing grooves to conductthe fluid to the entire surface of the part.

Oxidation ResistanceGRAPHITAR will not support combustion, butwill oxidize slowly if placed in a sufficientlyhostile environment.

Oxidation resistance is usually measured asweight loss in air at a given temperature. Theaccompanying chart compares the oxidationresistance of several GRAPHITAR grades. Thetemperatures plotted refer to ambientconditions.

GRAPHITAR’s resistance to oxidation in mediaother than air is shown in the ChemicalCompatibility chart, pages 8 and 9.

Thermal StabilityBecause GRAPHITAR is furnacedat high temperatures, it has nointernal stresses and is espe-cially resistant to warping over awide temperature range;GRAPHITAR will not melt or fuseat any temperature, butsublimes at approximately6300°F. Its linear coefficient ofthermal expansion is nominallyone-forth to one-third that ofsteel. GRAPHITAR is therefore able to func-tion under service conditions from cyrogenicto over 1000°F.

Wear ResistanceThe natural lubricity ofGRAPHITAR, its high hardnessand low coefficient of friction,provide an exceptionally wearresistant material. GRAPHITARparts show practically nomeasurable wear after an initialperiod of run-in. GRAPHITAR willnot seize or gall. Its self-lappingcharacteristic allows GRAPHITARto conform quickly to mating

surfaces and provides an even dispersion ofgraphite on the wear surface.

800

1

2

3

4

5

617

8

900

18,30A,67,80

1000

TEMPERATURE — DEGREES FAHRENHEIT

OX

IDA

TIO

N —

% H

R.

2831

2980

2866

2690

1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

THERMAL EXPANSION

TEMPERATURE

DIM

EN

SIO

NA

L C

HA

NG

E

GRAPHITARGRAPHITAR®

GRAPHITARGRAPHITAR®

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Coefficient of FrictionThe coefficient for dry GRAPHITAR ranges from .04 to .25, depending on many factors. The addition of a lubricating fluid will reduce the coefficient of friction by a factor of 10, in many cases.Other operating factors which affect GRAPHITAR’s coefficient of friction include: temperature,surface pressure, rubbing speed, mating material, surface condition and GRAPHITAR Grade.

FlatnessGRAPHITAR is exceptionally stable over a wide range of temperatures and chemical environ-ments. GRAPHITAR parts can be lapped by a USG’s production department to flatness tolerancesof 3 helium light bands (.000033 inches variation over the entire lapped surface).

PorosityHigh pressure air can be metered through GRAPHITAR in air bearing applications; GRAPHITARcan be used as a reservoir for lubricants or inks. The open porosity of GRAPHITAR can rangefrom about 20% down to a gas tight seal with a porosity of less than .01%. While some porousmetals will react chemically with the medium with which they are filled, causing gumming and loss of porosity, GRAPHITAR is not subject to this problem.

CompositionGRAPHITAR is an engineered material. Its composition can range from all carbon to all graphite .. . and may also include impregnants such as metals, resins or lubricants. Control over bothcomposition and processing variables permits GRAPHITAR engineers to produce a remarkablyconsistent and reproducible product.

Thermal ConductivityGRAPHITAR is an excellent thermal conductor and is highly resistant to thermal shock. This characteristic is particularly important in jet engine seals, where temperatures can vary hundredsof degrees in a matter of seconds.The thermal conductivity of GRAPHITAR ranges from 3 to 30BTU/°F/SQ.FT/FT/HR. GRAPHITAR closely approaches a true “black body” in its ability to radiateheat. This capacity, together with good thermal conductivity, makes a very useful combination fordissipating heat.

Electrical PropertiesGRAPHITAR is an electrical conductor and is non-magnetic. Its resistance ranges from .0005 to.00018 ohms per inch cube. GRAPHITAR has a negative resistance coefficient.

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WEAR VS. P-V

MATING MATERIALS

Rubbing SpeedNon-lubricated...face load constant

303 Stainless

Chr

ome

Pla

te

440-C Stainless

30A

80

39

2690

WE

AR

WE

AR

Non-lubricated...mating material and rubbing speed constant.

General Design ConsiderationsSome GRAPHITAR parts may be used “‘asmolded”, while others require additionalmachining or assembly operations.For parts molded to their final shape, thelimitations of the die molding process mustbe observed. Configurations which cannotbe ejected from the die or stripped from thepunch must be avoided. Radical changes inpart cross-section and sharp internal anglescreate points of stress concentration inmolded parts. It is usually preferable tocreate such configurations by machiningfrom a GRAPHITAR blank.GRAPHITAR is efficiently machined bygrinding or diamond turning. Drilling is prac-tical but tapped holes should be avoided inGRAPHITAR part design.Whether a GRAPHITAR part should bemolded or machined to its final configurationis an economic decision. If the volume issufficient to warrant die costs, the savingsof secondary machining operations areobvious. However, where very close toler-ances are required, finish machining may benecessary.Designers should avoid sharp edges unlessthey are essential to the function of thepart. Sharp edges on GRAPHITAR parts aresubject to chipping in machining andhandling. Generally, small chips are notdetrimental in service since they produce noburrs.

Assembly of GRAPHITARComponentsWhen combining GRAPHITAR with metalcomponents the GRAPHITAR componentsshould carry only compressive loads. It isusually possible to design a system in whichGRAPHITAR provides the bearing capacityand metal components supply the requiredtensile and shear strengths.

Adhesive BondingAll common adhesives are chemicallycompatible with GRAPHITAR. The selectionof an adhesive involves the bond strengthrequired, compatibility with the operating

environment, and the physical characteris-tics of the material.Best results have been achieved withthermo-setting adhesives which maintainsufficient viscosity during the curing cycle tominimize penetration into the porousGRAPHITAR structure. Adhesive bondingpermits production of GRAPHITAR partslarger than those which can be molded as asingle piece.

Mechanical AssemblyGRAPHITAR bearings are often pressed intoa metal housing or the housing shrunk ontothe GRAPHITAR bearing. This combination ofGRAPHITAR and metal provides the bearingcharacteristics of one material and thestructural strength of the other. For pressfit bearings, interference should vary fromabout .002 inch at one half inch diameter to.0045 inches at two inch or greater diame-ters. Because GRAPHITAR has a lowYoung’s modulus and a low coefficient ofthermal expansion, interference fits withsteel housings have excellent holding powerover a wide temperature range.

P-V FormulaThe product of pressure (in pounds persquare inch) times velocity (in feet perminute) is a common rule-of-thumb factorfor desribing the limits of bearing materials.The limiting P-V factor for any materialvaries considerably with operating conditions... lubrication, surface finish, mating mate-rial, etc. For dry conditions, a P-V factor of15,000 should be used. When lubricated,P-V values of 150,000 are acceptable, andunder ideal conditions, GRAPHITAR hasperformed well at P-V values of 1,000,000.

GRAPHITARGRAPHITAR®

GRAPHITARGRAPHITAR®

5

Bearing DesignGRAPHITAR bearings should be designed assimply as possible. Grooves in bearing surfacesshould be laid out in a moldable configuration.Unnecessarily close tolerances and sharp cornersin grooves should be avoided. GRAPHITAR’sporosity permits “self-Iubricated” bearingapplications. This factor also permits the use ofGRAPHITAR as an air bearing material for highprecision applications. Keeper plates and othermechanical accessories must be designed toprovide evenly distributed support. Metal backedGRAPHITAR bearings are recommended forapplications involving thermal or mechanicalshock. GRAPHITAR is extremely resistant to rapidchanges in temperature and, when combined witha metal backing, tends to maintain a constantclearance as operating temperature varies.

Wall ThicknessThe wall thickness of a GRAPHITAR bearing isgenerally proportioned to its inside, or shaftdiameter. As a rule of thumb, wall thickness canbe calculated as .125 inch plus 1/8 of thebearing’s I.D.

Bearing Assembly

*Clearance required for easy insertion of GRAPHITAR into housing at shrink temperature.

GRAPHITAR bearings must be installed withenough interference to remain secure at themaximum operating temperature. BecauseGRAPHITAR has relatively high compressivestrength in relation to its modulus of elasticity, itwill take large interference fits without rupturing.Its low coefficient of thermal expansion facilitatesthe use of shrink fits in achieving large interfer-ence fits. The values on the chart are used incalculating shrink fits, (refer to BearingAssembly chart).

About .005" is the maximum interferenceobtainable by press fitting. Good alignment anda continuous full length press-in stroke shouldbe used.

Flanged bushing designs should be avoided,especially where there is an interference fit.Shear stresses can cause cracking betweenflange and body. If both radial and thrustsurfaces are required, use separate bushingand thrust washers. For the same reason, theextension of the bearing beyond an interference-fit housing should be less than 1/32 inch.

Bearing ClearanceA clearance of .001” per inch of shaft diameteris recommended for lubricated GRAPHITARbearings and .003” per inch for non-lubricatedservice. Allowances must be made for elasticdeformation of the bearing when retained by apress or shrink fit.

The I.D. will be reduced approximately 90% ofthe interference fit, assuming a steel retainerhaving a thickness equal to the GRAPHITAR wallthickness. For thinner retainers, the strain in themetal component must be calculated separately.

0. D. InterferenceGRAPHITAR at max. temp. *Clearance

1/2" to 1-1/2" .0010 .0031-1/2" to 2-1/2" .0015 .0042-1/2" to 3-1/2" .0020 .0053-1/2" to 5" .0025 .0065" to 7" .0030 .0087" to 10" .0040 .010

GRAPHITAR Bearing GradesAll grades of GRAPHITAR provide good bearing characteristics, but some grades are specifically associatedwith bearing applications. The following table presents a selection of general purpose bearing grades:

GRAPHITARGRADE TYPICAL APPLICATIONSGrade 14 For heavily loaded, well lubricated applications. Water is an excellent lubricant for this grade.

Grade 18 For applications involving light loads and low speeds. An economical grade which is moldable into complex configurations.

Grade 39 For high speed, heavily loaded applications. Works well with light lubricants such as gasoline or kerosene and can be run without lubrication.

Grade 67 For light duty, non-lubricated applications. This grade is often used for guides and slides as well as conventional sleeve bearings.

Grade 80 For high temperature, low speed, marginally lubricated applications such as conveyors.

Grade 86 For a wide range of bearing applications which require good strength and hardness for high speed operations. Will handle heavy loadsunder either dry or lubricated conditions.

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Seal DesignGRAPHITAR is self lapping and flexible enoughto conform closely to its mating surface.GRAPHITAR is also a very hard material and

extremely resistant to wear.It is lubricated by mostfluids so that the mediumbeing sealed can serve asthe seal lubricant.GRAPHITAR’s permeabilitycan be controlled to allowthe lubricating medium to bemetered to the sealingsurface or to completely

contain even the most volatile fluids.GRAPHITAR is dimensionally stable underwide temperature variations and is stronglyresistant to most chemical environments.

A typical face seal consists of a stationaryseat, a rotating seal ring and the necessaryhardware to hold both elements in place.The drawing above illustrates a typicalmechanical face seal design. In general, theretaining mechanism for a GRAPHITAR sealring should provide an evenly distributedpressure on the ring, sufficient to maintainthe seal under any operating or static condi-tions. Additional pressure will only increasewear on the ring and mating seat.

The efficiency of a mechanical seal dependsupon the degree of conformity of the twosealing surfaces. Ideally, the seal memberand its seat should fit so perfectly that theyare separated only by the thickness of aboundary layer of lubricant. The GRAPHITARsealing member will very quickly assume themating shape in service. Some GRAPHITARseals are lapped to very close tolerances.Some are ground to commercial tolerancesand allowed to assume the shape of themating member in the initial run-in. MoldedGRAPHITAR parts are most economical, butrequire a longer run-in period to form a seal.After its initial run-in, a GRAPHITAR seal willexhibit very little wear provided the shapeand finish of the mating surface remainunchanged.

Mating MaterialsAs a rule, GRAPHITAR seals run bestagainst a hard mating surface. Cast iron,hardened steel, chrome plated steel,ceramics and GRAPHITAR are all satisfac-tory seat materials. In addition to hardness,a prime factor in the selection of a matingmaterial is its chemical compatibility with theenvironment. This is one reason why runningGRAPHITAR against GRAPHITAR is often thesolution to sealing problems where corrosivemedia are involved.

GRAPHITAR Seals GradesMost GRAPHITAR grades willgive satisfactory performancein seal applications. However, the following grades havebeen developed especially for use in seals:

GRAPHITARGRADE TYPICAL APPLICATIONSGrade 30A For low to medium pressure oil sealing

applications.This grade has relatively high porosity, which aids seal face lubrication.

Grade 39 A universal grade for use in high pressure applica-tions. Can be used to seal almost any medium except very strong oxidizing or alkaline agents. Grade 39 is the hardest of all GRAPHITAR grades, with a shore scleroscope reading of 100.

Grade 67 Similar to grade 30A in low to medium pressureapplications.

Grade 70 This grade will perform well in non-lubricated service such as sealing air.

Grade 86 A universal grade for lubricated or non-lubricated service. Offers excellent compressive strength, anextremely low porosity and excellent wear resistance.

Grade 114 A very strong, hard grade, resistant to any chem-ical in which GRAPHITAR can function. Frequentlyused in sealing gasses.

Grade 2690 A high temperature material for seal applications.Grade 3048 For aircraft engine main shaft seals. Combines

excellent lubricity with good oxidation resistance for long service life.

GRAPHITARGRAPHITAR®

Housing (stationary)

GRAPHITARGRAPHITAR®

7

Vane PumpsVane pumps use GRAPHITAR vanes, endplates, liners and rotors. For best perform-ance, GRAPHITAR vanes are machined for aclose-tolerance fit between vane and rotor, aradiused contact edge and an exact length.Vanes should be specified up to the minimumlength of the rotor. No allowance need bemade for swelling of the vane in service.GRAPHITAR’s high degree of stability in anypumped medium will maintain the closeclearance originally built into the assembly.Centrifugal force is sufficient in most applica-tions to maintain vane contact with the liner.Some low-speed pumps may require the useof a spring, hydraulic or pneumatic pressurebehind the vane.

Inlet and outlet ports are usually molded intoGRAPHITAR end plates to avoid radialmachining on the pump liner. A commerciallap will give the bearing surface adequateflatness as it will seat itself against therotating parts in operation. Liners arefinished to the same length as the rotor bylapping both ends to a high degree offlatness and parallelism.

Piston PumpsGRAPHITAR parts have also been success-fully used in reciprocating pumps. Pistons,piston rings and valve plates of GRAPHITARgive longer life and positive sealing in applica-tions where lubrication problems prohibit theuse of other materials. Tensile loads on thepiston can be met by running the rodthrough the piston and compressing theGRAPHITAR member between two metalwashers. For applications where positivepressure is maintained on the piston, anopen ball joint has given excellent perform-ance. Piston rings can be gapped orsegmented, with either buff or lap joints.

Service LifeProperly designed and assembled,GRAPHITAR pump components can beexpected to show virtually no mechanical wearafter a very short run-in period - provided theirmating surfaces are hard and smooth.

MoldingAll GRAPHITAR parts consist of graphite andcarbon powders, molded to the desired shapeunder tremendous pressure and furnacedabove 2000°F. Any contour on the outsideand inside diameters, providing it is the fulllength of the part, can be formed. Shoulders,counterbores, blind holes and cavities can bemolded into the part; depth should be limitedto 1/3 of the length or thickness of part.Through holes are not a problem. Due toshrinkage during furnacing, molded toler-ances between 1% and 2% of dimension,with a minimum of .005”, are required. Theexact tolerances will depend on size, gradeand shape of part. Length is the most difficultdimension to control by molding. Generally,030”, per inch length will apply with aminimum of .020” for parts up to 1/2” long.

Size LimitsThe maximum size of a single GRAPHITARcomponent is limited by USG’s presscapacity. Since the pressure required tomold each grade to its optimum physicalproperties varies, the maximum projectedarea of GRAPHITAR parts may changeaccording to grade. See the GRAPHITARgrade list on page 10 for specific values.Parts larger than these limits can be bondedor mechanically assembled components; sealrings as large as 28” in diameter have beenproduced. Sections of less than .060”should not be molded.

Standard TolerancesGRAPHITAR parts are generally machined toa standard tolerance of .004” on most dimen-sions. Parts can be made to tolerances assmall as .0002” with special techniques. Thefollowing table details tolerances that arenormally held on GRAPHITAR parts machinedby USG:

STANDARD TOLERANCESDIMENSION TOLERANCEOutside Diameter 0.004" 0.10mmInside Diameter 0.004" 0.10mmLength (thickness) 0.010" 0.25mmParallelism 0.004" 0.10mmConcentricity (T.I.R.) 0.004" 0.10mm

NOTE: Closer tolerances available as required

8

ACIDSAbietic A B C D - FAcetic A B - D - FAcetic Anhydride A B - D - FAcetylsalicylic A B C D - FAdipic A B C D - FAqua Regia - - - - - -Arsenic A B C D - FAscorbic A B C D - FBattery A B - D - FBenzensulfonic A B C D - FBenzoic A B C D - FBoiler Acid Phosphates A B C D - FBoric A B C D - FButyric A B C D - FCarbolic A B - D - FCarbonic A B - D - FChlorine(Anhydrous Liquid) A B - - - FChloric - - - - - -Chlorous - - - - - -Chloroacetic A B - D - FChlorosulfonic A B - D - FChromic - - - - - FCitric A B C D - FCresylic A B C D - FCyanic A B - D - FFatty Acids A B C D - FFluoboric - - - - - FFluosilicic A B - - - FFormic A B C D - FGallic A B C D - FGlutamic A B C D - FHydrobromic A B - D - FHydrochloric A B - D - FHydrocyanic A B - D - FHydrofluoric - - - - - FHydrofluosilicic A B - - - FHydrogen Peroxide - - - - - -Hypochlorous - - - - - FIsophthalic A B - D - FLactic A B C D - FLauric A B C D - FMaleic A B - D - FMalic A B - D - FMuriatic A B - D - FNitrating (To 75%) - - - - - FNitric 0 to 20% A B - - - FNitric 20 to 100% - - - - - FNitrous A B - - - FOleic A B - D - FOleurn - - - - - -Orthophosphoric A B - D - FOrganic Acids A B - D - FOxalic A B C D - FPalmitic A B C D - FPerchloric - B - - - -Phenolsulfonic A B - D - FPhosphoric (Glacial) A B - D - FPhthalic A B - D - FPicric A B - D - FPropionic A B - D - FPyrogallic A B - D - FSalicylic A B - D - FSorbic A B - D - FStearic A B C D - FSuccinic A B - D - FSulphuric (0-75%) A B - D - F

Sulphuric (75-96%) A - - - - FSulfurous A B - - - FTannic A B C D - FTartaric A B C D - FTerephthalic A B - D - FToluenesulfonic A B - D - FToluic A B - D - FTrichloroacetic A B - D - FUric A B - D - FValeric A B - D - FVinyl Acetate A B - D - FALKALINE CHEMICALSAmmonium Carbonate A B - D - FAmmonium Hydroxide A B - D - FAmyl Amines A - - D - FAnhydrous Ammonia Liquid A B - D - FBarium Hydroxide A B - D - FBleaching Powder - - - D - FButyl Amines A B - D - FCalcium Carbonate A B - D - FCalcium Hydroxide A B - D - FCalcium Hypochlorite - - - D - FCalcium Oxide - - - D - FCaustic Soda - - - D - FCyclohexylamine A B - D - FDetergents A B - D - FDiethanol Amine A B - D - FDisodium Phosphate A B - D - FHydrazine - - - - - -Hydroxylamine A B - D - FLime Slurries - - - D - FLithium Carbonate A B - D - FLithium Hydroxide A B - D - FLye - - - D - FMagnesium Hydroxide A B - D - FMonoethanolamine A B - D - FMorpholine A B - D - FPotassium Bicarbonate A B - D - FPotassium Carbonate A B - D - FPotassium Chlorate - - - D - FPotassium Cyanide A B - D - FPotassium Hydroxide - - - D - FPotassium Phosphate A B - D - FPyridine A B - D - FSoap & Soap Solutions A B C D - FSodium Bicarbonate A B - D - FSodium Carbonate A B - D - FSodium Hydroxide - - - D - FSodium Hypochlorite - - - D - FSodium Peroxide - - - - - -Sodium Phosphate A B - D - FSodium Tetraborate A B - D - F“Tetramine” C A B - D - FTriethanolamine A B - D - FTriethylamine A B - D - FTrisodium Phosphate A B - D - FU rea A B - D - FWater Glass A B - D - FSALT SOLUTIONSAlkylaryl Sulfonates A B C D - FAllyl Chloride A B - D - FAlum (Ammonia) A B - D - FAlum (Chrome) A B - D - FAlum (Potash) A B - D - FAluminum Chloride A B - D- FAluminum Sulfate A B - D - F

Ammonium Bicarbonate A B - D - FAmmonium Carbonate A B - D - FAmmonium Chloride A B - D - FAmmonium Nitrate A B - D - FAmmonium Phosphate A B - D - FAmmonium Sulfate A B - D - FAmmonium Thiocyanate A B - D - FArsenic Trichloride A B - D - FBaking Soda A B - D - FBarium Carbonate A B - D - FBa rium Ch oride A B - D - FBarium Suifate A B - D - FBarium Sulfide A B - D - FBorax A B - D - FBoiler Feed Water Compounds A B C D- FCalcium Bisulfite A B - D - FCalcium Chloride A B - D - FCalcium Sulfate A B - D - FCalgon A B C D - FChromium Potassium Sulfate A B - D - FCopper Chloride A B - D - FCopper Nitrate A B - D - FCopper Sulfate A B - D - FFerric Chloride A B - D - FFerric Sulfate A B - D - FFerrous Chloride A B - D - FFerrous Sulfate A B - D - FGlauber’s Salt A B - D - FInk A B - D - FLead Acetate A B - D - FLead Carbonate A B - D - FLead Nitrate A B - D - FLithium Carbonate A B - D - FMagnesium Chloride A B - D - FMagnesium Oxide A B - D - FMagnesium Sulfate A B - D - FManganous Sulfate A B - D - FMercury Salts A B - D - FNickel Acetate A B - D - FNickel Chloride A B - D - FNickel Nitrate A B - D - FNickel Sulfate A B - D - FNylon Salt A B - D - FPhosphorus Trichloride A - - - - FPotassium Bisulfide A B - D - FPotassium Carbonate A B - D - FPotassium Chloride A B - D - FPotassium Chromate A B - D - FPotassium Cyanide A B - D - FPotassium Iodide A B - D - FPotassium Permanganate A - - - - FPotassium Phosphates A B - D - FPotassium Sulfate A B - D - FSal Ammoniac A B - D - FSal Soda A B - D - FSea Water A B - D - FSilver Nitrate - B - - - FSoda Ash A B - D - FSodium Aluminate A B - D - FSodium Acid Sulfate A B - D - FSodium Bicarbonate A B - D - FSodium Bisulfate A B - D - FSodium Bisulfite A B - D - FSodium Borate A B - D - FSodium Carbonate A B - D - FSodium Chloride A B - D - F

2 64 14 77 101 2831 2767 2690 1113 67 35 86 102 2832 2840 2866 11218 75 38 88 103 2833 2864 2936 11330A 80 39 89 105 2835 2865 2980 11434 84 40 92 107 2837 304848 110 47 94 109 2859

2413 70 95 2887108 2957

3030

Chemical Compatibility ofGraphitar®

Resistance to chemical attack varies amongGRAPHITAR Grades. GRAPHITAR Grades can begrouped into six chemical compatibility categories ...see Chart at left. A GRAPHITAR component may becompatible with its chemical environment, yet suffermechanical damage from corroded mating parts. Thissituation can be avoided by specifying GRAPHITAR forboth mating surfaces.

CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY CHART

Graphitar Grades by Chemical compatibility category.

A B C D E F

CHEMICALGRAPHITARCATEGORY

SUGGESTEDCHEMICAL

GRAPHITARCATEGORY

SUGGESTEDCHEMICAL

GRAPHITARCATEGORY

SUGGESTED

9

CHEMICALGRAPHITARCATEGORY

SUGGESTEDCHEMICAL

GRAPHITARCATEGORY

SUGGESTEDCHEMICAL

GRAPHITARCATEGORY

SUGGESTED

Sodium Chromate A B - D - FSodium Cyanide A B - D - FSodium Dichromate A B - D - FSodium Fluoride A B - D - FSodium Nitrate A B - D - FSodium Nitrite A B - D - FSodium Phosphates A B - D - FSodium Silicate A B - D - FSodium Sulfate A B - D - FSodium Sulfide A B - D - FSodium Sulfite A B - D - FSodium Thiosulfate A B - D - FStannic Chloride A B - D - FStannous Fluoride A B - D - FSulfate Liquors A B - D - FTrisodium Phosphate A B - D - FZinc Acetate A B - D - FZinc Ammonium Chloride A B - D - FZinc Chloride A B - D - FZinc Hydrosulfite A B - D - FZinc Sulfate A B - D - FFOOD & FOOD PRODUCTSAspirin A B C D - FAlcohol - B - D - FAle - B - D - FBeer - B - D - FBeet Sugar Liquors - B - D - FButter - B - D - FButtermilk - B - D - FCane Sugar Liquors - B - D - FCastor Oil - B - D - FCheeses - B - D - FChocolate - B - D - FCider - B - D - FCitrus Juices - B - D - FCoconut Oil - B - D - FCoffee - B - D - FCola Drinks - B - D - FCorn Oil - B - D - FCornstarch Slurry - B - D - FCottonseed Oil - B - D - FDextrin - B - D - FDextrose - B - D - FEggs - B - D - FFish Oil - B - D - FFruit Juices - B - D - FGelatin - B - D - FHydrogenated Fats - B - D - FIce Cream - B - D - FJelly - B - D - FKetchup - B - D - FLard - B - D - FMalt - B - D - FMonnitol - B - D - FMayonnaise - B - D - FMaple Shrup - B - D - FMilk - B - D - FMineral Oil - B - D - FMolasses - B - D - FMonosodiurn Glutamate - B - D - FOleomargarine - B - D - FOlive Oil - B - D - FPalm Oil - B - D - FPickle Solutions - B - D - FSalad Oil - B - D - FSorbitol - B - D - FSaccharine - B - D - FSoybean Oil - B - D - FSugar Solutions - B - D - FSoft Drinks - B - D - FStarches - B - D - FVegetable Oil - B - D - FVinegar - B - D - FWhiskey & Wine - B - D - FWate\r - B - D - FYeast - B - D - FYogurt - B - D - FGASESAcetylene A B C D E FAir A B C D E FAmmonia Wet) A B - D - FAmmonia Anhydrous) A - - D - F

Argon (inert) A B C D E FBoron Trifluoride A B - D - FBromine - - - - - FButadiene A B C D E FButane A B C D E FButylene A B C D E FCarbon Dioxide A B C D E FCarbon Monoxide A B C D E FChlorine - - - - - FCyanogen A B C D E FCyclohexane A B C D E FEthane A B C D E FEther A B C D E FEthylene A B C D E FFluorine - - - - - -Freons A B C D E FHydrogen A B C D E FHydrogen Chloride A B C D E FHydrogen Fluoride - - - - - FHydrogen Sulfide A B - D E FIodine - - - - - FMethane A B C D E FNatural Gas A B C D E FNeon A B C D E FNitric Oxide A B C D E FNitrogen A B C D E FNitrous Oxide A B C D E FOxygen A B C D E FPhosgene - - - - E FPropane A B C D E FPropylene A B C D E FSteam (to 500 F.) A B C D - FSulfur Dioxide A B - D - FSulfur Trioxide - - - - - -SOLVENTS & ORGANIC MATERIALSAcetaldehyde A B C D - FAcetone A B C D - FAcetophenone A B C D - FAcrolein A B C D - FAcetate Solvents A B C D - FAlmond Oil A B C D - FAmyl Acetate A B C D - FAmyl Alcohol A B C D - FAmyl Chloride A B C D - FAniline A B C D - FAnthracene A B C D - FAsphalt A B C D - FBenzaldehyde A B C D - FBenzene A B C D - FButyl Alcohol A B C D - FButyl “Cellosolve” A B C D - FCamphor A B C D - FCarbitols (Diethylene Glycol Ethers) A B C D - FCarbon Disulfide A B C D - FCarbon Tetrachloride A B C D - FChloral A B C D - FChlorobenzene A B C D - FChlorothene A B C D - FChloroform A B C D - FCoal Tar A B C D - FCreosote A B C D - FCresol A B C D - FCrotonaldehyde A B C D - FCumene A B C D - FCyclohexane A B C D - FDiacetone A B C D - FDibutyl Phosphite A B C D - FDibutyl Phthalate A B C D - FDichloroethane A B C D - FDichloropentane A B C D - FDiesel Oil A B C D - FDiethylbenzene A B C D - FDiethyleneglycol A B C D - FDiethyl Sulfate A B C D - FDimethyl Phthalate A B C D - FDioxane A B C D - FDipentene A B C D - FDiphenyl A B C D - FDowtherms A B C D - FEther-Diethyl A B C D - FEther-Petroleum A B C D - FEthyl Acetate A B C D - F

Ethyl Alcohol A B C D - FEthyl Benzene A B C D - FEthyl Chloride A B C D - FEthyl Mercaptan A B C D - FEthyl Sulfate A B C D - FEthylene A B C D - FEthylene Dichloride A B C D - FEthylene Glycol A B C D - FEthylene Oxide A B C D - FFormaldehyde A B C D - FFreon (Liquefied) A B C D - FFuel Oil A B C D - FFurfural A B C D - FFurfuryl Alcohol A B C D - FGasoline A B C D - FGlycerine A B C D - FGlue A B C D - FHeptane A B C D - FHydrazine Hydrate A B C D - FIsobutyl Acetate A B C D - FIsobutyl Alcohol A B C D - FIsopropyl Acetate A B C D - FIsopropyl Alcohol A B C D - FIsopropyl Ether A B C D - FJet Fuel A B C D - FKerosene A B C D - FKetones A B C D - FLubricating Oil A B C D - FLacquers & Lacquer Solvents A B C D - FLinseed Oil A B C D - FLigroin (Petroleum Ether) A B C D - FMethyl Acetate A B C D - FMethyl Acrylate A B C D - FMethyl Alcohol A B C D - FMethyl “Cellosolve” A B C D - FMethyl Chloride A B C D - FMethylethyl Ether A B C D - FMethyl Ethyl Ketone A B C D - FMethyl Formate A B C D - FMethyl Isobutyl Ketone A B C D - FMethyl Salicylate A B C D - FMineral Oil A B C D - FMineral Spirits A B C D - FMonoch loro benzene A B C D - FNaphtha A B C D - FNaphthalene A B C D - FNitrobenzene A B C D - FOctyl Alcohol A B C D - FOleyl Alcohol A B C D - FOrtho Dichlorobenzene A B C D - FPaint & Paint Vehicles A B C D - FParaffin A B C D - FParaffin Oils A B C D - FPara Dichlorobenzene A B C D - FParaformaldehyde A B C D - FParaldehyde A B C D - FPerchloroethylene A B C D - FPhenol A B C D - FPine Oil A B C D - FPolyethylene A B C D - FPolystyrene A B C D - FPolyurethane A B C D - FPrestone A B C D - FPropyl Alcohol A B C D - FPropylene Dichloride A B C D - FResorcinol A B C D - FStoddard Solvent A B C D - FStyrene A B C D - FTar A B C D - FTetrachloroethane A B C D - FTerachloroethylene A B C D - FToluene A B C D - FTrichlorobenzene A B C D - FTrichloroethylene A B C D - FTricresyl Phosphate A B C D - FTurpentine A B C D - FVarnish A B C D - FVinyl Acetate A B C D - FVinyl Chloride A B C D - FWater A B C D - FWaxes A B C D - FXylene A B C D - F

GRAPHITARGRAPHITAR®

10

1 70 12,500 3,500 2,500 1.6 1.9 3.6 700 1.68 14 60 CG14 90 38,000 11,000 8,500 2.8 3.0 4.6 500 1.85 0.5 60 CGR18 75 20,000 5,500 3,500 2.1 2.2 4.7 700 1.70 12 75 CG

30-A 85 25,000 7,000 5,500 18 2.5 3.7 700 1.68 13 45 CG34 88 18,000 6,000 3,500 1.2 2.5 4.8 700 1.65 14 45 CGR35 98 38,000 11,000 7,000 2.1 3.9 5.9 500 1.7 0.7 45 CGR38 100 35,000 10,500 8,500 2.5 3.6 3.8 500 1.80 2 45 CGR39 100 38,000 11,500 9,000 2.5 3.4 3.8 500 1.82 1 45 CGR40 85 28,000 9,000 6,500 2.5 3.0 4.1 500 1.82 3.4 60 CGR47 95 36,000 11,000 9,500 3.0 2.7 6.4 500 1.88 0.5 60 CGR48 45 4,500 2,500 1,000 0.5 1.2 27.0 750 1.72 17 45 G64 35 5,000 3,000 2,500 1.8 1.0 27.0 700 1.80 9 75 CG67 75 13,000 6,500 4,000 1.6 2.1 5.3 700 1.72 11 45 CG70 85 28,000 8,000 6,500 2.2 3.2 5.5 500 1.80 3 45 CGR77 60 12,000 6,000 3,500 1.5 2.8 28.0 500 1.88 3 60 GR80 75 25,000 10,000 5,500 2.4 2.3 7.0 700 1.80 7 45 CG84 80 30,000 11,000 6,500 2.8 2.3 7.0 700 1.85 6 45 CG86 90 36,000 12,500 9,500 3.0 2.3 7.6 500 1.90 0.5 45 CGR88 95 28,000 8,000 6,000 1.8 2.9 3.9 350 1.80 0.5 45 CGR92 90 32,000 8,800 7,000 2.8 3.2 5.1 500 1.82 3 75 CGR94 90 30,000 8,500 6,000 2.2 3.5 5.5 500 1.82 1 45 CGR95 40 6,000 3,500 3,000 2.0 1.5 27.5 350 1.85 1 45 GR

101 85 38,000 10,500 8,500 2.9 2.9 7.0 350 2.75 1 75 CGB102 88 38,000 9,500 7,500 2.6 3.1 8.7 700 2.35 4 75 CGCu103 89 35,000 10,500 7,500 2.8 3.1 9.3 700 2.70 3 75 CGAg105 84 35,000 11,400 8,500 2.8 3.4 8.5 700 2.35 2 45 CGCuPb107 92 38,000 10,000 7,500 3.5 2.4 7.0 700 2.20 1 75 CGSb108 77 17,000 4,200 3,000 1.8 2.4 3.8 350 1.80 3 60 CGR109 85 40,000 11,500 7,500 3.5 3.1 8.5 700 2.70 1 75 CGCuPb110 92 32,000 10,000 8,500 3.3 2.3 8.0 700 1.9 1 45 CG113 100 34,000 10,000 8,000 2.5 3.5 3.5 500 1.8 2 75 CGR114 90 34,000 12,000 9,000 2.9 2.7 8.0 500 1.90 0.5 45 CGR

2413 60 7,000 2,500 1,000 1.0 2.3 4.1 700 1.55 20 50 CG2690 97 23,000 6,400 5,000 1.4 2.4 20.6 1200 1.82 9 50 CGH2767 90 25,000 8,000 6,000 2.0 3.4 5.5 500 1.83 0.5 45 CGR2887 85 38,00 10,500 8,000 3.0 2.3 9.0 350 2.30 0.5 45 CGBR2980 65 15,000 4,500 4,000 1.8 2.3 30.0 1000 1.85 4.0 50 CGH3030 97 60,000 14,000 10,500 3.6 2.9 8.5 700 2.35 0.5 CGCrNi3048 67 16,200 6,500 4,500 1.8 2.3 30.0 1000 1.85 5.0 50 CGH

Graphitar® Grade ListImportant Note: Data based on average values from standard specimens, tested in the moldingdirection on conventional laboratory equipment. Variations may occur due to part configuration,fabrication techniques or methods of measurement. Values are typical and should not be used forspecifications.

*Average values at 70° to 500°F**Maximum size for optimum properties. Larger parts can usually be produced with some reduction of physical properties.***Composition: C=carbon, G=graphite, B=babbitt, Cu=copper, Sb=antimony, Ag=silver, Pb=lead, R=resin impregnated,

H=High-temperature treated.

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A World Leader in the Carbon Industry.

1620 East Holland, Saginaw, Michigan 48601Phone: (989) 755-0441 • Fax: (989) 755-0445

sales@usgraphite.netwww.usgraphite.net

GLEDCO ENGINEERED MATERIALS LTD.Bankfield Terrace Leeds LS4 2JRUnited KingdomPhone: 44 (0) 113-275-1144 Fax: (44 (0) 113-230-4724sales@usggledco.co.ukwww.usggledco.co.uk

11/03