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GRAMMAR REVIEW

A. FRAGMENTA fragment is a group of words that looks like a sentence but is missing a subject, a verb, or a complete thought; therefore, it is anincomplete sentence.

With all of my other work. Because we left early. Hoping to get there on time. To change the oil. Such as English, history, and math.

Ways to Correct a Fragment

1. Add what is missing (subject, verb, or complete thought)EX: For example, Dawn of the Deadand the Friday the 13th movies are some of my favorites.

2. Attach the fragment to the sentence before or after itEX. We got home early because we left early.

I am taking several classes this semester, such as English, history, and math.

3. Add what is missing (subject, verb, or complete thought)EX: For example, Dawn of the Deadand the Friday the 13th movies are some of my favorites.

4. Attach the fragment to the sentence before or after itEX. We got home early because we left early.

I am taking several classes this semester, such as English, history, and math.

B. RUN- ONSA run-on is created when two complete sentences (independent clauses) are joined together incorrectly (without proper punctuation)and are written as one sentence.

There are two kinds of run-ons: Fused sentences Comma splices

A fused sentence is created when two complete sentences are joined together without anypunctuation. Exercising is important it can keep your weight down. I picked up my laundry then I went home. She had a sore throat she was running a fever.

A comma splice is created when two complete sentences are joined together by only a comma. She started feeling bad on Monday, by Wednesday, she was running a high fever. I picked up my laundry, then I went home. His job paid well, however, he still couldnt make ends meet.

Ways to Correct a Run-On1. Add a period

I picked up my laundry. Then I went home. She started feeling bad on Monday. By Wednesday, she was running a high fever. His job paid well. However, he still couldnt make ends meet.

2. Add a semicolon

I picked up my laundry; then, I went home. His job paid well; however, he still couldnt make ends meet.

Remember, when using a semicolon, you must follow these guidelines: A semicolon can only be used where a period could be used.

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There mustbe a complete sentence on either side of the semicolon. The two sentences must be closely related in order to be punctuated with a semicolon. Most semicolons are followed by a transitional word which indicates the relationship of the two sentences.

3. Add a comma & coordinating conjunction Use a comma & coordinating conjunction between the two independent clauses; if you already have a comma,

add a coordinating conjunction (the 2 must go hand-in-hand)

I picked up my laundry, and then I went home. She had a sore throat, and she was running a fever.

4. Add a dependent word Add a dependent word between the two independent clauses.

Exercising is important because it can keep your weight down. She had a sore throat while she was running a fever.

C. MISPLACED or DANGLING MODIFIERSA misplaced modifieris positioned in a sentence so that it is unclear which word, phrase, or clause is modified.

Modifiers such as almost, only,just, even, hardly, nearly, and merely, should be placed immediately before the wordsthey modify.

Example: My mother only works on Saturdays and Sundays.o This sentence indicates that the mother only works -- she does not eat, sleep, or talk. We must place the modifier before a different word so the sentence is clearly understood.

REVISED: ________________________________________________________________ A modifying phrase should clearly indicate what the phrase modifies.

Her job is to file newspaper articles about handgun use inthe library.

Modifying clauses should be placed near the words they modify.The librarian explains how they use the

computer to do research before the class begins.

Jumping from limb to limb, the spectators at the zoowere delighted by the monkeys.

D. ParallelismDefinition of parallelismThe balance between two or more similar words, phrases or clauses is called parallelism in grammar. Parallelism is also called parallel

structure or parallel construction. Parallel construction prevents awkwardness, promotes clarity and improves writing style andreadability.Examples:

Nancy likesplaying the piano, the trumpetandplay the guitar.

Sheplayed basketball, had a showerand gone to school.

You can apply to the job by filling this form orapply by telephone.

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Rules of parallelism

1. Parallelism is used to balance nouns with nouns, prepositional phrases with prepositional phrases, participles with participles,infinitives with infinitives, clauses with clauses.

2. Parallelism is used with elements joined by coordinating conjunctions.My mother likes cookingandto read.

3. Parallelism is used with elements in lists or in a series.This task can be done individually, in pairs, orcan be done in groups of four.

4. Parallelism is used with elements being compared.She is mad about watching TVmore than to read a book.

5. Parallelism is used with elements joined by a linking verb or a form of beTo learn is understanding the world.

6. Parallelism is used with elements joined by linking words.The teachernot only wants his students to keep quietbut alsoto do the task.

Correct the following erroneous sentences.

1. Bob went over to the counter, lifted the lid of the dish, and took a candy. Two times.

2. The lawyer knew Sherry's umbrella was within the car, so her coat got very soaking wet in the rain.

3. what the changes being made by the committee were.

4. Every day use of the cleaner will cause harm to come to your hands.

5. Up until Judy had married, she lived all the time with her parents.

6. Our honors program emphasizes independent study, stimulates creative thinking, and the creative capacities of the students aredeveloped.

7. Some of the principal reasons for going to college are to receive an education, to learn independent living, and getting a better job.

8. Bob performs his tasks quickly, willingly, and with accuracy.

9. The novels chief character peers through a tangle of long hair, slouching along in a shambling gait, and gets into trouble constantly.

10. Oscar liked reading books, attending plays, and to search for antiques.

11. The tall boy led the parade with red hair.

12. My brother just listens to one radio station.

13. After dancing solo on stage, the audience applauded Anna's performance.

14. While taking a nap, the volcano erupted.

15. The new student will take the corner seat wearing the muscle shirt.

English3- GRAMMAR REVIEW. Michelle P. Ranges, MA English

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