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GRAMMAR & VOCABULARYSTUDIES

GRAMMARPRONOUNS .......................................................................................................... 7TESTS ................................................................................................................... 12

TENSES................................................................................................................. 16TESTS ................................................................................................................... 22

MODALS ................................................................................................................ 26TESTS ................................................................................................................... 30

PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE ....................................................................................... 34TESTS ................................................................................................................... 40

CONJUNCTIONS .................................................................................................. 44TESTS ................................................................................................................... 52

RELATIVE CLAUSES ........................................................................................... 56TESTS ................................................................................................................... 62

GERUND & INFINITIVE & PARTICIPLE .............................................................. 66TESTS ................................................................................................................... 74

NOUN CLAUSES .................................................................................................. 78TESTS ................................................................................................................... 82

IF & WISH CLAUSES ............................................................................................ 86TESTS ................................................................................................................... 90

ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS .................................................................................. 94TESTS ................................................................................................................... 98

DETERMINERS .................................................................................................... 102TESTS ................................................................................................................... 106

PREPOSITIONS ................................................................................................... 110TESTS ................................................................................................................... 121

VOCABULARYSESSION 1 ............................................................................................................ 127SESSION 2 ............................................................................................................ 135SESSION 3 ............................................................................................................ 143SESSION 4 ............................................................................................................ 151SESSION 5 ............................................................................................................ 159SESSION 6 ............................................................................................................ 167SESSION 7 ............................................................................................................ 175SESSION 8 ............................................................................................................ 183SESSION 9 ............................................................................................................ 191SESSION 10 .......................................................................................................... 199

VOCABULARY TESTS ......................................................................................... 208

DENEME SINAVI ................................................................................................... 231

ANSWER KEY ...................................................................................................... 252

CONTENTS

7DİLKO Yayınları GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES

PRONOUNS

PRONOUNS (Zamirler)

Subject Pronouns(Özne Zamirleri)

Object Pronouns(Nesne Zamirleri)

Possessive Adjectives

(İyelik Sıfatları)

Possessive Pronouns

(İyelik Zamirleri)

Reflexive Pronouns

(Dönüşlü Zamirler)

Iyouhesheit

weyouthey

Dikkat:Bu zamirlerden sonra fiil gelir.

meyouhimheritusyou

them

Dikkat:Genellikle fiil’den ya da preposition’dan sonra gelirler.

some of themmany of usone of youa little of it

myyourhisheritsouryourtheir

Dikkat:Bu sıfatlardan sonra isim gelir.

my schoolour teacher

mineyours

hishersits

oursyourstheirs

Dikkat:Bu zamirlerden sonra isim gelmez.

Mine is better.Yours is worse.

a colleague of minea friend of hers

myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself

ourselvesyourselvesthemselves

Dikkat:Bu zamirlerden sonra isim gelmez.

1. Subject Pronouns (Özne Zamirleri)

Tanım: Öznenin yerine kullanılır ve eylemi yapan kişiyi / şeyi anlatırlar.

• Some university students fail to find a job after graduation since they are not qualified enough. • Since she liked to cook and travel, Anne took a job as a chef on a ship.

Dikkat: ‘You’ ve ‘they’ zamirleri bazen genelleme yapmak için de kullanılabilir.

• “Even a fool is counted wise when he holds his peace”, they say.• If you receive a message reporting that the antivirus software on a computer is out-of-date,

you must update it as soon as possible.

Dikkat: Ülke, şehir, gemi ve bayrak isimleri yerine bazen ‘she’ zamiri ( VEYA ‘her, hers, herself’ )kullanılabilir.

• Russia is important since she has got massive resources on the Earth; she has been through various types of governments in her history and has always survived.

8GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES DİLKO Yayınları

P R O N O U N S

2. Object Pronouns (Nesne Zamirleri)

Tanım: Nesne durumundaki ismin yerini alır ve bir fiilden sonra getirilirler.

• My friend told me not to purchase a GPS unit because I had already had an iPhone.• Parrots are able to form strong bonds with humans so it can be very traumatic and stressful for

them to be sold to another family.

3. Possessive Adjectives (İyelik Sıfatları)

Tanım: İyelik sıfatları sahiplik anlatır ve ardından mutlaka bir isimle kullanılırlar.

• Because my sister was worried about their children, she persuaded her husband not to work abroad.

• Nothing should deter you if you want to realize your dreams and stick to your beliefs.

4. Possessive Pronouns (İyelik Zamirleri)

Tanım: İyelik sıfatları gibi iyelik zamirleri de sahiplik anlatır ancak ardından isim almaz, tek başına kullanılırlar.

• You can come with me or stay; the choice is yours.• I brought my toys and they brought theirs.

Dikkat: Belirli bir kelime sırası gerektiren ‘double possessive’ yapısında ‘possessive pronoun’ veya iyelik bildiren -’s eki almış bir isim kullanılır.

• A customer of ours demands refund for a washing machine he bought a month ago.• Two project works of my classmates’ / theirs haven’t been accepted by our instructor as they

have missed the deadline for them.

Dikkat: ‘One of …’ şeklinde başlayan yapılar ‘object pronoun’ ile kullanılır.

• The engineering company which I work for plans to make an employee redundant from his job so one of us won’t be working there next week.

• There were three people in charge of doing the accounts of the local charity and members accuse one of them about the budget deficit.

5. Reflexive Pronouns (Dönüşlü Kişi Zamirleri)

Tanım: Eylemi yapanla (özne) eylemden etkilenen (nesne) aynıysa ‘reflexive pronouns’ kullanılır.

• Over a short period of time, it is easy to free yourself from stresses and tensions of life.• To achieve a goal, a person should have confidence in himself.

Dikkat: Bir ‘reflexive pronoun’ hem özneyi hem de nesneyi niteleyebilir. Özneyi nitelediğinde yeri cümle içinde değişebilir, nesneyi nitelediğinde ise nesneden hemen sonra getirilir.

• Parents themselves wanted to have a talk with the headmaster. (Veliler okul müdürüyle bizzat kendileri görüşmek istediler.)


RELATIVE CLAUSES

► Who / whom / that: Tanımladıkları insandan hemen sonra gelirler. (the man + who / that / whom)

People + who / whom / that

The manThe GermanThe pairThe coupleThe peopleThe staffThe manager The football starThe PresidentThe retired womanMy sisterThe twinsMy friends

who + verbwho + clausethat + clausethat + verb

whom + clausewhom + verb

Dikkat: Tek başına whom’dan sonra fiil gelemez. Whom’dan sonra mutlaka cümle gelmelidir. That ve who’dan sonra hem cümle hem de fiil gelebilir.

Dikkat: Relative Clause’larda virgülden sonra that kullanılmaz.

• The man who won the cup is very talented. (Kupayı kazanan adam çok yetenekli.)• The President who ruled the country for a decade died. (Ülkeyi 10 sene yönetmiş olan başkan öldü.) • The manager that I met last week resigned. (Geçen hafta tanıştığım müdür istifa etti.)• My sister whom I love most has been promoted to managing position. (En sevdiğim ablam müdürlüğe terfi etti.)• The couple whom we congratulated went to Adana. (Tebrik ettiğim çift Adana’ya gitti.)

► Which / that: Herhangi bir nesne / hayvan vs. tanımlanırken kullanılır. (things + which / that)

The flowerThe housesThe carThe roadsThe schoolsThe methodsThe languagesThe culturesThe radiationHer hairHis tongueComputersRadios

which + verbwhich + clause

that + verbthat + clause

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1. The machine wasn’t ---- practical ---- it seemed to be in the advertisements.

A) so / asB) as / thatC) such / thanD) as / toE) more / than

2. We were able to see the full moon yesterday, and it was ---- an excellent view ---- we watched it for hours.

A) so / asB) such / asC) as / asD) such / thatE) more / than

3. That piece of art is referred to as ---- sculpture that looks like a regular human being.

A) more realisticB) the more realisticC) realistic enoughD) too realisticE) the most realistic

4. The Hagia Sophia is ---- a timeless work of art ---- it still astonishes architects today.

A) so / thatB) as / asC) such / thatD) so / asE) such / as

5. ---- creative you are, ---- successful and innovative you will be at your job.

A) The less / the moreB) The more / the moreC) The less / the lessD) The more / the lessE) The most / the least

6. The other students in the class were watching Michael ---- enviously ---- one might think.

A) as / asB) such / thatC) so / asD) more / thanE) so / that

7. The suspect was ---- evidently anxious ---- it was hard to think he wasn’t guilty.

A) as / asB) so / asC) such / thatD) such / asE) so / that

8. The system that protects us here in this building is ---- secure than you can possibly imagine.

A) much moreB) tooC) very muchD) soE) as

9. Your excuse is ---- one I’ve heard so far. You could have found a way to finish your project.

A) the more ridiculousB) most ridiculousC) ridiculous thanD) the most ridiculousE) too ridiculous

10. That movie you’re planning to watch with your son is ---- for a kid under the age of fifteen.

A) so violent asB) too violentC) violent enoughD) such violent thatE) as violent as

TEST 1 ADJECTIVES & ADVERBS


1. abandon : terketmek2. aboard : içinde, gemide3. abortion : kürtaj, çocuk düşürme4. absolute : tüm, bütün, kesin5. absorb : emmek, içine almak6. abstract : soyut7. abundant : büyük miktarda, bol8. abuse : suistimal etmek, taciz etmek9. accelerate : hızlandırmak10. access : giriş, giriş yolu11. accommodate : kalacak yer temin etmek12. accompany : eşlik etmek13. bachelor : bekar erkek14. bargain : pazarlık, pazarlık yapmak,

kelepir15. bark : havlamak16. balance : denge, denge durumu17. ban : yasak, yasaklamak18. bandit : haydut, eşkiya19. bankrupt : iflas, iflas ettirmek20. cemetery : mezarlık21. cage : kafes, kafese kapamak22. calculate : hesaplamak23. calendar : takvim24. cancel : iptal etmek25. candid : içten,dürüst, samimi26. candidacy : adaylık27. capable : yeterlikli, yapabilen28. capture : yakalamak, esir almak29. case : durum, olay, kasa, kap30. cash : peşin para, nakit31. cast : atmak, fırlatmak32. castle : kale, şato33. casual : rahat, sıradan34. catastrophe : felaket, facia35. cause : sebep olmak, neden36. caution : dikkat, tedbir37. cave : mağara38. cease : durdurmak, sona erdirmek39. celebrate : kutlamak40. cell : (biyoloji) hücre41. dairy : süthane, mandıra42. dam : baraj, bent43. damage : zarar, zarar vermek44. dare : cüret etmek, meydan

okumak45. dash : fırlama, atılmak, fırlamak

46. dawn : tan, şafak vakti47. deadly : öldürücü, ölümcül48. deaf : işitme engelli, sağır49. deal : pazarlık, anlaşma50. debate : tartışma, tartışmak, 51. debris : enkaz, yıkıntı 52. decade : on yıl53. decay : çürüme, çürümek, çürütmek54. effect : etki, tesir55. efficient : etkili, verimli 56. effort : çaba, gayret57. embassy : elçilik, büyükelçilik58. elaborate : ayrıntılı bir şekilde59. elect : (oy vererek) bir kişiyi seçmek60. elegant : şık, zarif61. eliminate : elemek, atmak, çıkarmak62. fabulous : inanılmaz, mükemmel63. facility : imkan, kolaylık64. factual : gerçekçi, gerçeklere dayanan65. fade : solmak66. fail : başarısız olmak, kalmak67. faint : bayılmak, güçsüz68. fair : adil, fuar, sarışın69. fake : taklit, sahte şey70. faith : güven, itimat71. garbage : çöp, atık, işe yaramaz şey72. gap : boşluk, aralık, fark, mesafe73. gain : kazanç, kazanmak, 74. gang : çete75. gamble : kumar, kumar oynamak76. hilarious : eğlenceli, komik77. hinder : engel olmak, engellemek78. hint : ipucu79. hire : kiralamak, işe almak80. homicide : cinayet, adam öldürme 81. hitchhike : otostop, otostop çekmek82. ill-mannered : terbiyesiz, kötü niyetli83. identical : tıpatıp aynı 84. identify : kimliğini belirlemek85. illustrate : örneklemek, resimlemek86. idle : boş, aylak, tembel 87. ignorance : bilgisizlik, cehalet88. illegal : yasadışı, yasaya aykırı89. illuminate : aydınlatmak90. jack : kriko, kriko ile kaldırmak91. jail : hapishane, tutuklamak 92. keen : hevesli, istekli


V O C A B U L A R Y / S E S S I O N 1

93. lack : yoksun olmak94. ladder : seyyar merdiven95. lane : dar yol, patika96. landlady : ev sahibi kadın97. lap : kucak, tur98. mad : deli, akıl hastası99. magnet : mıknatıs100. magnificent : mükemmel, muhteşem101. maid : hizmetçi102. magic : büyü, sihir 103. main : esas, başlıca, ana104. maintain : sürdürmek, bakmak, korumak105. major : büyük, önemli, ciddi, ana dal106. majority : çoğunluk, büyük kısım 107. miracle : mucize108. nail : çivi, çivi çakmak, tırnak109. naked : çıplak110. oath : yemin, ant111. obey : söz dinlemek, itaat etmek112. object : nesne, eşya, hedef, karşı

çıkmak, itiraz etmek113. pat : okşamak, hafifçe vurmak114. patch : yama, parça, bölüm115. path : dar yol, patika116. patience : sabır117. patient : hasta118. patriot : vatansever kişi119. pattern : desen, motif120. peel : soymak121. pavement : kaldırım122. paw : pati, pençe, pençe vurmak123. pawn : rehine vermek124. peak : zirve, doruk, doruğa ulaşmak125. pearl : inci126. peasant : köylü127. pebble : çakıltaşı128. qualify : hak kazanmak129. refer : (to) kastetmek, baş etmek130. referee : hakem131. refine : arıtmak, arındırmak132. reflect : yansımak, yansıtmak133. refugee : mülteci 134. regard : kabul etmek, görmek135. register : kayır defteri, kayıt olmak136. reject : reddetmek137. rehearse : prova yapmak138. reign : hükümdarlık, hüküm sürmek139. reinforce : sağlamlaştırmak140. sack : çuval, kovmak 141. sacred : dinsel, kutsal142. sacrifice : kurban etmek, fedakarlık143. safe : emniyette, güvenilir, kasa144. sail : denize açılmak

145. sake : hatır, uğur147. sample : örnek, model, numune148. sarcastic : kinayeli, iğneleyici149. satellite : uydu, yapay uydu150. savage : acımasız, zalim, vahşi151. save : kurtarmak, biriktirmek152. saw : testere, testere ile kesmek153. scale : terazi, ölçü, pul154. scan : göz gezdirmek, taramak155. scarce : kıt, nadir, az bulunur156. scare : korkutmak, korkmak, ürkmek157. scar : yara izi, yara izi bırakmak 158. scatter : dağıtmak159. script : senaryo, yazı, metin160. scratch : çizik, sıyrık, tırmalamak161. scream : çığlık, çığlık atmak 162. screen : perde, ekran163. tackle : uğraşmak164. tactful : nazik, kibar165. tail : kuyruk166. tale : masal, hikaye167. talent : yetenek168. tasty : lezzetli169. tangible : dokunulabilir, somut170. tax : vergi, vergilendirmek171. target : hedef, hedef almak172. task : görev173. ultimate : nihai, son174. underestimate : hafife almak, küçümsemek175. vacant : boş, kullanılmayan176. vacation : tatil, tatil yapma177. vaccinate : aşılamak178. vague : belli belirsiz179. whisper : fısıltı, fısıldamak180. welfare : refah, iyilik181. wet : ıslak, ıslatmak182. whistle : ıslık, düdük, ıslık çalmak183. wheat : buğday184. yawn : esnemek185. zip : fermuar

PHRASAL VERB: LOOK

1. look back on : geçmişe bakmak, hatırlamak2. look down on : küçümsemek3. look in : uğramak4. look into : araştırmak5. look on : izlemek, seyretmek6. look out : dikkat etmek, sakınmak7. look over : gözden geçirmek8. look round : gezmek9. look through : gözden geçirmek, incelemek10. look up : sözlükte aramak



A. Word formation: Fill in the blanks in the chart with the correct derivations as shown in the example.

VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE / ADVERB

affect effect effective(ly)

1. ________________ damage ________________

2. ________________ ________________ vaccinated

3. abuse ________________ ________________

4. ________________ ________________ accommodating

5. sarcasm ________________

6. ________________ celebration

7. reflect ________________ ________________

8. elect ________________ elective(ly)

9. ________________ rejection ________________

10. vacancy vacant

11. legalize ________________ legal(ly)

12. identify ________________ ________________

13. ________________ illustration illustrative

14. object ________________ ________________

15. ________________ qualification qualified

Fill in the blanks in the sentences using the words in the chart.

1. It was a dangerous accident but luckily our car was slightly ________________.2. I’m fed up with your ________________ remarks whenever I talk about setting up my own business.3. I’m afraid I can’t let you inside the intensive care unit without a ________________ permit.4. For a long time, the United Nations ________________ to take action against Syrian government

who carried on brutal and ruthless attacks to innocent people in Syria.5. The uses and ________________ of power will always be an open matter to discussions.6. While reading a book or an encyclopedia, most people ignore the small printed writings just under

the ________________.7. The company hired the two other applicants although they didn’t seem to have any better

________________ than I do.8. My plans over building a huge car park outside the town haven’t received any serious

________________ so far.9. ________________ are made up of weakened viruses which help the body summon strength

against diseases.10. We have phoned up the hotel reception to check whether they have any ________________ just

before Christmas.11. You should take either of these two ________________ courses to receive a diploma or a

certificate.12. In order to hide who I really am, I introduced myself with a false ________________.



H Complete the sentences after adding the prefixes or suffixes to the words given on the left.

migrate re-

critic mis-

connect

courage dis-

spell -ion

flexible -ous

differ -ent

cover -al

official in-

speculate under-

universe

inject un-

1. Scientists have studied the migration of fish from one part of the ocean to another over long distances.

2. I can’t see any ________________ between cigarette smoking and certain diseases.3. When the teacher asked how to spell the word oxygen, she ________________ it each time.4. His criminal activities were ________________ after police investigation because of his famous

relatives.5. His mother ________________ him from joining the navy, saying that it was a hard life.6. He is quite a ________________ man from what he was 10 years ago.7. Janet is only ________________ of Alice because she doesn’t like her gestures at all.8. The objects which we can’t bend are known as ________________ objects.9. Football is a ________________ game. Everywhere in the world, people are keen on watching

football matches.10. The astronomers have ________________ about life on other planets since they got messages

from outer space.11. The doctor gave Andy an ________________ to reduce the pain and help him sleep.12. It’s an ________________ meeting between the opposite leaders, so the media wasn’t allowed to

record the meeting.

I. Choose the correct word.

1. Gandhi was loved by millions of Indians. Their ________________ for him was shown by their willingness to follow his beliefs.A) effect B) hatred C) affection D) indifference E) injustice

2. Those of you who would like to ask a question should ________________ their hands.A) lift B) rise C) erect D) inquire E) raise

3. The employment office asked Richard to list all the jobs he had had before and to give the names of his ________________ employers.A) previous B) early C) innocent D) terrific E) rigorous

4. You must be careful about what you say to her because her feelings are easily ________________.A) damaged B) injured C) hurt D) animated E) bled

5. Nowadays, there is a ________________ belief that spacecraft Columbia which was launched on the desert of Arizona, was slightly damaged by UFOs.A) widespread B) local C) steady D) diligent E) universal

6. Dr. Smith considers himself ________________ to others simply because he has a higher education and earns more money.A) primary B) superior C) better D) specific E) substantial


V O C A B U L A R Y / S E S S I O N 1 0

J. Complete the definitions using the words given in the box.

available

trim

voyage

swear

brilliant

worth

avalanche

urgent

corporate

aviation

broad

wreath

dispute

brutal

dispatch

swallow

purpose

dispense

exploit

triumph

rule

issue

rub

wrap

sweat

ruin

suspend

1. Someone who is ________________is cruel and violent.2. A ________________ is a disagreement or quarrel between people or groups.3. If something is ________________, you are able to use it or obtain it.4. ________________ is the operation and production of aircraft.5. If something is ________________ a particular amount of money, it can be sold for that amount.6. Something that is ________________ needs to be dealt with as soon as possible.7. An ________________ is an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing

about.8. ________________ means owned or shared by all the members of a group or organisation.9. An ________________ is a large mass of snow that falls down the side of a mountain.10. If you ________________ something, you cause it to go from your mouth down into your stomach.11. If something is ________________ from a high place, it is hanging from that place.12. A ________________ is an arrangement of flowers and leaves, usually in the shape of a circle,

which is put onto a grave as a sign of remembrance for the dead person.13. ________________ is the salty colourless liquid which comes through your skin when you are hot,

ill or afraid.14. If someone ________________, they use language that is considered to be rude or blasphemous.15. A ________________ is a long journey on a ship or in a spacecraft.16. If you ________________ someone or something to a place, you send them there.17. To ________________ something means to give it to people.18. If someone ________________ you, they treat you unfairly by using your work or your ideas and

giving you very little in return.19. To ________________ something means to severely harm, damage or spoil it.20. ________________ people or ideas are extremely clever.21. Something that is ________________ is thin and healthy.22. A ________________ is a great success or achievement.23. If you ________________ something, you fold a piece of paper or cloth tightly round it so that it is

covered.24. When someone ________________ a country, they have the power to control its affairs.25. The ________________ of something is the reason for which it is made or done.26. If you ________________ something, you move your hand or a cloth backwards and forwards over

it while pressing firmly.27. Something that is ________________ is wide.


V O C A B U L A R Y / S E S S I O N 1 0

K. Phrasal verbs with “KEEP”

Read the sample sentences and try to guess the meaning of each phrasal verb, then match them with the correct definitions.

1. The fence is intended to keep traffic away from the lake shore.2. The new student had to work very hard to keep up with the other students.3. How do you keep up a house as large as this without help? I certainly envy you.4. Even if you fail the examination again, you must try to keep on until you pass.5. The doctor advised Jim to keep off fattening food.

Definitions:

a. to continue in spite of difficulties : ________________b. to keep in good conditions : ________________c. to remain away : ________________d. to avoid, to cease having (food, a habit) : ________________e. to continue to learn about something : ________________

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1. I have never met anybody more ---- than John. Once he has made up his mind, he never changes his opinion.

A) logical B) flexibleC) amusing D) fair E) stubborn

2. Some plants are responsive to physical stimuli; for example, a mimosa’s leaves are ---- to touch.

A) neurotic B) effectiveC) sensitive D) appreciative E) intense

3. You must be careful carrying that box as it contains ---- porcelain plates.

A) tough B) usefulC) handy D) fragile E) steady

4. Since the tower proved to be ---- in the high wind, it was supposed to be reinforced.

A) strong B) unstableC) mild D) safe E) juvenile

5. There was a ---- odour of manure in every part of the farm, which disturbed most of the visitors.

A) distinct B) deficientC) missing D) gorgeous E) habitual

6. As he is really a(n) ---- member of staff, I don’t know why Ross hasn’t been given the promotion he has been expecting for such a long time.

A) inconsiderate B) deprivedC) smooth D) efficient E) extensive

7. Deciding on which school to go to was a(n) ---- decision for me so I consulted anybody who could be of help.

A) honest B) selectiveC) crucial D) irregular E) helpful

8. The new product is such a ---- success on the market that the company is considering to export it.

A) fruitless B) hugeC) tiny D) trivial E) preventable

9. The spokesman made a joke about his own past, which evoked a ---- laughter from the audiences.

A) spontaneous B) resistantC) dedicated D) tricky E) docile

10. We need to launch a ---- investigation in order to find out the reasons behind the failure of the project.

A) ridiculous B) temptingC) peculiar D) misguided E) thorough

TEST 1 VOCABULARY

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V O C A B U L A R Y T E S T 4

41. Experts agree that music can ---- children’s minds and serve as a fundamental skill of learning.

A) abolish B) commuteC) strengthen D) install E) withdraw

42. All forms of life now inhabiting the earth ---- from the simplest single-cell organism floating in prehistoric oceans.

A) terminated B) evolvedC) speculated D) flattened E) excreted

43. When friends ask me where to ----, my answer is always property.

A) invest B) collapseC) locate D) observe E) settle

44. Only recently have scientists begun to ---- occult phenomena like ghosts and goblins.

A) belong B) damageC) consume D) investigate E) punish

45. The radio had the biggest influence on people until the television was ----.

A) resigned B) inventedC) apologized D) ignored E) separated

46. Many farms now use computers to ---- the growing conditions of vegetables and other plants.

A) underestimate B) postponeC) repel D) discourage E) control

47. Mystery writers usually don’t object to seeing their books bought by libraries and shared widely because the payoff comes in ---- a wider readership.

A) destroying B) explainingC) attracting D) protecting E) furnishing

48. Fewer asthma patients would be ---- to hospitals if more efforts were made to help patients manage their illness.

A) collapsed B) separatedC) nominated D) flourished E) rushed

49. I asked my parents to let me ---- a puppy; fortunately, they gave me the permission.

A) inspire B) adoptC) concentrate D) decrease E) perceive

50. According to the WHO report, during the Chernobyl accident, 444 people were at the reactor site when the accident occurred and were therefore ---- to large amounts of radiation.

A) exposed B) meltedC) rewarded D) persuaded E) uttered

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Diğer Sayfaya Geçiniz.

DiİLKO Yayınları

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Bu testte 80 soru vardır.

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1. - 8. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılan yerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

1. The union has negotiated a number of ---- for the employees, including a raise in holiday pay.

A) punishments B) recordsC) charities D) designs E) benefits

2. The people of Holland are very ---- to the Canadian soldiers who helped to liberate their country during the Second World War.

A) precious B) gratefulC) reasonable D) flexible E) plentiful

3. Even though it was often at war with England throughout its history, Scotland ---- adopted the English language.

A) roughly B) correctlyC) severely D) gradually E) tenderly

4. Grizzly bears ---- a lot of space to live, so reducing the size of their habitat has a terrible effect on the numbers of animals born each year.

A) receive B) exposeC) display D) require E) survive

5. When you ---- new words, you should look them up in your dictionary. That makes it easier to remember them later.

A) come across B) get alongC) take on D) bring about E) put out

6. Once Nelson ---- used to sleeping in his new bed, he ---- to find it hard to sleep anywhere else.

A) had got / has started B) gets / would startC) got / startedD) gets / is startingE) is getting / has started

7. Janice ---- as the chief of the department ever since her manager ---- for malpractise.

A) is working / is firedB) worked / was firedC) works / firesD) had worked / firedE) has been working / was fired

8. I ---- on with my work only if you ---- me the email now. I cannot work without the necessary documents.

A) must carry / have sent B) would carry / are sendingC) will be able to carry / sendD) carried / could sendE) had to carry / sent

GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES

238 DiİLKO Yayınları

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GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES

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38. - 40. soruları aşağıdaki parçaya göre cevaplayınız.

The coldest and most extreme desert in the world is the Dry Valley of Antarctica. This is perhaps the last place on Earth you’d expect to find life but it hosts a hidden pool where tiny microbes thrive in total darkness and zero oxygen. The microbes breathe sulphur and iron. Scientists think that 1.5 million years ago, when sea levels across the globe fell, one pocket of salt water got stuck beneath a glacier. All the microbes that got stuck beneath the glacier had to adapt to their new world or die. Amazingly, life found a way to survive. These microbes’ home is rich in salt. That’s why it doesn’t freeze even under the ice in Antarctica. Also, iron is constantly rubbed off the surrounding bedrock by the motion of the glacier, providing food for the hidden microbe community.

38. As we learn from the passage, the hidden microbe community in the Dry Valley of Antarctica ----.

A) prevents the motion of the glacier around itB) provides food to the locals living thereC) makes it easier to do research in AntarcticaD) depends on sulphur and iron to surviveE) shows that humans can’t live in Antarctica

39. According to the passage, the Dry Valley of Antarctica ----.

A) is colder than all the other deserts in the world

B) was the last place on Earth to be discoveredC) does not let tiny microbes surviveD) is warmer than one might expectE) has more oxygen than any other place in

the world

40. One point made in the passage is that salt ----.

A) makes it easier for water to turn solidB) is what makes food more deliciousC) prevents water from freezingD) should be stored in a cool placeE) first appeared 1.5 million years ago

249 DiİLKO YayınlarıGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY STUDIES

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76. - 80. sorularda, cümleler sırasıyla okunduğunda parçanın anlam bütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

76. (I) Every creature carries the DNA in it. (II) Most have skin colour that makes them merge into their surroundings. (III) When it reproduces, it passes on its DNA to its offspring. (IV) When you were born, you got half of your DNA from your father and the other half from your mother. (V) Thus, some of your features are like those of your mother while others are like those of your father.

A) I B) II C) III D) IV E) V

77. (I) Recently, a nuclear submarine sank in the Baltic Sea. (II) The sailors on board were isolated from rescue workers as their radio set got damaged. (III) Luckily their radio operators knew the Morse code. (IV) The meaning of all three was the same, which was a plea for help by someone in distress. (V) So they were able to communicate by knocking on the sides of the ship.


78. (I) There are two kinds of beavers: the American and the European. (II) The European beaver, found in Norway, Poland, Germany and France, lives in burrows. (III) But the American beaver builds a dam across a stream or lake to construct his home or lodge. (IV) The lodges are made of huge logs of trees. (V) That’s what the beaver looks like.


79. (I) In 45 AD, the Romans conquered Spain. (II) There they bred their own sheep with breeds from Africa and Europe. (III) Over time, they developed a new breed that would come to be known as the Spanish Merino, with the whitest, finest wool ever known. (IV) Today, the Merino is the most highly regarded breed in the world. (V) Now, they seem to have got their revenge.


80. (I) When you are in a car travelling on a straight road, the sun appears to move right along with you. (II) The equator is an imaginary circle on the surface of the Earth. (III) Telephone poles and trees close to the road pass in the blink of an eye. (IV) But the sun is always visible throughout the journey. (V) No matter how fast you drive, you just cannot leave the sun behind.


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