Guided by:Mr. P.K.SAHUPresented by:Sunanda yadavBiswajit pandaShasi bhusan Beena kumariSanjeet kumarNeha sahaySEC-CCOMPUTER GRAPHICS

GRAPHICS APPLICATION GRAPHICS APPLICATION

COMPUTER GRAPHICS ARE GRAPHICS CREATED USING COMPUTER AND MORE GENERALLY THE REPRESENTATION AND MANIPULATION OF PICTORIAL DATA BY A COMPUTER IT GENERALLY MEANS CREATION STORAGE AND MANIPULATION OF MODELS AND IMAGES . The phrase Computer Graphics was coined in 1960 by William Fetter.

PIXEL - A pixel is the smallest piece of information in an image. Pixels are normally arranged in a regular 2-dimensional grid, and are often represented using dots or squares. IMAGE - image or picture is an artifact, usually two-dimensional, that has a similar appearance to some subjectusually a physical object or a person. Images may be two-dimensional, such as a photograph, screen display, and as well as a three-dimensional, such as a statue.

RENDERING - Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model, by means of computer programs. The model is a description of three dimensional objects in a strictly defined language or data structure .

GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES GUI A program interface that takes advantage of the computer's graphics capabilities to make the program easier to use. Well-designed graphical user interfaces can free the user from learning complex command languages. Eg. Microsoft windows .

The art or the science of drawing; esp. of drawing according to mathematical rules, as in perspective, projection

WHAT IS GRAPHICS DESIGN? The term graphic design can refer to a number of artistic and professional disciplines which focus on visual communication and presentation. Various methods are used to create and combine symbols, images and/or words to create a visual representation of ideas and messages .

We want images on computers to not just look more realistic, but also to BE more realistic in their colors, the way objects and rooms are lighted, and the way different materials appear. We call this work "realistic image synthesis", and the following series of pictures will show some of our techniques in stages from very simple pictures through very realistic ones

Computer graphics goes back to the earliest days of computingStrip charts Pen plotters Simple displays using A/D converters to go from computer to calligraphic CRT Computers slow, expensive, unreliable

Wire frame graphics

- draw only lines. Display processor

Raster graphics;

Image produced as an array (the raster) of picture elements (pixels) in the frame buffer.

Photorealism comes to computer graphics.Graphics cards for PCs dominate market:

Nvidia, ATI, 3DLabs Game boxes and game players determine

direction of market.Computer graphics routine in movie industry:

Maya, Lightwave Programmable pipelines.

IN BUSINESS:

Campaigns Banners Brochures Internet websites & Advertisements

IN Entertainment:

Modern games MorphingAnimationsMusic videos

Graphics are needed in order to better train medical students and doctors .

Allow errors to be made on virtual rather than real patients

Alleviate the animal rights controversy and the shortage of cadavers problem

Permit efficacious treatment for patients.

Allow reduction in medical costs (less liability suits, cheaper training - emergency response).

Concerned with analysis and manipulation of images by computers.It improves picture quality.Machine perception of visual information, as used in robotics.

IN COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN: Buildings AutomobilesAircraft , spacecraft , watercraft .TextilesCOMPUTERS

LCD display devices

CRT displays

LED displays

PLASMA displays

CRT DISPLAY

LED DISPLAY

LCD DISPLAY

PLASMA DISPLAY

Two general classification:

GENERAL PROGRAMMING PACKAGES

SPECIAL-PURPOSE APPLICATIONS PACKAGES

Extensive set of graphics functions used in high programming language such as C or FORTRAN.FUNCTIONS:Generating picture components(straightline,circles,polygon)Setting color and intensity valuesSelecting views and applying transformations.Examples:Graphics library system on silicon graphics equipment.

Designed for nonprogrammers so they can generate displays without worrying about how graphics work.FUNCTIONS:Allow users to communicate with the programs in their own termsEXAMPLES:Artists painting programsVarious business,medical,CADsystems

CorelAdobe PhotoShopAdobe Photo DeluxePaint Shop ProWindows PaintMicrosoft Image Composer

2D computer graphics

It is the computer-based generation of digital imagesmostly from two-dimensional models, such as 2D geometric models .

These are mainly used in applications that were originally developed upon traditional printing and drawing technologies, such as typography, cartography, technical drawing, advertising, etc.

Dimention consist of length and width -2D graphics started in the 1950s, based on vector graphics devices .

-3D graphics are graphics that use a three-dimensional representation of geometric data (often Cartesian) that is stored in the computer for the purposes of performing calculations and rendering 2D images. -These are often referred to as 3D models. Apart from the rendered graphic, the model is contained within the graphical data file .-A model can be displayed visually as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3D rendering, or used in non-graphical computer simulations and calculations.

-Basics phases: 3D modeling 3D rendering-Dimention consist of length , width and depth

MODELLINGIt describes the process of forming the shape of an object.RENDERINGIt produces an image of an object.

RASTER - A raster graphics image or bitmap is a data structure representing a generally rectangular grid of pixels, or points of color, viewable via a monitor, paper, or other display medium.

VECTOR - Vector graphics formats are complementary to raster graphics, which is the representation of images as an array of pixels, as it is typically used for the representation of photographic images.

Vector diagramsRaster diagramsOUTLINEPRIMITIVESFILLEDPRIMITIVES

VECTOR GRAPHICSIt is generated using drawing or illustration programs.

Image is represented by continuous geometric objects.

Geometric transformation without loss of information.Conversion from vector to raster is easy.RASTER GRAPHICSThey are produced by digital images capture devices such as digital camera.Image is represented as an rectangular grid of coloured squares.

Geometric transformation with loss of informationconversion of raster to vector is difficult.

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