grammar friends teacher's book4

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ma m

Teacher’s Book

aEileen Flannigan

4

1Great Clarendon Street, Oxford ox2 6dp

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isbn: 978 0 19 478009 4 (Teacher’s Book) isbn: 978 0 19 478015 5 (Student’s Book Pack)

Printed in Hong Kong

acknowledgements

Tests written by: Rachel Godfrey

Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press Introduction 3

Grammar Friends is a six-level series of grammar reference and practice books for children aged from about six to about twelve, taking them from beginner to elementary (CEF A2) level.

The books can be used as supplementary support and resource material in class or at home and can be used alongside any primary course for beginners. Each unit introduces an element of English grammar through a picture or series of pictures with speech bubbles or captions. The grammar is then explained in simple language, with additional examples if necessary. This is followed by exercises increasing in difficulty from straightforward concept check exercises (e.g. matching tasks) to sentence-writing activities. The units are four pages long and they cover one, two or three grammar points.

The units can be used in any order, depending on the syllabus being followed. However, where there is more than one unit on a particular topic you are advised to follow the sequence indicated by the numbers in brackets alongside the topic description (see the Student’s Book Contents list and the first page of each Student’s Book unit).

Each topic is carefully broken down into separate elements, as is appropriate for primary pupils. For example, the present simple of like is presented in the first person singular affirmative and negative forms only in unit 11 of Grammar Friends 1. The second person interrogative form is introduced in unit 12, along with first person singular short answers. The second person singular form with the added ‘s’ is not introduced until unit 7 of Grammar Friends 2.

Sometimes it is appropriate for pupils to see the bigger picture, so occasionally the grammar explanation will introduce elements of the topic that pupils are not expected to use in the exercises. Sometimes there are reminders of the grammar that they will probably have covered in earlier units. The pencil with the exclamation mark is used to signal these reminders as well as to highlight other important points. The grammar reference pages at the end of the book bring all the main grammar structures covered together in tables.

The contexts and situationsThe grammar is presented within everyday contexts, usually one related to a particular family or group of friends of the same age as the learners. The contexts or situations will probably be familiar to pupils from their own lives – and from the other materials they use in class. Because the vocabulary will be known and familiar, pupils will be able to concentrate on the grammar. The clear illustrations and familiar contexts will help them to recall the vocabulary (or work out the meaning of any words that they may be unfamiliar with). At the lower levels the vocabulary sets in each unit are small, but at the higher levels it is assumed that pupils will have a wider vocabulary.

Teachers and parents can be assured that the contexts and situations are appropriate for primary pupils who are learning the importance of good moral and social values at home and at school. The action in the grammar presentations and in the exercises centres on three siblings – Charlie, Molly and Harry, and their parents and grandparents.

The exercisesThe exercises challenge pupils to make use of their understanding of the meaning of the grammar as well as their ability to manipulate grammatical forms. This is why, especially at the lower levels, pictures are important. With the limited linguistic resources at their disposal, it is only through pictures that pupils can be expected to differentiate between the meaning of our, your and their, for example.

Pupils are expected to use correct punctuation in the exercises in Grammar Friends 4. They are also expected to use short forms wherever it is most natural to do so and to put the apostrophe in these.

All exercises have a completed example for pupils to follow. In exercises where a list of words or phrases to be used is given, the word used in the example is scored through to indicate that it has been ‘used’. Where the word (or phrase) used in the example is not scored through, this means that most of the words in the list are used more than once in the exercise. In exercises where the instruction is to ‘look’, pupils may sometimes have to look at an illustration elsewhere on the page, or on a facing page.

Introduction and notes for teachers

Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press4 Introduction

The review unitsAfter every three units there is a review unit. These are shorter units of exercises which provide additional practice of the grammar topics presented in the three preceding units. There is no new grammar material presented or practised in these units. They can therefore also be used as progress tests to check that learners have remembered what they have learned.

The Teacher’s BookThis Teacher’s Book contains the answers to the exercises in the Student’s Book. There are also six photocopiable tests. Five of the tests are a single page and cover three units each. The final test is a review of the grammar covered in the whole book and is two pages long. The answers to the test questions are also supplied in the Teacher’s Book.

The CD-ROMThe student’s CD-ROM contains simple interactive exercises with instant feedback that learners can do at home on their own. The exercises are grouped in relation to sets of three units (in a similar way to the Review units) and there are also multiple-choice tests on the grammar topics covered in the book.

Notes on the units

Starter Unit: After schoolThis unit revises grammar that students will •be familiar with at this stage of their English learning. It revises four key grammar areas that are presented and practised in Grammar Friends 3.As this is a revision unit, this could be used as a •good confidence-boosting introductory lesson for students after the summer holidays.

Unit 1: We’re having ice cream!This unit is a good example of a unit where the two •grammar points presented and practised are very closely related. As a result, the two grammar boxes appear very close together. The grammar structures that students practise after the first grammar box continue to be practised in the exercises that follow the second grammar box. At this stage of their learning, students will be •familiar with the formation and use of both the present simple and the present continuous, but this may be the first time that they have been asked to compare the uses of the two tenses. The addition of adverbs of frequency used with the present simple will help them to decide which tense should be used with each verb in later exercises.

Unit 2: A school play In the first presentation in this unit, the concept •of irregular verbs is mentioned. This may be a good occasion to point to the irregular verbs table on page 80 of Grammar Friends 4 Student’s Book. Students will not need to specifically refer to the table at this point, but their awareness of this table may help them at later stages in the course.In exercise 6, it may help to remind students •that the date is given to them as Saturday 15th November. If students find it useful, you may like to draw a calendar on the board that indicates when each event in this exercise took place. There are two parts to this exercise. First, students must complete the sentence with the correct form of the past simple verb and a time expression, second they must transform the sentence, putting the time expression at the beginning of the sentence.

Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press Notes for teachers 5

Unit 3: We saw a shark!Make sure pupils are aware of the irregular verbs •table on page 80 of Grammar Friends 4 Student’s Book before beginning this lesson. Pupils will probably need to refer to this table throughout this lesson until they become familiar with the common irregular verb forms.In exercise 7, pupils must write a question with the •irregular verb using the prompts given. They must look at the pictures in order to work out the short answer that should be written in response to the question they have already written.

Review 1The first review unit covers all the grammar •presented in units 1, 2 and 3 of Grammar Friends 4. The coverage of each exercise is as follows:•

1 – The present simple and present continuous contrasted

2 – Adverbs of frequency 3 – The past simple of have, be and regular verbs 4 – Time expressions 5 – The past simple of irregular verbs 6 – The past simple questions and answers with

irregular verbs

Unit 4: Our camping tripThe first grammar box in this unit presents •possessive pronouns. In the exercises that follow this grammar box, pupils have to choose when to use a possessive pronoun (e.g. mine) and when to use a possessive adjective (e.g. my).In exercise 2, students are asked to substitute the •underlined words with a possessive pronoun. If your pupils find this exercise easy, you can make it more difficult by asking them to close their books, then writing sentences 1–8 on the board, without underlining any words. Ask students which possessive pronoun should be used in each sentence and then which words should be underlined in each sentence.

Unit 5: We have to hurry!In exercise 7, pupils are asked to write questions •using the prompts. Once they have done so, they are then asked to write answers to these questions in exercise 8 . If possible, check the answers to exercise 7 with your class before you allow them to progress to exercise 8.

Unit 6: The best holiday!Pupils will be familiar with short comparative and •superlative adjectives by this point in the course, but longer comparative and superlative adjectives are now introduced. Before you start this lesson, make sure your pupils know what syllables are and that they can confidently identify how many syllables a word has.In exercise 2, pupils are required to use the comparative •adjectives that they formed in exercise 1. The comparative adjectives in exercise 2 should be used in the same order as they appear in exercise 1.

Review 2Exercise 3 is written from the point of view of a •passer-by in the street that your pupils have stopped to ask for directions to the cinema. This should be clear to your students once they have started the exercise, but you also may like to mention this before your students complete the exercise.In exercise 4, students are asked to write the words •in the correct order using why or because. Questions are identified with the inclusion of a question mark in the prompt, and these are of course the sentences which require why. Sentences without a question mark require because.The coverage of each exercise is as follows:•

1 – Possessive pronouns 2 – Adverbs 3 – Have to and the imperative 4 – Why and because 5 – Comparative adjectives 6 – Superlative adjectives

Unit 7: Will we be famous?In the second grammar box, amongst other future •time expressions, students are introduced to the expression in ... time (e.g. in a day’s time, in two days’ time). Remind students that when we talk about more than one day (or hour, or year), we must include an ‘s’ followed by an apostrophe. Students will be required to recognize and write this form, although they will not be required to use this kind of structure by themselves without prompting.

Unit 8: Lots of fun!In exercise 2, students are asked to complete the •sentences with words from the box. For frames 4 and 6, there are two possible answers. Both frames can correctly be answered with lots or a lot.

Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press6 Notes for teachers

Unit 9: A football matchIn exercise 3, the prompt words are provided in •a more broken down format to similar exercises that students will have encountered in Grammar Friends 4. In this way, pupils’ understanding of sentence order with the infinitive of purpose will be reinforced and thoroughly practised.

Review 3 The coverage of each exercise is as follows:•

1 – Will and won’t 2 – Future time expressions 3 – Much, many, lots of and a lot of 4 – Some and any 5 – The infinitive of purpose 6 – How often ...? and adverbs of time

Unit 10: I’ve done my homeworkIn this unit, pupils are introduced to the present •perfect. This may be the first time they have encountered a perfect tense, so it may be helpful to guide students again towards the irregular verbs table on page 80 of Grammar Friends 4.

Unit 11: A special adventureThis unit follows on directly from unit 10, so it is •advisable not to cover unit 11 until your pupils are familiar with the content of the previous unit.This unit also provides extensive practice of the •present perfect, but the additional grammar elements ever and never are introduced gradually alongside it.

Unit 12: We should play outsideIn exercises 1 to 7, the modal verbs that students •should use in each exercise are provided in the rubric. In exercise 8, students are asked to choose from six possible words for each gap. They must understand the meaning of each sentence before being able to select the correct modal verb for each gap. This exercise will not be hard if pupils have gradually progressed through each exercise in the unit, building on their knowledge base with each point. If your class is on a shorter course, or if time is short, this is an excellent exercise to finish the lesson with, although bear in mind that students may need guidance if they haven’t completed the previous exercises in the unit.

Review 4The coverage of each exercise is as follows:•

1 – The present perfect affirmative, negative and questions.

2 – The present perfect with ever and never: questions and short answers

3 – Should and shouldn’t 4 – Could and couldn’t

Unit 13: Helping othersOnce your pupils have read the presentation on •object pronouns and completed exercises 1 and 2, you may decide that they can cope with a slightly higher level exercise. You can manipulate exercise 3 to make it more challenging by asking students to close their books. You should then write prompts for frames 1 to 6 on the board, without underlining the words that are underlined in Grammar Friends 4. Then ask pupils to tell you which words they would like to substitute for an object pronoun. Once the class has identified the correct words to be substituted, ask students which object pronoun should be used. When pupils have selected the correct object pronoun, ask them to formulate a correct sentence.

Unit 14: Happy memoriesIn exercise 6, pupils should provide the maximum •amount of information that is available for each frame. This will dictate whether they use on or in for their answers.

Unit 15: We were having fun!In exercise 4, pupils are asked to follow the •prompts in the table to write sentences. They are given the first word of each sentence. Make sure that your pupils include commas in the correct places in frames 3, 5 and 6 (see answer key for correct use of commas).

Review 5The coverage of each exercise is as follows:•

1 – Possessive pronouns 2 – Relative pronouns: who and that 3 – The past continuous 4 – Was born with on, in and dates 5 – The past simple, the past continuous and when 6 – They’re, their and there.

Answer key 7Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press

Answer key

Starter Unit1 1 Beth likes playing tennis.

2 I like playing tennis.3 My friends like watching films.4 Do they like cooking?5 Sam doesn’t like playing the piano.6 She likes playing the guitar.7 Do you like surfing?8 Ted and Theo don’t like fishing.

2 1 Can I go to the park? No, you can’t.2 Can we play football? Yes, you can.3 Can they watch the TV? Yes, they can.4 Can he go stakeboarding? No, he can’t.5 Can I buy a new coat? Yes, you can.6 Can she stay with Sally? No, she can’t.7 Can they use the computer? No, they can’t.8 Can I make a cake? Yes, you can.9 Can she visit Grandma? Yes, she can.

10 Can we do our homework later? No, you can’t.

3 1 ’d like some 2 ’d like a3 ’d like a 4 ’d like some 5 ’d like an 6 ’d like some7 ’d like an 8 ’d like some

4 1 Are Mum and Dad going to go to the theatre? No, they aren’t.

2 Is Harriet going to play football with friends? Yes, she is.

3 Is Dad going to clean the car? Yes, he is.4 Are we going to watch a DVD? Yes, we are.5 Are Grandma and Grandpa going to have a

picnic? No, they aren’t.6 Is Marion going to write to her cousin? Yes,

she is.7 Are Lily and Amy going to go to the cinema?

No, they aren’t.

Unit 11 1 ’s running 2 are staying

3 ’s using 4 don’t give5 ’s 6 ’s listening7 walk 8 likes, doesn’t eat9 ’s talking

2 1 I never go to school on Saturdays.2 The teachers are never late.3 Dad always looks at the menu for a long time.4 Jack always finishes his meal.5 The meal isn’t usually very expensive.6 We rarely go to our local café.7 I’m usually hungry after football practice.

3 1 The waitress usually wears a red uniform, but today she’s wearing a blue uniform.

2 Molly usually has some bread, but today she’s having a bowl of soup.

3 Harry usually drinks milk, but today he’s drinking orange juice.

4 Charlie and Molly usually eat pasta, but today they’re eating salad.

5 We usually sit by the window, but today we’re sitting in the corner.

6 Toby usually comes with us, but today Toby isn’t here.

7 Dad usually pays the bill, but today Mum’s paying the bill.

8 We usually walk to the café, but today we’re going by car to the café.

4 1 go 2 ’s sending3 eat 4 brings5 ’s talking 6 play 7 ’m doing 8 make9 eat 10 ’s running

5 1 Amy’s mum and dad sometimes eat pasta.2 Caroline’s eating some fruit right now.3 People in India often eat rice.4 We never eat cake before lunch.5 The baby’s eating his toy.6 Jane isn’t eating noodles today.

6 1 My mum’s cooking dinner at the moment.2 Molly always eats a lot of fruit.3 I sometimes have a shower after school.4 Harry’s wearing the wrong trousers today.5 The waiter’s bringing the bill at the moment.6 The waiter usually brings the bill after the

meal.

Unit 21 1 was 2 wasn’t 3 were

4 were 5 Were 6 were7 weren’t 8 was

2 1 had 2 was 3 were4 had 5 were 6 weren’t7 had 8 had 9 was

10 were

3 1 wasn’t 2 didn’t have 3 Did, have 4 had 5 was 6 Were7 weren’t 8 was9 Was 10 wasn’t

8 Answer key Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press

4 1 was 2 had3 invited 4 enjoyed5 sparkled 6 listened7 danced 8 played9 clapped 10 opened

11 tidied 12 ended13 didn’t want

5 1 Last week, Jane had a party.2 Two weeks ago it was my birthday.3 Frank’s birthday was yesterday.4 We had a big party yesterday.5 Tina had dinner yesterday evening.6 We played tennis two hours ago.7 I had an exam yesterday afternoon.8 I phoned you last Friday.

6 1 Last Saturday, Clare played tennis. Clare played tennis last Saturday.

2 Last month, it was my birthday. It was my birthday last month.3 Last Thursday, Jason played badminton

with Henry. Jason played badminton with Henry last

Thursday.4 Last Monday, I tidied my room.

I tidied my room last Monday.5 Yesterday, we watched a play at the

theatre. We watched a play at the theatre yesterday.

6 Yesterday evening, Dad phoned Roger. Dad phoned Roger yesterday evening.

7 1 one week ago 2 a month ago3 two days ago 4 five days ago 5 fourteen hours ago 6 a day ago

Unit 31 1 heard 2 ate 3 made

4 saw 5 flew 6 thought7 went 8 bought

2 Regular Irregularasked hadlived heardhated wentwaited ate

3 1 ate 2 saw 3 heard4 bought 5 went 6 made7 flew 8 thought

4 1 We didn’t eat lunch very early.2 Eric didn’t see a robot at the exhibition.3 Holly didn’t hear the music.4 Jasper and Ryan didn’t buy a sandwich.5 I didn’t go to school yesterday.6 Jamie didn’t make breakfast this morning.7 The birds didn’t fly away.8 The scientist didn’t think about the question.

5 1 went 2 wasn’t3 bought 4 thought 5 didn’t have 6 saw 7 was 8 ate9 fell asleep

6 1 What did you eat?2 Where did Henry and Andy have lunch?3 Why did Max buy ten postcards?4 Where did they find the money?5 What did you learn about rocks and plants?6 When did you hear the good news?7 Which part of the coast did the class go to?

7 1 Did Sally buy a postcard? Yes, she did.2 Did they have lunch in a café? No, they

didn’t.3 Did Mum and Dad go to a concert? No, they

didn’t.4 Did the children hear a funny story? Yes,

they did.5 Did Poppy find anything interesting? Yes, she

did.

Review 11 1 are wearing

2 ’s having3 ’m looking4 ’s closing5 does your family come6 is it doing7 doesn’t snow8 ’s washing

2 1 I usually cycle to school.2 They always sit by the door.3 Dora’s sometimes hungry at 5 o’clock.4 Beth never goes shopping during the week.5 Grandpa and Grandma are usually at home

on Sundays.6 I’m never late for school.

3 1 had 2 invited 3 were4 arrived 5 played 6 had7 were


4 1 We arrived three days ago.2 The concert was good last year.3 Diana rang me yesterday evening.4 Two weeks ago, I visited Zoe.5 Last night, it rained.6 Yesterday, we had a party.

5 1 Emma saw dinosaurs at the museum. She didn’t see fish.

2 They ate outside. They didn’t eat inside.3 Sidney and I went to school. We didn’t go to

the swimming pool.4 The girls bought cheese. They didn’t buy

fruit.5 I heard a cat. I didn’t hear a dog.6 Seb made lunch today. He didn’t make

breakfast.

6 1 Did Emma see dinosaurs? Yes, she did.2 Where did they eat? They ate outside.3 Did Sidney and I go to the swimming pool?

No, we didn’t.4 Did the girls buy fruit? No, they didn’t.5 What did you hear? I heard a cat.6 What did Seb make? He made lunch.

Unit 41 1 That’s my water bottle.

2 Is this yours?3 There are our DVDs.4 This isn’t my uniform. It’s hers.5 Is this their ball? No, it isn’t theirs.6 Don’t take that comic. It’s his.7 Look at their new car.8 No, that isn’t her rucksack. It’s mine.

2 1 mine 2 yours 3 his4 hers 5 theirs 6 ours7 yours 8 theirs

3 1 our 2 hers 3 yours4 his 5 theirs 6 mine7 yours 8 ours

4 1 theirs 2 his 3 ours4 hers 5 yours 6 theirs7 ours 8 mine

5 1 his 2 their 3 ours4 mine 5 theirs 6 hers7 your 8 hers

6 1 quickly 2 fast3 nicely 4 funnily5 well 6 healthily

7 1 slow 2 well3 happily 4 healthy5 loudly 6 quickly

8 1 Molly sings loudly.2 Jack and Leo play well.3 I run fast.4 Milly eats healthily.5 Some animals move slowly.6 The sun is shining very brightly today.7 Isabelle talks nicely.

Unit 51 1 Jamie has to help Dad in the garden.

2 Bob and Paul have to wash the car.3 Amy has to make lunch.4 You and I have to go shopping.5 I have to do my homework.6 You have to clean the kitchen.

2 1 have to go 2 have to turn3 have to turn 4 have to go5 have to go

3 1 have to go straight on2 have to turn right3 have to go over4 have to go straight on5 have to turn left

4 1 I had to go straight on2 I had to turn right at the bank3 I had to go over the bridge4 I had to go straight on at the traffic lights5 I had to turn left at the roundabout

5 1 Go straight on.2 Turn left at the roundabout.3 Go back to the city centre.4 Turn right at the traffic lights.5 Go over the railway line.6 Go straight on at the roundabout.

6 1 f 2 h 3 g 4 a 5 b 6 c 7 e 8 d

7 1 Why are you hungry?2 Why is England so green?3 Why do you drive so fast?4 Why is Harriet crying?5 Why did we get lost?6 Why does Frank score lots of goals?7 Why do you and Jason enjoy camping?8 Why did Penny and Tina arrive late at the

concert?9 Why is Cara always tired?


8 1 Because I didn’t eat breakfast.2 Because it rains a lot there.3 Because I’m in a hurry.4 Because she’s sad.5 Because we went the wrong way.6 Because he’s a good player.7 Because we like being outside.8 Because they didn’t leave home on time.9 Because she goes to bed late.

Unit 61 1 whiter

2 happier3 more comfortable4 softer5 more expensive6 more modern7 bigger8 taller

2 1 B is whiter than A.2 A is happier than B.3 B is more comfortable than A.4 A is softer than B.5 B is more expensive than A.6 A is more modern than B.7 A is bigger than B.8 Jenny is taller than Sally.

3 1 taller than2 more intelligent than3 less happy than 4 taller than5 less intelligent than6 happier than

4 1 the nicest2 the hungriest3 the most interesting4 the brightest5 the most important6 the most comfortable7 the coldest8 the most beautiful

5 1 the worst2 the most intelligent3 The most important4 the least difficult5 the best6 the worst7 the least8 the most comfortable9 the nicest

10 the oldest

6 1 the best 2 the highest3 the best 4 the lowest5 the happiest 6 worse

Review 21 1 mine 2 hers

3 his 4 ours5 ours 6 yours, ours

2 1 fast 2 well3 heavily 4 carefully5 quietly 6 badly7 loudly

3 1 have to turn 2 Go3 turn 4 have to go5 had to ask

4 1 Why are you waiting here?2 Because we didn’t have a map.3 Why is Judy happy?4 Why are Mum and Dad angry?5 Why did we get lost?6 Because it’s her birthday.

5 1 less expensive than2 more comfortable than3 more interesting than4 better than5 more expensive than6 less comfortable than7 less interesting than8 worse than

6 1 the tallest2 the least expensive3 the most comfortable4 the worst5 the oldest

Unit 71 1 ’ll be 2 ’ll be

3 ’ll have 4 won’t have5 won’t have 6 won’t live7 ’ll live

2 1 I’ll drive a fast car.2 I won’t have to go to school.3 My Dad will have to work.4 There will be cartoons on TV all the time.5 I’ll take my friends to the moon.6 There won’t be any pollution.7 Robots will do all the boring work.8 People won’t travel by plane.9 Towns and cities will be safe.

10 I won’t have to pay for anything.


3 1 Will I drive a fast car? Yes, I will.2 Will I have to go to school? No, I won’t.3 Will my Dad have to work? Yes, he will.4 Will there be cartoons on TV all the time?

Yes, there will.5 Will I take my friends to the moon? Yes, I will.6 Will there be any pollution? No, there won’t.7 Will robots do all the boring work? Yes, they

will.8 Will people travel by plane? No, they won’t.9 Will towns and cities be safe? Yes, they will.

10 Will I have to pay for anything? No, I won’t.

4 1 d 2 g 3 e 4 h 5 a 6 f 7 b 8 c

5 1 five minutes’ time2 Saturday3 Later4 tomorrow5 Soon6 This evening7 on Sunday

6 1 won’t, on 2 will, –3 won’t, on 4 will, –5 won’t, – 6 won’t, on7 will, on

Unit 81 1 much 2 much 3 many

4 much 5 much 6 many7 many 8 many

2 1 lot 2 many3 much 4 lots OR a lot5 lot of 6 a lot OR lots7 many

3 1 How many oranges and apples2 How much lemonade3 How much bread4 How much cheese5 How many cakes6 How much water7 How many dates

4 1 Clare will bring lots of oranges and apples.2 Martin will bring a lot of lemonade.3 George will bring lots of bread.4 Tara will bring a lot of cheese.5 Fred will bring a lot of cakes.6 Carrie will bring lots of water.7 Henry will bring a lot of dates.

5 1 some 2 any 3 some4 any 5 any 6 some 7 any 8 any 9 any

10 any

6 1 any 2 How many3 much 4 some5 How much 6 How much7 any 8 any

7 1 The shop on the ferry has got a lot of comics.2 There were lots of children in the gift shop.3 How much money have you got?4 Are there many people in the café?5 We haven’t got any ice cream.6 There isn’t much information about the ferry.7 I can’t carry any luggage.

Unit 91 1 h Edward switched on the camcorder to film

his family.2 i Andy and Max went upstairs to play a

computer game.3 e Mum put on her best dress to go to the

party.4 j Sue took the glass into the kitchen to get

some more water.5 f Dad turned up the radio to listen to the

news.6 c They bought a new suitcase to take on

holiday.7 g People use a remote control to change TV

channels.8 b We saved all our money to pay for the

tickets.9 d Theo went into Sidney’s bedroom to play

a trick on him.10 a Mum only watches TV to see the adverts.

2 1 to play games.2 to take pictures.3 to travel to the moon.4 to carry holiday things. 5 to know the time. 6 to buy food and clothes.7 to switch on the TV.8 to listen to the news.9 to make music.

10 to film people and places.11 to open a door.12 to climb a wall.

3 1 Molly went upstairs to tidy her room.2 Dad went to the petrol station to get some

petrol.3 Can we go to the zoo to see the animals?4 He turned left to get to the hospital.5 We visited the zoo to see some dolphins.6 People use the alphabet to write words.7 Katie walked to the park to watch the

fireworks.8 Mum bought the food to make a picnic.


4 1 three times 2 at the3 twice 4 three times5 every 6 every 7 once 8 twice9 every 10 every

5 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 T 5 T 6 F 7 T

6 1 How often does Henry visit his grandparents? Henry visits his grandparents three times a year.

2 How often does Mandy watch a documentary? Mandy watches a documentary once a week.

3 How often does Clare argue with someone? Clare argues with someone twice a year.

4 How often does Max watch a film? Max watches a film twice a week.

5 How often does Fin go swimming? Fin goes swimming once a week.

6 How often does Zak visit his grandparents? Zak visits his grandparents three times a week.

Review 31 1 We won’t travel by hologram.

2 There will be flights to the moon.3 I’ll have more money to spend.4 Children won’t eat unhealthy food.5 Will people go on holiday every year?6 We won’t have to work.7 Will there be robots in every home?8 There won’t be any pollution.

2 1 later 2 tomorrow3 in 24 hours’ time 4 on Thursday5 next week 6 this Friday

3 1 many 2 lots of3 much 4 a lot of5 How much 6 How much7 a lot of 8 lots of

4 1 some 2 some 3 any4 any 5 any

5 1 c 2 g 3 d 4 b 5 f 6 a 7 e

6 1 How often are you late for school?2 My family goes on holiday twice a year.3 I have football practice every day.4 How often do you visit your grandparents?5 Aunt Lucy stays with us three times a year.6 We go on holiday twice a year.7 Mum cleans the house once a day.8 I go swimming with Charlie every Friday.9 My sister visits the gym six times a week.

Unit 101 1 made 2 played 3 put

4 went 5 finished 6 had7 said 8 thrown

2 1 ’s sailed 2 ’s made3 have tidied 4 ’ve done5 have caught 6 ’ve written7 ’ve thrown 8 have won

3 1 hasn’t sailed 2 hasn’t made3 haven’t tidied 4 haven’t done5 haven’t caught 6 haven’t written7 haven’t thrown 8 haven’t won

4 1 hasn’t put 2 ’s printed3 hasn’t turned on 4 have finished5 ’s made 6 ’s returned

5 1 Have I looked at your diary?2 Has Cara seen the Eiffel Tower?3 Have we logged on to the computer?4 Have they searched the Internet?5 Have you turned off the printer?6 Has the match started?7 Have Mum and Dad’s tickets arrived?8 Have you and Tim won the trophy?9 Has Gary hurt his leg?

10 Have I attached a photo of my house?

6 1 Has Molly used a lot of books?2 Has Molly switched off the computer?3 Has Molly tidied her bedroom?4 Has Molly finished her homework?5 Has Molly made her bed?6 Has Molly eaten the apple?7 Has Molly closed the curtains?8 Has Molly put her books away?

7 1 Yes, she has. 2 Yes, she has.3 No, she hasn’t. 4 No, she hasn’t.5 No, she hasn’t. 6 No, she hasn’t.7 Yes, she has. 8 No, she hasn’t.

Unit 111 1 Have you ever lived in a village?

2 Have your grandparents ever seen a volcano?3 Has Jim ever met a diver?4 Have I ever sailed across an ocean?5 Has a child ever climbed Mount Everest?6 Have you ever been to Australia?7 Has it ever snowed in July?8 Have you ever had an English penfriend?


2 1 Have you ever found any money? No, I haven’t.

2 Have you ever met a famous explorer? No, I haven’t.

3 Have you ever rescued anyone? Yes, I have.4 Have you ever climbed a volcano? Yes, I have.5 Has Ed ever been in a big storm? No, he hasn’t.6 Has Ed ever rescued anyone? No, he hasn’t.7 Has Ed ever been to a rainforest? Yes, he has.8 Has Ed ever climbed a volcano? No, he hasn’t.

3 1 No, they haven’t. 2 Yes, I have.3 No, we haven’t. 4 No, he hasn’t.5 Yes, I have. 6 Yes, he has.7 No, they haven’t. 8 Yes, I have.

4 1 Have you ever been to England? Yes, I have.2 Has your team ever won a trophy? Yes, my

team has won lots of trophies.3 Has Gary ever ridden a bike? No, he hasn’t.4 Have Ted and Lewis ever been to an oasis?

No, they haven’t.5 Have I ever met your brother? No, you

haven’t.

5 1 ’s never met 2 ’ve never seen3 ’s never been 4 ’ve never been5 have never sailed 6 ’s never got7 have never used 8 ’ve never found9 ’ve never lost 10 have never sent

6 1 ’ve never been2 ’ve visited3 have never travelled4 ’ve never seen5 ’ve never caught6 ’s travelled7 Have, ever wanted

7 1 Anna’s never sailed around the world. 2 Has Mandy ever been to Egypt? Yes, she has.3 Has Fred ever met a Japanese person? No, he

hasn’t.4 Have Mum and Dad ever liked cheese? No,

they haven’t.5 Jack’s never sent a letter.6 Have you ever found a twenty-pound note in

the street? No, I haven’t.7 Fin and Gary have never got high marks for

maths.8 Have you ever lost any money? No, I haven’t.

Unit 121 1 c You should sit in the library.

2 d You should do more exercise.3 e You should drink some water.4 f You should get a job.5 b You should drink some hot lemon.6 a You should look for them.7 h You should eat something.8 i You shouldn’t talk.9 g You should talk to your teacher.

2 1 You shouldn’t go to bed too late.2 You should eat more fruit and vegetables.3 You shouldn’t eat lots of sweets.4 You should relax.5 You shouldn’t work too hard.6 You should walk to school.7 You shouldn’t catch the bus all the time.8 You should go to bed early.9 You shouldn’t drink fizzy drinks.

10 You should do lots of sport.

3 1 He shouldn’t spend all his pocket money.2 He shouldn’t play football.3 She should work hard in class.4 She shouldn’t buy sweets and biscuits.5 He should tidy his room.6 She should give lots of homework.7 They should practise a lot.8 She should take an apple to school.

4 1 could 2 couldn’t3 can’t 4 couldn’t, can5 can 6 can’t, could7 couldn’t

5 1 could 2 couldn’t3 could 4 couldn’t5 couldn’t 6 could7 could 8 couldn’t9 could

6 1 could ride, can’t 2 couldn’t play, can3 could run, can’t 4 couldn’t cook, can5 could sit, can’t 6 couldn’t eat, can

7 1 He couldn’t drive a car. He can’t drive a car now.

2 He couldn’t play football. He can play football now.

3 He could run fast. He can run fast now.4 He couldn’t swim. He can swim now.5 He couldn’t read. He can read now.6 He couldn’t speak English. He can speak

English now.


8 1 couldn’t 2 couldn’t 3 should4 couldn’t 5 can 6 can7 shouldn’t 8 could

Review 41 1 I’ve switched off the computer.

2 We haven’t finished our school project.3 Has Holly tidied her room? Yes, she has.4 George and Theo haven’t put the books away.5 Has Eric made his bed today? No, he hasn’t.6 Dad’s printed all the documents.7 Have we searched the Internet for the

information? No, we haven’t.8 Gemma hasn’t logged on today.

2 1 Has Heidi ever been to America? Yes, she has.2 Mr and Mrs Cooke have never been to Africa.3 Has Jasper ever been to Australia? No, he

hasn’t.4 Lily and Marion have never been to America.5 Has Frank ever been to Australia? Yes, he has.6 Have Andy and Theo ever been to Africa? No,

they haven’t.

3 1 You shouldn’t eat so many sweets.2 You should drink some water.3 You shouldn’t spend all day playing

computer games.4 You shouldn’t work so hard.5 You should do more exercise.

4 1 couldn’t, can 2 can, couldn’t3 couldn’t, can 4 couldn’t, can5 could, can’t 6 can’t, could

Unit 131 1 me 2 you 3 him

4 she 5 us 6 you7 them

2 1 it 2 them 3 us4 me 5 you 6 her

3 1 I’d like to buy it.2 Can you chop them up?3 I can’t find her.4 Pour it into the blender.5 You can change it at the station.6 Gary is going to go to the concert with him.

4 1 which 2 who 3 who4 which 5 which 6 who7 which 8 which 9 which

10 which

5 1 which 2 who 3 which4 which 5 which 6 which7 who 8 who 9 which

10 which

Unit 141 1 was making 2 weren’t watching

3 was raining 4 weren’t waiting5 was feeling 6 were tidying7 was moving 8 wasn’t sending9 were talking

2 1 Lewis and Gary weren’t waiting at the bus stop. They were waiting at the cinema.

2 Dad wasn’t cleaning the house. He was cleaning the car.

3 Mum and Sophy weren’t making coffee. They were making dinner.

4 Jess wasn’t writing a letter. She was writing an email.

5 The boys weren’t playing tennis. They were playing basketball.

3 1 Were Lewis and Gary waiting at the bus stop? No, they weren’t.

2 Was Dad cleaning the car? Yes, he was.3 Were Mum and Sophy making dinner? Yes,

they were.4 Was Jess writing a letter? No, she wasn’t.5 Were the boys playing basketball? Yes, they

were.

4 1 in 2 in 3 on4 in 5 in 6 in, on 7 on 8 on

5 1 When was Mr Dixon born? Mr Dixon was born on 1st February 1973.

2 When was Mrs Dixon born? Mrs Dixon was born on 14th February 1973.

3 When were Fin and Jasper born? Fin and Jasper were born on 30th May 2000.

4 When was Angela born? Angela was born on 21st September 2003.

5 When was Grandpa born? Grandpa was born on 7th March 1953.

6 When was Grandma born? Grandma was born on 5th May 1954.


6 1 on 1st September. 2 at 10.30 on 4th September.

3 on 13th September.4 on 16th September.5 on 19th September. 6 on 21st September.7 on 30th September.

Unit 151 1 it started raining

2 Mrs Cooper phoned3 he fell over4 the lights went out5 I walked into the room6 I woke up7 they heard the alarm8 the big boat arrived

2 1 was repairing, rang 2 was walking, started3 was reading, took4 was playing, hurt5 was doing, started

3 1 , 2 – 3 – 4 , 5 – 6 – 7 ,

4 1 I was getting ready for school when something strange happened.

2 Dad was eating breakfast when his boss rang.3 When Dad put the phone down, he was

looking worried.4 He was smiling when he told us the good news.5 When I was walking to school, I realized it

was the weekend.6 When the builder was drinking tea, the wall

fell down.7 Kate was smiling when I looked at her.8 We were looking for Kim’s present when we

saw her.

5 1 their 2 there 3 their 4 They’re

6 1 there 2 They’re 3 They’re4 their 5 their 6 there

Review 51 1 me 2 it 3 him

4 it 5 them 6 her7 us 8 you

2 1 who 2 who 3 which4 which 5 who 6 which 7 who 8 who

3 1 I was looking at the photos.2 The man wasn’t listening to me.3 She was painting a picture.4 Was it raining?5 Who were you talking to?6 We were finishing our homework.7 The children were making a mess in the

kitchen.8 An hour ago, I was making dinner.

4 1 Tina was born in May 1975.2 Frank was born on 7th June 1980.3 Fred was born in 1988.4 Carrie was born on 1st January.5 Lily was born on 8th October.6 Tina was born in March 1995.7 Sidney was born in 2001.

5 1 Phil was running when he fell over.2 When they arrived, it was snowing.3 We were having dinner when you called.4 Tim came into the room when Billy was

telling a joke.5 When they were cooking dinner, the film

started.6 I was having a bad dream when I woke up.7 When everyone arrived, you were listening

to your MP3 player.

6 1 they’re 2 there3 their 4 their5 there 6 They’re

Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press Photocopiable16 Test 1

Test 1 (Units 1 – 3) Name

1 Write the words in the correct order. Use the present simple or the present continuous.1 rice / usually / People in Japan / eat People in Japan usually eat rice. .2 new shoes / wear / today / Jamie .3 eat / never / breakfast / Holly .4 Jack / right now / a glass of milk / drink .5 hungry after school / be / usually / I .6 dinner / at the moment / Dad / not make . / 5

2 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.weren’t ago didn’t yesterday wasn’t last

1 Poppy watched a good film yesterday afternoon.2 I saw Fred three days .3 Holly had a great party week.4 Ethan and Anna hungry.5 Sally go to the concert because she was at school.6 The exam difficult. / 5

3 Complete the conversation. Use the past simple of the verbs in brackets.Carla Hi, Leo. Where 1 were you last weekend?Leo I 2 (go) to the seaside with my family.Carla That’s nice. What 3 (you / do)?Leo I 4 (play) on the beach with my sister. Carla 5 (you / swim) in the sea?Leo Yes, we did. It was lovely. And we 6 (not / see) any sharks!Carla Oh, that’s good! / 5

Total / 15

Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press Photocopiable 17


1 Complete the sentences with adverbs made from the adjectives in the box.

fast bright slow nice healthy good

1 Isabel has a nice voice. She sings nicely .2 It’s hot today. The sun is shining .3 Charlie isn’t a slow runner. He runs very .4 It’s good to eat fruit. Some people don’t eat .5 Molly is a good piano player. She plays the piano very . 6 Come on! You are walking very today! / 5

2 Circle the correct answers.1 Take / Taking the bus to the city centre and walk over the bridge. 2 We has to / have to / had to come home at 12 o’clock yesterday.3 Mum is leaving now why / because she has to collect Ryan from school.4 Why / Because did you bring your umbrella? It isn’t raining.5 They aren’t your shoes! They’re your / my / yours / mine!6 Here’s your / my / yours / mine ice cream. / 5

3 Look at the information. Complete the sentences with comparative and superlative adjectives of the words in brackets.

New Friendly Good ExpensiveThe Tiger Café 1850 ☺ *** £££The Blue Moon Café 1995 ☺☺☺ * ££Happy Days Café 2008 ☺☺ ** £

1 The Blue Moon Café is newer than The Tiger Café. (new)2 Happy Days Café is café in town. (new)3 The Blue Moon Café is Happy Days Café. (friendly)4 Happy Days Café is The Blue Moon Café. (good)5 The Tiger Café is café in town. (good)6 Happy Days Café is café in town. (expensive) / 5

Total / 15

Test 2



1 Look at the notes and complete the sentences and questions. Use will or won’t. 1 Charlie / drive a big car / ✓ 2 I / have to work / ✓3 Molly / live in a flat / ? 4 we / go on holiday next year / ✗5 you / be / happy / ? 6 there / be / a robot in my house / ✗

1 Charlie will drive a big car .2 I .3 in a flat?4 We .5 happy?6 in my house. / 5

2 Circle the correct answers.Polly Did you have a good weekend?Clare Yes, I went to London with my family. We visited

1 many / any / some friends.Polly What did you do?Clare We did 2 lots of / many / any interesting things. We went to

3 some / any / much museums and played in the parks.Polly Were there 4 much / many / lots tourists in London?Clare Yes, there were. It was very busy.Polly Did you buy 5 any / some / much souvenirs?Clare No, there wasn’t 6 some / many / much time for shopping! / 5

3 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases in the box.to every Monday a week often soon in two weeks’

1 I’ll see you soon .2 How do you visit your grandma?3 I switched on the television watch a film.4 I walk to school twice . 5 My friends will arrive time.6 We play basketball .

/ 5

Total

/ 15



1 Complete the conversation. Use the present perfect of the verbs in brackets.Charlie I 1 ’ve finished (finish) my school project.Molly Oh, good. I want to use the computer now.Charlie No, you can’t. I 2 (not / print) the pictures.Molly OK. I’m hungry. 3 (Dad / make) dinner? Charlie No. He 4 (not / come) home from work yet.

I’m not hungry.Molly Why not? 5 (you / eat) anything?Charlie Yes, I had a sandwich. Molly That’s a good idea. I’ll have a sandwich too.Charlie Sorry, Molly. I 6 (use) all the bread. Molly Oh, Charlie! / 5

2 Write sentences and questions. Use the present perfect.1 a boat / sail / Ted / never Ted’s never sailed a boat .2 three times / visit / Australia / I .3 write / an email / never / They .4 by plane / ever / you / travel ?5 a famous person / Harry / never / meet .6 Lara / see / an elephant / ever ?

/ 53 Complete the sentences using the words in the box.

could couldn’t should shouldn’t can can’t

1 I can use a computer. It’s easy!2 Edward ride his bike yesterday because he was ill.3 Kate is tired. She go to bed early.4 Holly speak French when she was young because she lived

in France.5 No, she drive. She’s only ten years old!6 Have you got a headache? You play computer

games all day. / 5

Total

/ 15

Test 4

Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press Photocopiable20


1 Complete the sentences with the words in the box.which them which it who her

1 I’ve got the shoes which you want.2 Mum’s in the kitchen. Can you help , please?3 That’s the girl found my book.4 Here’s the information. Read carefully.5 Where is the money I gave you?6 We’ve got some apples. Can you chop up, please? / 5

2 Complete the text. Use the past continuous of the verbs in brackets.

Hi Amy,How are you? I’m having a bad day! It started at 7 o’clock this morning, because I 1 was having (have) a bad dream when I woke up. When I first looked out of the window it 2 (not rain). But when I 3 (have) breakfast, the rain started. And when Charlie and I 4 (run) to school in the rain, I fell over. I phoned you this afternoon, but you didn’t answer. What 5 (you / do)?Zoe

P.S. I saw your dad in the park today. What 6 (he / do) there? / 5

3 Circle the correct answers.1 Sorry, you can’t sit they’re / their / there .2 The twins were born in / at / on October 2001.3 It snowed / was snowing when I first met / was meeting you.4 Dad was born in / at / on 3rd April 1979.5 Are these they’re / their / there bags? 6 Kate cut / was cutting her finger when she cooked / was cooking.

/ 5

Total / 15

Test 5



1 Match 1–6 with a–f.1 b Mum’s working a three times.2 Jake wasn’t wearing jeans when b at the moment.3 I’ll see you c two days ago.4 Anna’s been to Egypt d every Friday.5 I visit my grandma e in two weeks’ time.6 I made a cake f I saw him. / 5

2 Complete the questions. Use the correct tense.1 How many books have you got? I’ve got ten books.2 How drink? I drink lots of water.3 How play basketball? I play basketball

every week.4 Where yesterday? I went to the river.5 What when I phoned you? I was having

lunch when you phoned me.6 abroad? No, I’ve never travelled abroad.

/ 53 Complete the conversation with the words in the box.

have to can should can shouldn’t can’t

Toby Mum, 1 can I have some chocolate?Mum No, you 2 . You 3 eat so many sweets.Toby But I’m hungry.Mum You 4 eat more at dinner time. You 5 have a

biscuit now, but no chocolate.Toby Thanks, Mum.Mum But after that you’ll 6 go and clean your teeth.Toby Why?Mum Because it’s bedtime! / 5

Test 6


4 Circle the correct answers.1 She was born in / on / at 2001.2 I’d like some / any / much bread, please.3 Where are the photos who / they / which you printed?4 Have you never / always / ever seen a volcano?5 Everyone played together happy / happily / happier.6 Your project was well / good / better than mine. / 5

5 Complete the short answers.1 Did they catch any fish? Yes, they did .2 Have you finished your homework? No, I .3 Will you have to work next weekend? No, I .4 Will there be any pollution? Yes, there .5 Could Grandpa sing when he was young? No, he !6 Were you having a bad day? No, I . / 5

Total / 25

Grammar Friends 4 © Oxford University Press Photocopiable Tests answer key 23

Tests answer key

Test 11 2 Jamie’s wearing new shoes today.

3 Holly never eats breakfast. 4 Jack’s drinking a glass of milk right now. 5 I’m usually hungry after school. 6 Dad isn’t making dinner at the moment.

2 2 ago 3 last 4 weren’t 5 didn’t 6 wasn’t

3 2 went 3 did you do 4 played 5 Did you swim 6 didn’t see

Test 21 2 brightly 3 fast

4 healthily 5 well 6 slowly

2 2 had to 3 because 4 Why 5 mine 6 your

3 2 the newest 3 friendlier than 4 better than 5 the best 6 the least expensive

Test 31 2 ’ll have to work

3 Will Molly live 4 won’t go on holiday next year 5 Will you be 6 There won’t be a robot

2 2 lots of 3 some 4 many 5 any 6 much

3 2 often 3 to 4 a week 5 in two weeks’ 6 every Monday

Test 41 2 haven’t printed 3 Has Dad made

4 hasn’t come 5 Have you eaten 6 ’ve used

2 2 I’ve visited Australia three times. 3 They’ve never written an email. 4 Have you ever travelled by plane? 5 Harry’s never met a famous person. 6 Has Lara ever seen an elephant?

3 2 couldn’t 3 should 4 could 5 can’t 6 shouldn’t

Test 51 2 her 3 who 4 it 5 which 6 them

2 2 wasn’t raining 3 was having 4 were running 5 were you doing 6 was he doing

3 2 in 3 was snowing, met 4 on 5 their 6 cut, was cooking

Test 61 2 f 3 e 4 a 5 d 6 c

2 2 much water do you 3 often do you 4 did you go 5 were you doing 6 Have you ever travelled

3 2 can’t 3 shouldn’t 4 should 5 can 6 have to

4 2 some 3 which 4 ever 5 happily 6 better

5 2 haven’t 3 which 4 will 5 couldn’t 6 wasn’t

1www.oup.com/elt

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The step by step grammar presentations in Grammar Friends introduce form, use and meaning in a way that even young beginner learners can understand and remember. The series is an ideal supplement to any elementary course book series.

• Builds accuracy and confidence: graded written exercises provide practice and reinforcement.

• Puts the focus on grammar: familiar contexts and situations, using basic vocabulary, enable pupils to concentrate on learning grammar.

• Revises and consolidates: regular revision units provide extra practice.

• Interactive practice: the student CD-ROM features additional exercises and tests for even more practice at home or independently at school.

• Photocopiable tests: included in the Teacher’s Book, plus answer key.

Beginner – Elementary (A2)

For students preparing for the Cambridge ESOL Young Learner’s exams:

Starters: Grammar Friends 1 and 2

Movers: Grammar Friends 3 and 4

Flyers: Grammar Friends 5 and 6

For 6 – 12 years

grammar friends teacher's book4

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