Grammar ReviewGrammar Review

English IEnglish I

When you have a sentence…When you have a sentence…1. Look for prep. phrases, 1. Look for prep. phrases,

subject, and verbsubject, and verb2. Ask yourself: Action, Linking, 2. Ask yourself: Action, Linking,

or Being verb??or Being verb??(note: direct, indirect obj, pred adj, pred (note: direct, indirect obj, pred adj, pred

nouns are called complements)nouns are called complements)

**If it’s an action verb…do you **If it’s an action verb…do you have a direct? indirect object?have a direct? indirect object?

**If it’s an action verb…do **If it’s an action verb…do you have a direct? indirect you have a direct? indirect

object?object?

**If it’s a linking verb…do **If it’s a linking verb…do you have a predicate adj? you have a predicate adj?

pred. noun? pred. noun? (if no pa or pn, it’s a being (if no pa or pn, it’s a being

verb)verb)

NOW…you can look for NOW…you can look for other parts of speech…other parts of speech…

adjective, adverb, adjective, adverb, conjunction, article, conjunction, article,

interjection, etc.interjection, etc.

1.1. The man in the blue shirt The man in the blue shirt sang the song well.sang the song well.

2. The lady is on the 2. The lady is on the stage.stage.

3. Bob is a great builder.3. Bob is a great builder.

4. Give mom the flowers 4. Give mom the flowers in the vase tomorrow.in the vase tomorrow.

What is a phrase? What is a phrase? A group of words that DO A group of words that DO NOT have a subject and a NOT have a subject and a

verbverb

Adjective and Adverb Adjective and Adverb Phrases: prepositional Phrases: prepositional

phrases that function as adj phrases that function as adj or advor adv

The boy in the blue shirt is a The boy in the blue shirt is a good football player.good football player.

The girl ran down the street.The girl ran down the street.

The man on the grass The man on the grass jumped over the fence.jumped over the fence.

What is a clause? A group of What is a clause? A group of words that has a subject and a words that has a subject and a

verb – it can either be an verb – it can either be an independent or subordinate independent or subordinate

clauseclause

Independent- complete Independent- complete sentencesentence

Subordinate- fragmentSubordinate- fragment

Independent or Subordinate Independent or Subordinate Clause??Clause??

1. Because she won the 1. Because she won the racerace

2. The man gave her red 2. The man gave her red roses. roses.

Put it together!Put it together!

Because she ran the race, Because she ran the race, the man gave her red roses. the man gave her red roses.

What type of sentence is What type of sentence is this? simple, compound, this? simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex, or compound-

complexcomplex

simple: Sue likes shopping.simple: Sue likes shopping.Bill and Bob like fishing and Bill and Bob like fishing and

love camping.love camping.

compound: Bill likes fishing, compound: Bill likes fishing, but Bob prefers camping. but Bob prefers camping.

Bill likes fishing; Bob prefers Bill likes fishing; Bob prefers camping.camping.

complex: Since Patricia likes complex: Since Patricia likes to cook, she volunteered to to cook, she volunteered to

make the cakes.make the cakes.

She volunteered to make She volunteered to make the cakes because she likes the cakes because she likes

to cook.to cook.

compound-complex: Since compound-complex: Since Patricia likes to cook, she Patricia likes to cook, she volunteered to make the volunteered to make the

cakes, but she will not wash cakes, but she will not wash the dishes!the dishes!

She volunteered to make the She volunteered to make the cakes since she likes to cook, cakes since she likes to cook,

but she will not wash the but she will not wash the dishes!dishes!

There are LOTs of comma There are LOTs of comma rules!rules!

You can review all in your You can review all in your textbook, but here are a few textbook, but here are a few

examples…examples…

appositives: He says football, a appositives: He says football, a common sport in the U.S., is common sport in the U.S., is

his favorite. his favorite. (Think: “a common sport in the (Think: “a common sport in the

U.S.” tells about “football”)U.S.” tells about “football”)

Introductory words, Introductory words, common expressions, common expressions,

interrupters:interrupters:So, do you know who won So, do you know who won

the race?the race?Bill, I think, was the winner.Bill, I think, was the winner.

Have you seen him run, Have you seen him run, Sam?Sam?

Well, maybe I saw him last Well, maybe I saw him last Sunday. Sunday.

Quotation marks and commas Quotation marks and commas in dialogue:in dialogue:

“Do you like sports?” said Bill.“Do you like sports?” said Bill.“Yes,” replied Sam, “they are “Yes,” replied Sam, “they are

awesome!”awesome!”“Football is my favorite sport,” “Football is my favorite sport,”

added Bill.added Bill.“Me too! We should go to a “Me too! We should go to a

game soon! I’ll buy the game soon! I’ll buy the tickets!” exclaimed Sam.tickets!” exclaimed Sam.

Titles:Titles:Use Use UnderlineUnderline or or ItalicsItalics with with

major worksmajor works

book, periodical book, periodical (newspaper, magazine), (newspaper, magazine), long poem, play, film, TV long poem, play, film, TV

series, art, ship, train, series, art, ship, train, spacecraftspacecraft

Titles that use “quotation Titles that use “quotation marks”marks”

These are the titles of things that are a These are the titles of things that are a part of or in another sourcepart of or in another source

Articles, essays, short stories, short Articles, essays, short stories, short poems, songs, episodes of a TV poems, songs, episodes of a TV series, chaptersseries, chapters

ColonsColons

““and here it is” or “and here they are”and here it is” or “and here they are”

The following students need to report The following students need to report to the office: Bill, Bob, Sue, and Fred.to the office: Bill, Bob, Sue, and Fred.

3:00 Matthew 3:26 3:00 Matthew 3:26

SemicolonsSemicolons““the furthermore test”the furthermore test”

I like food; pizza is the best.I like food; pizza is the best.

Bob is a really nice guy; he helped me Bob is a really nice guy; he helped me wash the car.wash the car.

I like cooking; however, washing the I like cooking; however, washing the dishes is another story!dishes is another story!