Theory Theorist/s Synopsis ReferencesActivities of Living Model

Nancy Roper----------------Winifred W. Logan----------------Alison Tierney

This model stresses continual patient assessment. Incorporating a life span approach, a person is considered in terms of past, present, and potential development. Merging a set of twelve activities with the nursing process, a plan of care is formulated.

Models of nursing: their relevance to the care of elderly people. Reed J; Robbins I; Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1991 Nov; 16 (11): 1350-7.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nursing models: extant or extinct? Tierney AJ; Journal of Advanced Nursing, 1998 Jul; 28 (1): 77-85.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Practical application of the Roper-Logan-Tierney model in healthcare [Spanish]. Atienza E; Delgado T; Carmen Rubio M; Enfermeria Clinica, 2003 Sep-Oct; 13 (5): 295-302.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Roper-Logan-Tierney Model: a model in nursing practice. Roper N; Logan W; Tierney A; Walker PH; In: Blueprint for use of nursing models: education, research, practice, and administration..; National League for Nursing, 1996. 289-314.

Care, Core & Cure

Lydia Eloise Hall

Hall believed that patients should receive care only from professional nurses. Patients could be thought of in three separate domains: hands-on bodily care (care), using the self in relationship to the patient (core), and application of medical knowledge (cure).

The Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, Bronx, New York. Hall LE. Int J Nurs Stud. 1969 Jul;6(2):81-97--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chemicals that kill pests can also kill people--so handle them with care. Hall LE. Md Nurs News. 1968 Spring;36(1):2-12. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------NURSING--WHAT IS IT? HALL LE. Can Nurse. 1964 Feb; 60:150-4. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Center for Nursing. Hall LE. Nursing Outlook. 1963, 11, 804-806.

Complexity Nursing Theory

Ioannis Kalofissudis----------------Dr. Sharon L. Van Sell

This provides for personal self-development on nurses as individuals and as professionals. This provides a philosophical approach to caring and can contribute to enhancing the understanding of the caring process.

The evolving essence of the science of nursing: a complexity integration nursing theory (the theory of Sharon L. Van Sell and Ioannis A Kalofissudis). An introductory presentation. Sapountzi-Krepia D; ICUs & Nursing Web Journal, 2001 Oct-2002 Jan (8). --------------------------------------------------------------------------------The meaning of nursing theory in daily nursing practise.Kalofissudis IA; Health Science Journal, 2007 Jul-Sep; 1 (3): 1-3.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------The theory of nursing knowledge. Kalofissudis I; Health Science Journal, 2007 Oct-Dec; 1 (4).

Theory Theorist/s Synopsis ReferencesCultural Care, Diversity & Universality

Madeleine Leininger, PhD

A pioneer nurse anthropologist, Leininger realized it is essential for nurses to understand their patients’ culture and background for optimal care.

Founder's focus: transcultural nursing care makes a big outcome difference. Leininger M. J Transcult Nurs. 2003 Apr;14(2):157. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Founder's focus: types of sciences and transcultural nursing knowledge. Leininger M. J Transcult Nurs. 2001 Oct;12(4):333. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Founder's focus: certification of transcultural nurses for quality and safe consumer care. Leininger M. J Transcult Nurs. 2001 Jul;12(3):242. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Founder's focus: theoretical, research, and clinical critiques to advance transcultural nursing scholarship. Leininger M. J Transcult Nurs. 2001 Jan;12(1):71.

Environmental Adaptation Model

Florence Nightingale

Nightingale’s theory and its effects on health were ground-breaking in recognizing the importance of the total patient environment: “internal, external, and constructed.” This was the first time a theorist approached health care that looked at a larger picture of patient care.

Weatherston, L. (1981). Bridging the gap: liaison between nursing education and nursing service. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 6147-152.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Baker, D. (2005). Florence nightingale today: healing, leadership, global action. Family & Community Health, 28(4), 358-359. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Welch, M. (1986). Nineteenth-century philosophic influences on Nightingale's concept of the person. Journal of Nursing History, 1(2), 3-11.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Pesut, B., & Johnson, J. (2008). Reinstating the 'Queen': understanding philosophical inquiry in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(1), 115-121.

Functional Health Patterns

Marjory Gordon

11 categories make possible a standardized approach to data collection, determining aspects of health and human function.

Family as client: using Gordon's Health Pattern Typology. Nettle C; Pavelich J; Jones N; Beltz C; Laboon P; Pifer P; Journal of Community Health Nursing, 1993; 10 (1): 53-61.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Functional Health Patterns: a curricular course model for adult acute care. Vincenz MC; Siskind MM; Nursing Diagnosis, 1994 Apr-Jun; 5 (2): 82-7.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Using Gordon's functional health patterns to organize a critical care orientation program. Recker D; O'Brien C; Focus on Critical Care, 1992 Feb; 19 (1): 21-2, 24-5, 28.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Walking the talk: one hospital's experience in implementing a conceptual framework for nursing practice. Best M; Maslak L; Thurston N; Wild C; Canadian Journal of Nursing Administration, 1994 Jan-Feb; 7 (1): 7-20

Theory Theorist/s Synopsis ReferencesHealth as Expanding Consciousness

Dr. Margaret Newman

Building on Rogers’ Theory of Unitary Human Beings, Newman defines consciousness as the mechanism of interacting with the environment. It also includes interconnectedness with the system.

Awa, M., & Yamashita, M. (2008). Persons' experience of HIV/AIDS in Japan: application of Margaret Newman's theory. International Nursing Review, 55(4), 454-461.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Jones, D. (2006). Newman's health as expanding consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 19(4), 330-332.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Newman, M. (2000). Health as expanding consciousness. Sudsbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Newman, M. (1997). Evolution of the theory of health as expanding consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1), 22-25.

Human Becoming Theory

Rosemarie R. Parse

Structured around three themes (“meaning”, “rhythmicity”, and “transcendence”), people participate in creating what is real to them and they pull away at the same time and forge their own path.

Considering tomorrow: Parse's theory-guided research. Bunkers SS; Nursing Science Quarterly, 1998 Summer; 11 (2): 56-63.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Contrasting two approaches in a community-based nursing practice with older adults: the medical model and Parse's nursing theory. Baumann SL; Nursing Science Quarterly, 1997 Fall; 10 (3): 124-30.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ethical issues. An ethical framework for nursing practice: Parse's human becoming theory. Pilkington FB; Nursing Science Quarterly, 1999 Jan; 12 (1): 21-5.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Transforming research and practice with the human becoming theory. Parse RR; Nursing Science Quarterly, 1997 Winter; 10 (4): 171-4.

Humane Holistic Care for Patients

Virginia Avernal Henderson

Henderson categorized nursing activities into 14 categories which are based on human needs. Henderson described the role as doing for, working with, and helping the person become as independent as possible.

The nature of nursing: a definition and its implications for practice, research, and education. Reflections after 25 years. Henderson VA; National League for Nursing, 1991.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Basic Principles of Nursing Care. Henderson VA; National League for Nursing, 1991. ICN, 1960.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Lindell ME, Olsson HM. Lack of care givers' knowledge causes unnecessary suffering in elderly patients. J Adv Nurs. 1989 Nov;14(11):976-9. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Castledine G. Virginia Henderson's legacy. Br J Nurs. 1996 Apr 25-May 8;5(8):517.

Theory Theorist/s Synopsis ReferencesHumanistic Model

Patricia E. Benner

Inspired by the Dreyfus model, Benner explored how nurses learn, adding educational strategies for each of the four stages (Advanced-beginner, competent, proficient, and expert).

Benner P. The wisdom of our practice. Am J Nurs. 2000 Oct;100(10):99-101, 103, 105.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Padgett SM. Benner and the critics: promoting scholarly dialogue. Sch Inq Nurs Pract. 2000 Fall;14(3):249-66; discussion 267-71. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Paley J. Intuition and expertise: comments on the Benner debate. J Adv Nurs. 1996 Apr;23(4):665-71.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Benner, P. (1984) From novice to expert - Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice, Addison-Wesley Publishing.

Humanistic Nursing Communication

Bonnie W. Duldt-Battey

This emphasizes the relationships of nurses, patients, peers, and colleagues. Designed to be used with other theories, two tools have been created (NCOT and JSCI) to conduct research.

Duldt B. "I-Thou" in nursing: research supporting Duldt's Theory. Perspect Psychiatr Care. 1991;27(3):5-12.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Duldt, B. W. And K. Giffin. (1985). Theoretical perspectives for nursing. Boston: Little, Brown and Company.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Puentes WJ. Cognitive therapy integrated with life review techniques: an eclectic treatment approach for affective symptoms in older adults. J Clin Nurs. 2004 Jan;13(1):84-9.

Humanistic Nursing Theory

Dr. Josephine Paterson----------------Dr. Loretta Zderdad

This is based on the idea that the defining moment of nursing is the interaction between the nurse and the patient.

Nursing care turned to the young adult human being who is the carrier of a chronic disease, under the light of Paterson and Zderad's humanistic nursing theory [sic] [Portuguese]. Muniz RM; Santana MG; Serqueira HC; Texto & Contexto Enfermagem, 2000 May-Aug; 9 (2 Part 1): 158-68--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nursing knowledge and human science: ontological and epistemological considerations. Mitchell GJ; Cody WK; Nursing Science Quarterly, 1992 Summer; 5 (2): 54-61.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Paterson and Zderdad: Humanistic nursing theory (notes on nursing theories). New York: Sage Publications, 1993.

Modeling & Role Modeling Theory

Helen C. Ericson----------------Evelyn M. Tomlin----------------Mary Ann Swain

Understanding more about the relationships between basic need status and adaptive potential will contribute to refining this theory for use in practice.

A postpartum home follow-up project by student nurses using Marker Model Standards. Brodsky PL; Journal of Nursing Education, 1998 Nov; 37 (8): 373-5.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Professional practice actualized through an integrated shared governance and quality assurance model. Brodbeck K; Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 1992 Jan; 6 (2): 20-31.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Teaching tools for the Marker Model for standards development and the Umbrella Model for quality assurance. Brennan M; Health Care Supervisor, 1992 Jun; 10 (4): 66-74

Theory Theorist/s Synopsis ReferencesNursing As Caring

Dr. Anne Boykin----------------Dr. Savina O. Schoenhofer

Practice Model Rear Admiral Faye Glen Abdellah

Prescriptive Theory

Ernestine Wiedenbach

Rhythm Model Dr. Joyce Fitzpatrick

Self Concept Construct

Joan Riehl-Sisca

Symphonological Bioethical Theory

Gladys Husted----------------James Husted

Transitions Afaf I. Meleis